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Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education最新文献

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Searching for Early Developmental Activities Leading to Computational Thinking Skills 寻找导致计算思维能力的早期发展活动
Q. Cutts, Peter Donaldson, Elizabeth Cole, B. Alshaigy, Mirela Gutica, Arto Hellas, Edurne Larraza-Mendiluze, R. McCartney, E. Patitsas, Charles Riedesel
Drawing on the long debate about whether computer science (CS) and computational thinking skills are innate or learnable, this working group is based on the following hypothesis: The apparent innate ability of some CS learners who succeed in CS courses despite no prior exposure to computing is a manifestation of early childhood experiences and learning outside formal education.
关于计算机科学(CS)和计算思维技能是天生的还是可学习的长期争论,该工作组基于以下假设:一些计算机科学学习者在计算机科学课程中取得成功,尽管之前没有接触过计算机,但他们明显的天生能力是早期儿童经历和正规教育之外学习的表现。
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引用次数: 0
Courseware: HFOSS Project Evaluation 课件:HFOSS项目评估
H. Ellis, G. Hislop, Darci Burdge
1. Many instructors are excited by the potential learning that occurs via student participation in Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects. However, one of the main challenges for instructors desiring to support such participation is identifying an appropriate project. There are a vast number of HFOSS projects with varying sizes, complexities, domains and community cultures. This presentation describes a guided approach to evaluating an HFOSS project for someone trying to pick a project to which they will contribute. The activity is designed with particular attention to instructors who need to identify an HFOSS project that they will use in a class. The characteristics evaluated include the pattern of contributions, pattern of commits, programming languages used, and more. This activity uses OpenMRS as a sample project to evaluate.
1. 许多教师对学生参与人道主义自由和开源软件(HFOSS)项目所产生的潜在学习感到兴奋。然而,希望支持这种参与的教员面临的主要挑战之一是确定一个适当的项目。有大量不同规模、复杂性、领域和社区文化的HFOSS项目。本文介绍了一种评估HFOSS项目的指导方法,以帮助那些试图选择他们将为之做出贡献的项目的人。该活动的设计特别关注那些需要确定他们将在课堂上使用的HFOSS项目的教师。评估的特征包括贡献模式、提交模式、使用的编程语言等等。该活动使用OpenMRS作为示例项目进行评估。
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引用次数: 2
Developing Assessments to Determine Mastery of Programming Fundamentals 开发评估以确定对编程基础的掌握
Andrew Luxton-Reilly, Brett A. Becker, Yingjun Cao, R. Mcdermott, C. Mirolo, A. Mühling, Andrew Petersen, Kate Sanders, Simon, Jacqueline L. Whalley
Current CS1 learning outcomes are relatively general, specifying tasks such as designing, implementing, testing and debugging programs that use some fundamental programming constructs. These outcomes impact what we teach, our expectations, and our assessments. Although prior work has demonstrated the utility of single concept assessments, most assessments used in formal examinations combine numerous heterogeneous concepts, resulting in complex and difficult tasks. The exclusive use of these traditional assessments results in two major problems. Firstly, teachers who are administering the assessments find it difficult to quantify what students are struggling with. A program that fails to compile or fails to pass test cases provides little information about what a student can successfully achieve. Secondly, it deprives the students of feedback about what they do know and what they can achieve, which we know is one of the most significant factors that influence student learning. Our traditional compound assessment tasks limit the nature and quality of feedback to teachers and students alike, and may contribute to the perceived difficulty and high drop out rates observed in introductory programming courses. This working group aims to decompose existing CS1 learning outcomes into their component parts, and develop assessment items focused on these individual components. We aim to create exemplar assessments that may be used for formative or summative feedback on student understanding of specific components of programming knowledge. Focusing on independent components of programming increases opportunities for students to demonstrate what they can achieve, and may improve diagnosis of student difficulties. It is likely that this project would be of particular relevance to teachers and researchers interested in mastery learning, or those who wish to demonstrate tight coupling between learning outcomes and assessment tasks. It may also be of relevance to teachers and researchers interested in promoting a more positive mindset in the classroom, focusing on what students do know and what they can achieve during a typical CS1 course.
