Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile material with a wide range of applications ranging from nutrition to light-emitting devices, and doping of ZnO with calcium (Ca) may improve its performance. However, there is only a limited understanding of the crystalline properties of nanostructured CaO-ZnO systems. Here, nanostructured Ca-doped ZnO was produced by flame spray pyrolysis and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No Ca-Zn oxide phase with specific stoichiometry was formed, but an increase in the ZnO unit cell parameters was observed with increased Ca content. Using Vegard ’ s law, approximately 2.8 at% Ca was incorporated substitutionally for Zn in nano-ZnO, in agreement with solubility limits reported for bulk ZnO. These results indicate that there is no specific particle size effect for the formation of CaO-ZnO solid solutions. This Ca incorporation inside the ZnO wurtzite structure resulted in a transformation from slightly elongated to more spherical crystals, as indicated by the ZnO aspect ratio and TEM images.
{"title":"Investigation of Nanostructured CaO-ZnO Solid Solutions by X-ray Diffraction","authors":"Jesper T. N. Knijnenburg","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.92","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) is a versatile material with a wide range of applications ranging from nutrition to light-emitting devices, and doping of ZnO with calcium (Ca) may improve its performance. However, there is only a limited understanding of the crystalline properties of nanostructured CaO-ZnO systems. Here, nanostructured Ca-doped ZnO was produced by flame spray pyrolysis and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No Ca-Zn oxide phase with specific stoichiometry was formed, but an increase in the ZnO unit cell parameters was observed with increased Ca content. Using Vegard ’ s law, approximately 2.8 at% Ca was incorporated substitutionally for Zn in nano-ZnO, in agreement with solubility limits reported for bulk ZnO. These results indicate that there is no specific particle size effect for the formation of CaO-ZnO solid solutions. This Ca incorporation inside the ZnO wurtzite structure resulted in a transformation from slightly elongated to more spherical crystals, as indicated by the ZnO aspect ratio and TEM images.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89141890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuki Tange, S. Nomura, Junichiro Nakajima, Y. Nishioka
In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to decompose methylene blue (MB) adsorbed on pellet-shaped zeolite, and zeolite was reused as an adsorbent. The DBD treatment was performed in air under atmospheric pressure. The effect of plasma treatment on the zeolite structure was investigated. The effect of DBD treatment was evaluated by the amount of MB adsorbed on the zeolite and the Total organic carbon (TOC) of the solution in the repeated adsorption test. When the plasma-treated zeolite was added to pure water, some substances desorbed from the zeolite, and as a result of NMR analysis, it was found that the substance does not have a benzene ring structure. The results showed that the methylene blue adsorbed on the zeolite was decomposed into a low molecule without a benzene ring by the DBD treatment, and it was desorbed during the next adsorption cycle, so that the adsorption site was recovered while maintaining the structure of the zeolite. 本研究では，ペレット状ゼオライトに吸着したメチレンブルー（MB）を誘電体バリア放電（DBD）で分解し，ゼオライトを吸着剤と
{"title":"Decomposition of Methylene Blue Adsorbed on Zeolite by Dielectric Barrier Discharge","authors":"Kazuki Tange, S. Nomura, Junichiro Nakajima, Y. Nishioka","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.97","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to decompose methylene blue (MB) adsorbed on pellet-shaped zeolite, and zeolite was reused as an adsorbent. The DBD treatment was performed in air under atmospheric pressure. The effect of plasma treatment on the zeolite structure was investigated. The effect of DBD treatment was evaluated by the amount of MB adsorbed on the zeolite and the Total organic carbon (TOC) of the solution in the repeated adsorption test. When the plasma-treated zeolite was added to pure water, some substances desorbed from the zeolite, and as a result of NMR analysis, it was found that the substance does not have a benzene ring structure. The results showed that the methylene blue adsorbed on the zeolite was decomposed into a low molecule without a benzene ring by the DBD treatment, and it was desorbed during the next adsorption cycle, so that the adsorption site was recovered while maintaining the structure of the zeolite. 本研究では，ペレット状ゼオライトに吸着したメチレンブルー（MB）を誘電体バリア放電（DBD）で分解し，ゼオライトを吸着剤と","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86502340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Euglena gracilis which could produce valuable metabolites is considered as promising feedstock for various industrial applications. Growth stimulation of microalgae culture with additives are cost-effective and simple approach to improve its productivity. Effect of vanillin, one of the most abundant phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysate to E. gracilis was investigated. Vanillin showed hormesis effect to E. gracilis, growth promotion at lower concentration but inhibition at higher concentration. At optimal dosage of 10 mg/L vanillin, the biomass production of E. gracilis was enhanced by 36.5% and metabolites content such as chlorophyll, carotenoids also increased. From the high throughput analysis using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, total lipid production will be simultaneously enhanced without sacrificing cell growth.
