{"title":"Polymorphic Transformations of Tricalcium Silicate","authors":"H. Uchikawa, K. Tsukiyama","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.79.910_183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.79.910_183","url":null,"abstract":"純C3Sの精密熱測定および高温X線回折により, 常温から1500℃の間に10個の変態が存在することを認めた.新しく確認した4個の変態は, すべて三斜晶系に属する. 各変態の転移熱およびそれらが存在する温度領における比熱を定めた.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76959675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-07-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.899_224
護 三友, 吉三 猪股, 真士 熊埜御堂
The effect of doped aluminium on thermal stability of basic structures was studied experimentally in the range from 2000°C to 2400°C. The results were summarized as follows;(1) The 4H type SiC was stabilized by aluminium, and it could be changed 4H to 6H and 6H to 4H by exclusion and inclusion of the aluminium respectively.(2) The distortion of the lattice was caused by the aluminium and the stability of 4H structure in this temperature range was attributed to this distortion.(3) The 15R type seemed to be unstable in these conditions.
{"title":"4H-, 6H-SiCの安定性に及ぼす不純物アルミニウムの影響","authors":"護 三友, 吉三 猪股, 真士 熊埜御堂","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.899_224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.899_224","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of doped aluminium on thermal stability of basic structures was studied experimentally in the range from 2000°C to 2400°C. The results were summarized as follows;(1) The 4H type SiC was stabilized by aluminium, and it could be changed 4H to 6H and 6H to 4H by exclusion and inclusion of the aluminium respectively.(2) The distortion of the lattice was caused by the aluminium and the stability of 4H structure in this temperature range was attributed to this distortion.(3) The 15R type seemed to be unstable in these conditions.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74974736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.901_319
K. Ōoka, T. Kishii, Mitsuo Kasori
The stresses built up by ultra-violet irradiation in glasses containing rare earth (Pm and Lu were not examined.) oxides were measured. The effects of the additives were classified as follows: a-group; The stresses were large when added in amounts about 0.5g oxide per 100g of the base glass, b-group; The effects of the amount added were the intermediate ones between a- and c-group, and c-group; The stresses were only slightly dependent on the amounts added. It was noted that the ions belonging to the a-group corresponded to those which show f→d or charge transfer bands in optical absorption and change valencies by light or ionizing radiation. The enhancement effect of the stress by these ions was discussed. The ions belonging to the c-group behaved similarly with the rare gas type ions (such as alkali and alkaline earth ions). They seemed to be simple fillers of the glass network.
{"title":"Effects of Small Additives on Stress Build-up in Glass by Ultra-violet Irradiation: Rare Earth Oxides","authors":"K. Ōoka, T. Kishii, Mitsuo Kasori","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.901_319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.78.901_319","url":null,"abstract":"The stresses built up by ultra-violet irradiation in glasses containing rare earth (Pm and Lu were not examined.) oxides were measured. The effects of the additives were classified as follows: a-group; The stresses were large when added in amounts about 0.5g oxide per 100g of the base glass, b-group; The effects of the amount added were the intermediate ones between a- and c-group, and c-group; The stresses were only slightly dependent on the amounts added. It was noted that the ions belonging to the a-group corresponded to those which show f→d or charge transfer bands in optical absorption and change valencies by light or ionizing radiation. The enhancement effect of the stress by these ions was discussed. The ions belonging to the c-group behaved similarly with the rare gas type ions (such as alkali and alkaline earth ions). They seemed to be simple fillers of the glass network.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of High Pressure on Precipitation of Silver Colloids in Glass","authors":"Tokuji Yamamoto, S. Sakka, M. Tashiro","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.77.891_378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.77.891_378","url":null,"abstract":"ブリッジマンアンビル型の加圧装置を用いて高圧を加えたガラスの光吸収を測定することにより珪酸塩ガラス中における銀コロイドの生成にたいする高圧の効果を調べた. 室温で65kbまでの高圧を加えておくと, その後250°-500℃の高温で加熱したときにおこる銀コロイドの生成が促進された. 銀コロイドの生成がおこるような高温で圧力を加えてもやはり銀コロイドの析出が促進された. ただし, この場合には, 析出した粒子の寸法はさきの場合にくらべてより小さかった. このように銀コロイドの生成が促進されるのは高圧付加によりガラス中に欠陥が生成し, そのため銀コロイドの結晶核形成が促進されるためと考えられる. なお, ガラスをいったん高温で加熱したのち室温で加圧すると大きい銀コロイドが析出し, そのためガラスは灰色または暗色になることが確かめられた.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86795549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.77.889_313
Y. Inomata, Z. Inoue, K. Kijima