目前CS1的学习成果相对比较笼统,指定了使用一些基本编程结构的程序的设计、实现、测试和调试等任务。这些结果会影响我们的教学、我们的期望和我们的评估。虽然先前的工作已经证明了单一概念评估的效用,但在正式考试中使用的大多数评估结合了许多异质概念,导致复杂和困难的任务。只使用这些传统的评估方法会产生两个主要问题。首先,负责评估的老师发现很难量化学生在哪些方面遇到了困难。一个不能编译或者不能通过测试用例的程序提供的信息很少,不能说明一个学生能成功完成什么。其次,它剥夺了学生对他们所知道的和他们可以实现的反馈,我们知道这是影响学生学习的最重要的因素之一。我们传统的复合评估任务限制了对教师和学生反馈的性质和质量,并且可能导致在入门编程课程中观察到的感知困难和高辍学率。该工作组旨在将现有CS1学习成果分解为其组成部分,并针对这些组成部分开发评估项目。我们的目标是创建范例评估,可用于形成性或总结性反馈,以了解学生对编程知识的特定组成部分的理解。专注于编程的独立组件增加了学生展示他们可以实现的机会,并可能提高对学生困难的诊断。对于对掌握学习感兴趣的教师和研究人员,或者那些希望证明学习成果和评估任务之间紧密耦合的人来说,这个项目可能特别相关。它也可能与教师和研究人员有关,他们对在课堂上促进更积极的心态感兴趣,关注学生在典型的CS1课程中所知道的和他们能取得的成就。
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引用次数: 29
Silence, Words, or Grades: The Effects of Lecturer Feedback in Multi-Revision Assignments 沉默,言语,还是成绩:讲师反馈在多重复习作业中的作用
Claudia Szabo, Nickolas J. G. Falkner
Detailed in-depth feedback on programming assignments is beneficial because it identifies specific software design and development aspects that students can improve on. For the feedback to be effective, it is important that students are given the opportunity to address the feedback in a timely manner. However, detailed in-depth feedback often needs to be manually written by the lecturer or marker, especially for large and complex final year assignments where automated test suites are difficult to implement, introducing potential delay in providing the feedback. Following existing work, we propose a two-stage assignment design where students receive feedback on their final submission and are then given the opportunity to address the feedback. We analyse 147 assignment submissions and show that this assignment design improves assignment marks when compared to a single-stage submission, with failure rates dropping by up to 30%. To determine the impact of in-depth detailed feedback, we compare the learning outcomes across two years where students taking the two-stage assignment were given either detailed feedback or simple feedback consisting of component marks at the initial stage. We show the benefits of both approaches and analyse the potential advantages of providing more costly, manual feedback.
关于编程作业的详细深入的反馈是有益的,因为它确定了学生可以改进的特定软件设计和开发方面。为了使反馈有效,重要的是给学生及时处理反馈的机会。然而,详细的深度反馈通常需要由讲师或阅卷员手工编写,特别是对于大型和复杂的期末作业,其中自动化测试套件很难实现,在提供反馈方面引入了潜在的延迟。根据现有的工作,我们提出了一个两阶段的作业设计,学生在他们的最终提交中收到反馈,然后有机会解决反馈。我们分析了147份作业提交,结果表明,与单阶段提交相比,这种作业设计提高了作业分数,不良率下降了30%。为了确定深入的详细反馈的影响,我们比较了两年来的学习成果,在两阶段的任务中,学生在初始阶段获得了详细的反馈或由组成部分的分数组成的简单反馈。我们展示了这两种方法的好处,并分析了提供更昂贵的手动反馈的潜在优势。
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引用次数: 4
On the Educational Impact of Lecture Recording Reduction: Evidence from a Randomised Trial 讲座录音减少对教育的影响:来自随机试验的证据
M. A. Scott, G. Ghinea
Students often use lecture recordings to learn and revise. This approach, however, demands time to locate and review relevant topics. The automatic reduction and indexing of lecture recordings, then, could focus students' attention on the most relevant content. This article investigates whether lecture recording reduction leads to improved learning outcomes on an undergraduate computer networking module. Students participated in a randomised trial which compared lightly edited full lecture recordings to those that had been significantly reduced in duration and indexed. A pre-test conducted after the initial lecture series was followed up with a post-test after several weeks of using the recordings. The results show a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of perceived effort. However, only the students with little prior knowledge showed a statistically significant difference in learning outcome in favour of the reduced lecture recordings. Moderating factors, such as prior knowledge, warrant further research to help elicit guidelines to inform the design and deployment of future lecture video reduction approaches.