{"title":"Enhancement of Lipid Production by Euglena gracilis Using Vanillin as a Growth Stimulant","authors":"Xiaomiao Tan, Jiang Zhu, M. Wakisaka","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.127","url":null,"abstract":"Euglena gracilis which could produce valuable metabolites is considered as promising feedstock for various industrial applications. Growth stimulation of microalgae culture with additives are cost-effective and simple approach to improve its productivity. Effect of vanillin, one of the most abundant phenolic compounds from lignocellulosic hydrolysate to E. gracilis was investigated. Vanillin showed hormesis effect to E. gracilis, growth promotion at lower concentration but inhibition at higher concentration. At optimal dosage of 10 mg/L vanillin, the biomass production of E. gracilis was enhanced by 36.5% and metabolites content such as chlorophyll, carotenoids also increased. From the high throughput analysis using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, total lipid production will be simultaneously enhanced without sacrificing cell growth.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89863672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulung Muhammad Sutopo, Erda Rahmilaila Desfitri, F. Hanum, Y. Hayakawa, S. Kambara
The leaching process of arsenic (As) from coal fly ash collected from the coal-fired power plant in Japan was investigated with six different kind of paper sludge ashes (PS ash XA, XB, XC, YA, YB, and YC) as an inhibitor and their mass addition ratio 0 to 30%. To study the arsenic leaching mechanism, thermodynamic calculation (FactSage 7.2) was used to predict the possible As-bearing compounds in the fly ash and its distribution during the combustion and leaching process. The results indicated AlAsO 4 (s) was the most probable species resulting compound from arsenic interaction with fly ash components under the combustion process. PS ash YB containing the highest calcium content shows a considerable immobilization ability for arsenic due to arsenic reaction with calcium compound in the leaching process. CaO in PS ash generates high pH leachate during the leaching process and promotes calcium with arsenic to form a precipitate. The arsenic leaching ratio by thermodynamic calculation and experimental, again PS ah YB, shows the best effect in the arsenic leaching concentration with addition ratio in the range 15-30%. It was found that the arsenic fixation capacity of PS ash increases as the calcium content in PS ash increases because the chemical reaction between calcium compounds and arsenic is accelerated during the leaching process. Predicting arsenic species based on the combustion and leaching process will be useful to choose the best available control technology to minimize the effect of arsenic into the environment.
{"title":"An Experimental and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis on the Leaching Process of Arsenic (As) from Coal Fly Ash","authors":"Ulung Muhammad Sutopo, Erda Rahmilaila Desfitri, F. Hanum, Y. Hayakawa, S. Kambara","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.102","url":null,"abstract":"The leaching process of arsenic (As) from coal fly ash collected from the coal-fired power plant in Japan was investigated with six different kind of paper sludge ashes (PS ash XA, XB, XC, YA, YB, and YC) as an inhibitor and their mass addition ratio 0 to 30%. To study the arsenic leaching mechanism, thermodynamic calculation (FactSage 7.2) was used to predict the possible As-bearing compounds in the fly ash and its distribution during the combustion and leaching process. The results indicated AlAsO 4 (s) was the most probable species resulting compound from arsenic interaction with fly ash components under the combustion process. PS ash YB containing the highest calcium content shows a considerable immobilization ability for arsenic due to arsenic reaction with calcium compound in the leaching process. CaO in PS ash generates high pH leachate during the leaching process and promotes calcium with arsenic to form a precipitate. The arsenic leaching ratio by thermodynamic calculation and experimental, again PS ah YB, shows the best effect in the arsenic leaching concentration with addition ratio in the range 15-30%. It was found that the arsenic fixation capacity of PS ash increases as the calcium content in PS ash increases because the chemical reaction between calcium compounds and arsenic is accelerated during the leaching process. Predicting arsenic species based on the combustion and leaching process will be useful to choose the best available control technology to minimize the effect of arsenic into the environment.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78679947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purichaya Kuptajit, K. Nakagawa, T. Suzuki, N. Sano
A new activation method using a pseudo continuous reactor with microwave-induced plasma is examined to prepare activated carbon. Carbonized carbon gel is mixed with potassium hydroxide before being activated by microwave irradiation. The specific surface area of the product is investigated by varying microwave-retention time. The results show that the activated carbon with specific surface area of 3,054 m 2 g -1 and total pore volume of 1.35 cm 3 g -1 can be obtained within 510 s, although hour-level time is necessary to obtain similar activated carbon if conventional methods are used. Temperature change of the carbon precursor caused by microwave irradiation was measured in batch mode to estimate the temperature at pseudo continuous system based on the retention time. It was found that the retention time to reach 700 ° C of the carbon precursor can be essential factor to achieve high surface area and large pore volume. In addition, the activated carbon synthesized by the proposed method can show an average mass yield percentage of 24.2%, which is much higher than that from conventional methods, 4.5-5.0%. Based on the influence of the microwave retention time, reaction mechanism is discussed. The fast rate and high yield shown here should contribute to energy-saving process.