{"title":"On the Formation of the 15R-type in the β-α Transformation of SiC","authors":"Y. Inomata, Z. Inoue, K. Kijima","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.77.889_313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.77.889_313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86103083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-07-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.863_231
K. Ōoka, T. Kishii, Tomoyoshi Saito
{"title":"Stress Build-up in Some Germanate Glasses by Ultra-violet Irradiation","authors":"K. Ōoka, T. Kishii, Tomoyoshi Saito","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.863_231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.863_231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88787839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-05-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_125
稲吉 野田, 真澄 潮
Glass of 3CoO⋅Al2O3⋅3SiO2 composition was treated at temperatures ranging from 600° to 1900°C at pressures of 20 to 40kb using a girdle type high pressure apparatus. The glass specimen was placed in a platinum tube heater 3.0mm in diameter and 9.0mm long. The heat treatment temperature was measured by a platinum-alumel thermocouple inserted in the specimen chamber or was estimated from the temperature-heating power input relations at several pressures. The temperature distribution and the pressure gradient in the specimen chamber were measured. Minerals in the treated specimens were identified by the X-ray diffraction method and the microscopic observations. Specimens used for the identification were taken from a layer of 0.5mm thick at the central part of the specimen chamber, in order to minimize the variation of temperature and pressure of the treatment. The maximum deviation of the measured temperatures was ±40°C at 1700°C at 40kb. It decreased with decreases in temperature and pressure to ±20°C at temperatures lower than 1300°C at 20kb. The error in the pressure measurement was estimated to be ±2kb at the maximum.Cobalt garnet is stable at pressures above 23kb at 1200°C and above 24kb at 1500°C. Below these pressures at the respective temperatures, mixtures of cobalt spinel (CoO⋅Al2O3), cobalt olivine (2CoO⋅SiO2) and quartz were obtained from the glass. Garnet produced at 1400°C at 25kb broke down to spinel, olivine and quartz when it was held at 18 kb at the same temperature. Cobalt garnet melts congruently at 1670°C and 25kb. It seems that the garnet melts incongruently to spinel and liquid at temperatures from 1500°C to 1670°C at pressures lower than 23kb. The slope of melting curve of the garnet is 12°C/kb. At 900°C the glass devitrifies to a mixture of spinet, olivine and quartz even at 25kb, and at 800°C the same mixture was obtained at 30kb.The lattice constant a0 of the cobalt garnet (Co3Al2Si3O12) is 14.473±0.008 A and the refractive index nD is 1.82±0.01 (25°C). The color of the garnet is bright pink.
{"title":"コバルト柘榴石 (Co3Al2Si3O12) の高圧合成とその安定領域","authors":"稲吉 野田, 真澄 潮","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_125","url":null,"abstract":"Glass of 3CoO⋅Al2O3⋅3SiO2 composition was treated at temperatures ranging from 600° to 1900°C at pressures of 20 to 40kb using a girdle type high pressure apparatus. The glass specimen was placed in a platinum tube heater 3.0mm in diameter and 9.0mm long. The heat treatment temperature was measured by a platinum-alumel thermocouple inserted in the specimen chamber or was estimated from the temperature-heating power input relations at several pressures. The temperature distribution and the pressure gradient in the specimen chamber were measured. Minerals in the treated specimens were identified by the X-ray diffraction method and the microscopic observations. Specimens used for the identification were taken from a layer of 0.5mm thick at the central part of the specimen chamber, in order to minimize the variation of temperature and pressure of the treatment. The maximum deviation of the measured temperatures was ±40°C at 1700°C at 40kb. It decreased with decreases in temperature and pressure to ±20°C at temperatures lower than 1300°C at 20kb. The error in the pressure measurement was estimated to be ±2kb at the maximum.Cobalt garnet is stable at pressures above 23kb at 1200°C and above 24kb at 1500°C. Below these pressures at the respective temperatures, mixtures of cobalt spinel (CoO⋅Al2O3), cobalt olivine (2CoO⋅SiO2) and quartz were obtained from the glass. Garnet produced at 1400°C at 25kb broke down to spinel, olivine and quartz when it was held at 18 kb at the same temperature. Cobalt garnet melts congruently at 1670°C and 25kb. It seems that the garnet melts incongruently to spinel and liquid at temperatures from 1500°C to 1670°C at pressures lower than 23kb. The slope of melting curve of the garnet is 12°C/kb. At 900°C the glass devitrifies to a mixture of spinet, olivine and quartz even at 25kb, and at 800°C the same mixture was obtained at 30kb.The lattice constant a0 of the cobalt garnet (Co3Al2Si3O12) is 14.473±0.008 A and the refractive index nD is 1.82±0.01 (25°C). The color of the garnet is bright pink.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83174155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1967-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_153