学生经常使用课堂录音来学习和复习。然而,这种方法需要时间来定位和审查相关的主题。因此,讲座录音的自动还原和索引可以将学生的注意力集中在最相关的内容上。本文研究了减少讲座录音是否会提高本科计算机网络模块的学习效果。学生们参加了一项随机试验,将稍微编辑过的完整讲座录音与那些时长明显缩短并编入索引的讲座录音进行比较。在最初的系列讲座之后进行了一次预测试,在使用录音几周后进行了一次后测。结果显示,在感知努力方面,两组之间存在统计学上的显著差异。然而,只有先前知识很少的学生在学习结果上表现出统计学上的显著差异,有利于减少讲座录音。调节因素,如先验知识,需要进一步的研究,以帮助引出指导方针,为未来讲座视频缩减方法的设计和部署提供信息。
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引用次数: 1
Integrating International Students into Computer Science Programs: Challenges and Strategies for Success 将国际学生纳入计算机科学课程:成功的挑战和策略
M. Oudshoorn, A. Clear, J. Carter, Joseph A. Abandoh-Sam, Christabel Gonsalvez, L. Hitchcock, Shoba Ittyipe, Aparna Mahadev, Janice L. Pearce
International students are an important and desirable constituent in most computer science programs. These students help to enrich the programs, bring new perspectives into the classroom, diversify the student population, globalize the curriculum, broaden the perspective of domestic students, and generate revenue for the host institution. Each of these characteristics is desirable and increasingly important in today's highly connected world and job market. Most institutions invest resources in attracting international students and provide orientation sessions for them on arrival to help acclimate them to the new environment and to introduce them to other students. There are often clubs to provide support groups and social functions to help them meet and make friends with domestic students. However, challenges for international students, and for the faculty teaching them, persist at many institutions despite these efforts to help international students deal with culture shock, differing academic expectations and teaching methods, and different attitudes toward issues such as plagiarism.
在大多数计算机科学课程中,国际学生是一个重要的和理想的组成部分。这些学生丰富了课程,为课堂带来了新的视角,使学生群体多样化,课程全球化,拓宽了国内学生的视野,并为主办机构创造了收入。在当今高度互联的世界和就业市场上,这些特点都是可取的,而且越来越重要。大多数学校都投入资源来吸引国际学生,并为他们提供入学指导,帮助他们适应新环境,并将他们介绍给其他学生。经常有俱乐部提供支持小组和社交活动,帮助他们与国内学生见面和交朋友。然而,尽管许多机构努力帮助国际学生应对文化冲击,不同的学术期望和教学方法,以及对抄袭等问题的不同态度,但国际学生和教授他们的教师面临的挑战仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
International Perspectives on CS Teacher Formation and Professional Development 计算机科学教师形成与专业发展的国际视角
F. Maiorana, Miles G. Berry, Mark Nelson, Chery Lucarelli, Margot Phillipps, Shitanshu Mishra, A. Benassi
Drawing on Mishra and Koehler's "TPACK" model [1], we recognize that great Computer Science (CS) teaching demands great pedagogy, great technology skills and great subject knowledge. The main challenge facing any jurisdiction in implementing a CS curriculum within schools is the shortage of new teachers being trained in CS and to meet the demand many countries have focused on professional development (PD) for existing teachers across a diverse range of subjects. Some initial PD efforts in CS were often brief, with little follow-on support, and supported through external grant funding. This created challenges and opportunities for teacher PD in CS. As the need for CS at the K-12 level continues to grow, approaches should be sustainable and scalable. This includes preparing teachers at all levels, pre k-12, while they are still learning to be teachers and some funding initiatives have included preservice teacher support as part of this [2]. Inside the European Union (EU) the Scientix project [3] represents a focus European Commission (EC) funded projects and is a repository for PD with resources for pedagogy, technology and subject knowledge. Besides this effort, spreading CS knowledge has been supported by volunteers led movements like CoderDojo. The panelists will discuss the following main topics: 1) Pre-service vs in-service, where do teachers come from? 2) Interdisciplinary ways of infusing CS. 3) Ways of replicating across countries CS teacher training initiatives aimed at sustaining and growing the number and quality of both in-service and pre-service teachers able to teach CS effectively. 4) Effective approaches to help teachers to build confidence in their ability to teach Computer Science (CS)