研究了微波诱导等离子体伪连续反应器制备活性炭的新方法。将碳化后的碳凝胶与氢氧化钾混合，然后用微波辐照活化。通过改变微波保留时间，研究了产物的比表面积。结果表明，在510 s内可制得比表面积为3054 m 2 g -1、总孔体积为1.35 cm 3 g -1的活性炭，而采用常规方法则需要小时级的时间。采用批量方式测量微波辐照下碳前驱体的温度变化，根据保留时间估计准连续体系温度。研究发现，碳前驱体保持时间达到700℃是实现高比表面积和大孔容的关键因素。此外，该方法合成的活性炭平均质量收率为24.2%，远高于常规方法的4.5-5.0%。根据微波保留时间的影响，讨论了反应机理。这里显示的快速速率和高收率应该有助于节能过程。
{"title":"Pseudo Continuous Reactor with Microwave-plasma for Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon","authors":"Purichaya Kuptajit, K. Nakagawa, T. Suzuki, N. Sano","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.110","url":null,"abstract":"A new activation method using a pseudo continuous reactor with microwave-induced plasma is examined to prepare activated carbon. Carbonized carbon gel is mixed with potassium hydroxide before being activated by microwave irradiation. The specific surface area of the product is investigated by varying microwave-retention time. The results show that the activated carbon with specific surface area of 3,054 m 2 g -1 and total pore volume of 1.35 cm 3 g -1 can be obtained within 510 s, although hour-level time is necessary to obtain similar activated carbon if conventional methods are used. Temperature change of the carbon precursor caused by microwave irradiation was measured in batch mode to estimate the temperature at pseudo continuous system based on the retention time. It was found that the retention time to reach 700 ° C of the carbon precursor can be essential factor to achieve high surface area and large pore volume. In addition, the activated carbon synthesized by the proposed method can show an average mass yield percentage of 24.2%, which is much higher than that from conventional methods, 4.5-5.0%. Based on the influence of the microwave retention time, reaction mechanism is discussed. The fast rate and high yield shown here should contribute to energy-saving process.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75142899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emi Hosobuchi, Chiharu Misaki, N. Katayama, K. Dowaki
This study evaluated the use of a fuel-cell-assisted bicycle (H-bike) in bicycle sharing. Two pertinent issues arise. First, the number of start-stops and distance traveled lead to power consumption levels so high that they exceed those of households. Second, the H-bikes are 3 kg heavier than conventional bicycles. Reduction in rolling resistance due to increased tire pressures may afford a solution to these problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether increasing the tire pressure can reduce the amount of energy consumed and eliminate the impact of increased weight. Energy consumption was evaluated with a bicycle-riding experiment; the net impact of increased weight on energy consumption and the environment following the spike in tire pressure was assessed. Life-cycle assessment was performed using the CML model to estimate the abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) and the global warming potential (GWP). Results showed that increasing the tire pressure reduced fuel consumption in bicycle-sharing systems by more than 10%. The 3-kg weight gain did not affect energy consumption, and the ADP and GWP were approximately 10% and 20% lower for the H-bike. Thus, H-bikes have more environmental benefits than conventional bicycles, and considering tire pressure in bicycle sharing makes sense.