K. Okazaki, T. Noguchi
The granulation and the Forming are very important processes in the fabrication of the ceramic dielectrics. Generally, in the case of dry pressing, the raw powder is mixed with an organic binder and water and then the second particle (i.e. granule) is prepared by a method such as screening or spray drying in order to flow quickly from the hopper into the die cavity. The authors carried out systematic experiments on the effects of the binder influencing upon the electrical and physical properties of the final products and on some factors affecting to the properties of granules.The results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) The mechanical strength (S) of the pressed body was measured as a function of the heating temperature (T) from room temperature to the sintering temperature. As a result, it was found that the S-T curve has a minimum point at about 400°C, which corresponds just to the decomposing temperature of the binder and this characteristic is fairly influenced by the quantity of the binder.(2) By the same method as above, electrical resistivity (ρ) at 150°C versus heating temperature (T) curve was measured with the results that the ρ-T curve has a minimum point at about 1000°C.It can be interpreted as a resultant curve of two effect, that with highter heating temperature, the contact area between particles is increased and the concentration of the non-reacted ion is decreased accompanying with the soild reaction.(3) It was clarified that the void remaining inside ceramics was increased by increasing the quantity of the binder and this affected to the breakdown characteristics of the dielectric ceremics.(4) The experiments on the PZT ceramics containing PbO under a hot-pressing condition were carried out with the results that the organic binder has a considerable reducing action such as separating of metalic Pb.(5) The fluidity of the granules was correlative to the bulk density for any granules prepared by various conditions. It was concluded that the most important charactor of a well-granulated body is to have a high bulk density, with an exception of the case of dry pressing for a very thin body.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Granulation and the Forming for Raw Powders of Ceramic Dielectrics","authors":"K. Okazaki, T. Noguchi","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.75.861_153","url":null,"abstract":"The granulation and the Forming are very important processes in the fabrication of the ceramic dielectrics. Generally, in the case of dry pressing, the raw powder is mixed with an organic binder and water and then the second particle (i.e. granule) is prepared by a method such as screening or spray drying in order to flow quickly from the hopper into the die cavity. The authors carried out systematic experiments on the effects of the binder influencing upon the electrical and physical properties of the final products and on some factors affecting to the properties of granules.The results obtained are summarized as follows.(1) The mechanical strength (S) of the pressed body was measured as a function of the heating temperature (T) from room temperature to the sintering temperature. As a result, it was found that the S-T curve has a minimum point at about 400°C, which corresponds just to the decomposing temperature of the binder and this characteristic is fairly influenced by the quantity of the binder.(2) By the same method as above, electrical resistivity (ρ) at 150°C versus heating temperature (T) curve was measured with the results that the ρ-T curve has a minimum point at about 1000°C.It can be interpreted as a resultant curve of two effect, that with highter heating temperature, the contact area between particles is increased and the concentration of the non-reacted ion is decreased accompanying with the soild reaction.(3) It was clarified that the void remaining inside ceramics was increased by increasing the quantity of the binder and this affected to the breakdown characteristics of the dielectric ceremics.(4) The experiments on the PZT ceramics containing PbO under a hot-pressing condition were carried out with the results that the organic binder has a considerable reducing action such as separating of metalic Pb.(5) The fluidity of the granules was correlative to the bulk density for any granules prepared by various conditions. It was concluded that the most important charactor of a well-granulated body is to have a high bulk density, with an exception of the case of dry pressing for a very thin body.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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