根据Mishra和Koehler的“TPACK”模型b[1],我们认识到优秀的计算机科学(CS)教学需要出色的教学法、出色的技术技能和出色的学科知识。在学校实施计算机科学课程时,任何司法管辖区面临的主要挑战是缺乏受过计算机科学培训的新教师,为了满足许多国家对现有教师在不同学科领域的专业发展(PD)的需求。在CS中,一些最初的PD工作通常是短暂的,几乎没有后续支持,并通过外部赠款资金支持。这给CS的教师PD带来了挑战和机遇。随着K-12阶段对计算机科学的需求不断增长,方法应该是可持续的和可扩展的。这包括为所有级别的教师做好准备,在他们仍在学习成为教师的时候,一些资助计划包括职前教师支持,作为该bbb的一部分。在欧盟(EU)内部,Scientix项目[3]代表了欧洲委员会(EC)资助的重点项目,是PD的资源库,其中包含教育学、技术和学科知识资源。除此之外,传播计算机科学知识还得到了志愿者领导的CoderDojo等运动的支持。小组成员将讨论以下主题:1)职前与在职,教师从何而来?2)跨学科的CS注入方式。3)各国CS教师培训计划的复制方式,旨在维持和提高能够有效教授CS的在职和职前教师的数量和质量。4)有效的方法帮助教师建立对自己教授计算机科学(CS)能力的信心
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引用次数: 9
Yellow and Red Cards to Deal with Hitchhiking in Groups 处理团体搭便车的黄牌和红牌
H. Koppelman
The idea is to give the students of a group some control over the behavior of fellow members, by providing them with a standard way to handle non-performance. Being given a yellow card results for the involved student in a known penalty, which can be cancelled after improved performance.
这个想法是通过为学生提供一种处理不表现的标准方法,让他们对其他成员的行为有一定的控制。在已知的处罚中,被罚黄牌的学生可以在表现改善后取消黄牌。
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引用次数: 0
UNIXvisual: A Visualization Tool for Teaching UNIX Permissions UNIXvisual:一个用于教授UNIX权限的可视化工具
Man Wang, Jean Mayo, Ching-Kuang Shene, S. Carr, Chaoli Wang
UNIXvisual is a user-level visualization tool designed to facilitate the study and teaching of access control in UNIX. UNIXvisual is aimed at both novice users, who need only to control access to their own files, and students of computer security, who need a deeper and more comprehensive understanding. The system allows students to analyze permission settings in the underlying real file system, as well as in a combination of real and pseudo file systems defined through a specification file. It also allows a student to trace the value and effect of credentials within an executing process. UNIXvisual gives instructors flexibility in the allocation of lecture time by supporting self-study, lowers the overhead required for teaching access control by running under an ordinary user account, and enhances learning through the use of visualization. We also present the results of an evaluation of UNIXvisual within a junior-level course on concurrent computing. The evaluation indicated that UNIXvisual helped students understand UNIX permissions and enhanced the course coverage of UNIX permissions, regardless of their prior UNIX experience.
UNIXvisual是一个用户级可视化工具,旨在方便UNIX访问控制的学习和教学。UNIXvisual既针对只需要控制对自己文件的访问的新手用户,也针对需要更深入、更全面了解的计算机安全专业的学生。该系统允许学生分析底层真实文件系统中的权限设置,以及通过规范文件定义的真实文件系统和伪文件系统的组合。它还允许学生在执行过程中跟踪凭证的值和效果。UNIXvisual通过支持自学,使教师在分配讲课时间方面具有灵活性,通过在普通用户帐户下运行,降低了教学访问控制所需的开销,并通过使用可视化增强了学习效果。我们还介绍了在一门关于并发计算的初级课程中对UNIXvisual的评估结果。评估表明,UNIXvisual帮助学生理解UNIX权限,并增强了UNIX权限的课程覆盖范围,而不管他们之前是否有UNIX经验。
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引用次数: 4
Bridging the Gap Between Desired and Actual Qualifications of Teaching Assistants: An Experience Report 弥合助教期望与实际资格之间的差距:一份经验报告
Francisco J. Estrada, Anya Tafliovich
We report on our experience implementing a Teaching Assistant Training Program for Computer Science Teaching Assistants. The program is rooted in the well-established Instructional Skills Workshop's principles and methodologies. We describe the structure of the program, reflect on its successes, and discuss future expansion of, and improvements to the program.
我们报告了我们实施计算机科学助教助教培训计划的经验。该计划植根于完善的教学技能研讨会的原则和方法。我们描述了该计划的结构,反思了它的成功,并讨论了该计划的未来扩展和改进。
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引用次数: 21
期刊
Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education
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