{"title":"Impact of Increased Tire Pressure on Fuel Consumption and Environment for Fuel-Cell-Assisted Shared Bicycles","authors":"Emi Hosobuchi, Chiharu Misaki, N. Katayama, K. Dowaki","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.116","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the use of a fuel-cell-assisted bicycle (H-bike) in bicycle sharing. Two pertinent issues arise. First, the number of start-stops and distance traveled lead to power consumption levels so high that they exceed those of households. Second, the H-bikes are 3 kg heavier than conventional bicycles. Reduction in rolling resistance due to increased tire pressures may afford a solution to these problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether increasing the tire pressure can reduce the amount of energy consumed and eliminate the impact of increased weight. Energy consumption was evaluated with a bicycle-riding experiment; the net impact of increased weight on energy consumption and the environment following the spike in tire pressure was assessed. Life-cycle assessment was performed using the CML model to estimate the abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) and the global warming potential (GWP). Results showed that increasing the tire pressure reduced fuel consumption in bicycle-sharing systems by more than 10%. The 3-kg weight gain did not affect energy consumption, and the ADP and GWP were approximately 10% and 20% lower for the H-bike. Thus, H-bikes have more environmental benefits than conventional bicycles, and considering tire pressure in bicycle sharing makes sense.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80854889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wiphada Attaphaiboon, Sutasinee Neramittagapong, S. Theerakulpisut, Arthit Neramittagapong
This work aims to study biofuel production from rice bran oil (RBO) using a hydrocracking reaction over 0.5%Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to find optimal bio-hydrogenated gasoline (BHG) production conditions. The effects of pressure and temperature, including the interaction of the parameters under the constant liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), were determined by the statistical methodology of surface response (RSM). The yields of liquid biofuel products and BHG, as well as BHG selectivity, were used as response values for optimizing BHG production. The results remarkably showed that pressure and temperature significantly influenced BHG production in terms of yield and selectivity. The optimal condition for BHG production was found to be at 516 ° C and 4.8 MPa, with the BHG yield of 44.21%. However, the optimal BHG selectivity was found to be at 532 ° C and 4.4 MPa with a selectivity of 69.74%. Moreover, temperature appeared to be a more dominant parameter on biofuel product yield than the pressure. This parameter had greater effects on both linear and square terms in ANOVA analysis of the biofuel product yield. Furthermore, hydrocracking was discovered to improve the heat of combustion of BHG as compared with the initial feedstock and commercial gasoline. The total acid value of BHG was also found to increase because the reaction could break the ester bond between glycerol and carboxyl groups; thus, free fatty acids were formed, causing the high value of total acid in the sample.
{"title":"Optimization of Bio-Hydrogenated Gasoline Production from Rice Bran Oil via Catalytic Hydrocracking over Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst","authors":"Wiphada Attaphaiboon, Sutasinee Neramittagapong, S. Theerakulpisut, Arthit Neramittagapong","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.152","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to study biofuel production from rice bran oil (RBO) using a hydrocracking reaction over 0.5%Pd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to find optimal bio-hydrogenated gasoline (BHG) production conditions. The effects of pressure and temperature, including the interaction of the parameters under the constant liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), were determined by the statistical methodology of surface response (RSM). The yields of liquid biofuel products and BHG, as well as BHG selectivity, were used as response values for optimizing BHG production. The results remarkably showed that pressure and temperature significantly influenced BHG production in terms of yield and selectivity. The optimal condition for BHG production was found to be at 516 ° C and 4.8 MPa, with the BHG yield of 44.21%. However, the optimal BHG selectivity was found to be at 532 ° C and 4.4 MPa with a selectivity of 69.74%. Moreover, temperature appeared to be a more dominant parameter on biofuel product yield than the pressure. This parameter had greater effects on both linear and square terms in ANOVA analysis of the biofuel product yield. Furthermore, hydrocracking was discovered to improve the heat of combustion of BHG as compared with the initial feedstock and commercial gasoline. The total acid value of BHG was also found to increase because the reaction could break the ester bond between glycerol and carboxyl groups; thus, free fatty acids were formed, causing the high value of total acid in the sample.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91212315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The novel and facile multi-stage method was used for the preparation of nanocellulose from cassava bagasse in Vietnam. Firstly, the cassava bagasse was treated with sodium hydroxide solution followed by chlorine dioxide bleaching for obtaining cellulose pulp with a brightness of 82% ISO. Secondly, the obtained bleached cellulosic pulp was achieved with a dilute sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide followed by purification and refining for obtaining nanocellulose. The following optimal conditions of the acidic treatment with adding of hydrogen peroxide for isolation of nanocellulose were proposed: concentration of hydrogen peroxide 0.1 wt.%, the concentration of sulfuric acid 0.25 wt. %, liquor to cellulose ratio 20 to 1, temperature 110 ° C, time 100 min. The characteristics of nanocellulose were studied by SEM, FTIR, and XRD.
{"title":"Nanocellulose Preparation from Cassava Bagasse via Hydrolysis by Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Medium","authors":"Le Quang Dien, T. K. Anh","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.135","url":null,"abstract":"The novel and facile multi-stage method was used for the preparation of nanocellulose from cassava bagasse in Vietnam. Firstly, the cassava bagasse was treated with sodium hydroxide solution followed by chlorine dioxide bleaching for obtaining cellulose pulp with a brightness of 82% ISO. Secondly, the obtained bleached cellulosic pulp was achieved with a dilute sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide followed by purification and refining for obtaining nanocellulose. The following optimal conditions of the acidic treatment with adding of hydrogen peroxide for isolation of nanocellulose were proposed: concentration of hydrogen peroxide 0.1 wt.%, the concentration of sulfuric acid 0.25 wt. %, liquor to cellulose ratio 20 to 1, temperature 110 ° C, time 100 min. The characteristics of nanocellulose were studied by SEM, FTIR, and XRD.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74841240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryo Niwano, Hiroki Hondo, Yue Moriizumi, K. Tahara
The present study assesses life cycle CO 2 (LCCO 2 ) reduction costs of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems with combined use of deep sea water by area considering the natural and social conditions in different areas of Japan. This study considers sea surface temperature, climate, region scale, type of grid power and location as regional conditions. The assessment reveals that the LCCO 2 reduction cost greatly varies from 860 to 323,000 [JPY/t-CO 2 ] depending on the areas. Areas where LCCO 2 reduction costs are less than 30,000 [JPY/t-CO 2 ] are the medium and large scale remote islands of Okinawa, the Okinawa main island, the large-scale remote islands of Kyushu, and the large-scale remote islands of Shikoku, where the installation of OTEC systems are promising. There are the two main reasons for the small LCCO 2 reduction costs in these areas; first, the amount of power generation is large because of the low latitude. Second, the effect of combined use of deep sea water is large because these areas have large cooling demand due to the low latitude or the large regional scale.
{"title":"Potential Installation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Systems with Combined Use of Deep Sea Water","authors":"Ryo Niwano, Hiroki Hondo, Yue Moriizumi, K. Tahara","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.73","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assesses life cycle CO 2 (LCCO 2 ) reduction costs of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems with combined use of deep sea water by area considering the natural and social conditions in different areas of Japan. This study considers sea surface temperature, climate, region scale, type of grid power and location as regional conditions. The assessment reveals that the LCCO 2 reduction cost greatly varies from 860 to 323,000 [JPY/t-CO 2 ] depending on the areas. Areas where LCCO 2 reduction costs are less than 30,000 [JPY/t-CO 2 ] are the medium and large scale remote islands of Okinawa, the Okinawa main island, the large-scale remote islands of Kyushu, and the large-scale remote islands of Shikoku, where the installation of OTEC systems are promising. There are the two main reasons for the small LCCO 2 reduction costs in these areas; first, the amount of power generation is large because of the low latitude. Second, the effect of combined use of deep sea water is large because these areas have large cooling demand due to the low latitude or the large regional scale.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78561690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Matsushita, Ryoma Ozawa, Shota Akaotsu, Yoshiya Matsukawa, Y. Saito, H. Aoki, W. Malalasekera
To evaluate characteristics of the Flamelet/Progress-Variable approach (FPV) and Flamelet-Generated Manifolds method which can consider a detailed chemical reaction mechanism, a combustion simulation was performed in a laminar counter-flow diffusion flame. While the numerical solutions of the FPV reproduced the measurements and almost completely agreed with those of the detailed chemical reaction mechanism, the numerical solutions of the FGM method overpredicted the measurements of CO mole fraction and underpredicted the ones of CO2 especially in fuel-rich region, and differed from those of the detailed chemical reaction mechanism. This is because the flamelet table of the FGM indicates the state close to chemical equilibrium and overpredicts dissociation of CO2 when the combustion reaction sufficiently progresses.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Flamelet/Progress-Variable Approach and Flamelet-Generated Manifolds Method in Laminar Counter-Flow Diffusion Flame","authors":"Y. Matsushita, Ryoma Ozawa, Shota Akaotsu, Yoshiya Matsukawa, Y. Saito, H. Aoki, W. Malalasekera","doi":"10.3775/jie.100.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.100.83","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate characteristics of the Flamelet/Progress-Variable approach (FPV) and Flamelet-Generated Manifolds method which can consider a detailed chemical reaction mechanism, a combustion simulation was performed in a laminar counter-flow diffusion flame. While the numerical solutions of the FPV reproduced the measurements and almost completely agreed with those of the detailed chemical reaction mechanism, the numerical solutions of the FGM method overpredicted the measurements of CO mole fraction and underpredicted the ones of CO2 especially in fuel-rich region, and differed from those of the detailed chemical reaction mechanism. This is because the flamelet table of the FGM indicates the state close to chemical equilibrium and overpredicts dissociation of CO2 when the combustion reaction sufficiently progresses.","PeriodicalId":17318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Institute of Energy","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73960218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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