Evaluation of twenty-three genotypes of M. latifolia was carried out based on relationship of seed traits with initial progeny growth performance and divergence studies as a scope for further breeding programme. Variability studies revealed that, more than twelve accessions recorded above average for 100-seed weight (247.5 ± 49.2), oil content (43.8 ± 3.7) and volume index (346.0 ± 97.7). The maximum values observed in studied CPTs were as follows: seed length (39.1 mm) in CPT-15 genotype, seed breadth (19.2 mm) in CPT–8 and CPT–9, aspect ratio (2.2) in CPT-6 and CPT-15, 2D surface area (501.4 and 491.6 mm 2 ) in CPT-9 and CPT-3 respectively. CPT–16 recorded maximum for 100 seed weight (282.4 g) and oil content (51.2%). However, maximum volume index was recorded by CPT–3 (578.3 cm 3 ) followed by CPT–16 (496.0 cm 3 ). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations are close to each other for all traits, except volume index that exhibited striking difference between PCV (40.0%) and GCV (19.9%) indicating that for most traits genetic control was quite high. Trait oil content and 100 seed weight expressed high heritability (93.5%, 93.0%) accompanied with moderate genetic advance (17.2%, 15.6%), indicating that, heritability is due to additive gene effects and selection may be effective. At genotypic level 100 seed weight registered positive significant correlation with height (0.73) and seed breadth, oil content with volume index (0.55, 0.71). Hence seeds with large breadth, high seed weight and oil content may be selected for producing better progenies. Since traits viz. 100 seed weight and oil content are under strong genetic control, improvement in these characters can bring improvement in volume index. On the basis of the divergence, the 23 genotypes studied were grouped into 5 clusters, indicating wide diversity. The clustering pattern shows that geographical diversity is not necessarily related to genetic diversity. The genotypes in cluster IV and V were most heterogeneous and can be best used for within group hybridization. Cluster means indicated crosses involving under cluster II and V and cluster II and I may result in substantial segregates and further selection for overall improvement of species.
根据种子性状与子代初始生长性能的关系和差异研究，对23个基因型进行了评价，为进一步育种规划提供依据。变异研究表明，超过12份材料的百粒重(247.5±49.2)、含油量(43.8±3.7)和体积指数(346.0±97.7)均高于平均值。CPT-15基因型的种子长度(39.1 mm)、CPT-8和CPT-9基因型的种子宽度(19.2 mm)、CPT-6和CPT-15基因型的长径比(2.2 mm)、CPT-9和CPT-3基因型的2D比表面积(501.4和491.6 mm)最大。CPT-16的百粒重(282.4 g)和含油量(51.2%)最高。CPT-3的体积指数最高(578.3 cm 3)，其次是CPT-16 (496.0 cm 3)。除体积指数在PCV和GCV之间差异显著(40.0%)外，其余性状的表型和基因型变异系数均接近，说明大部分性状的遗传控制程度较高。性状含油量和百粒重表现出较高的遗传力(93.5%、93.0%)和中等的遗传先进性(17.2%、15.6%)，说明遗传力是加性基因作用的结果，选择可能是有效的。在基因型水平上，百粒重与种高(0.73)、种宽(0.55)、含油量与体积指数(0.71)呈显著正相关。因此，可以选择宽、重、含油量大的种子来生产较好的后代。由于百粒重和含油量等性状受遗传控制较强，因此对这些性状的改良可带来体积指数的提高。在此基础上，将23个基因型划分为5个聚类，显示出广泛的多样性。聚类模式表明地理多样性与遗传多样性并不一定相关。聚类IV和聚类V的基因型异质性最大，最适合组内杂交。聚类均值表明，聚类II和聚类V以及聚类II和聚类I下的杂交可能导致大量的分离和进一步的选择，从而促进物种的整体改良。
{"title":"Relationship of seed traits on initial progeny growth performance and divergence studies in Madhuca latifolia Macb. for further use in tree improvement","authors":"BN Divakara","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1059","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of twenty-three genotypes of M. latifolia was carried out based on relationship of seed traits with initial progeny growth performance and divergence studies as a scope for further breeding programme. Variability studies revealed that, more than twelve accessions recorded above average for 100-seed weight (247.5 ± 49.2), oil content (43.8 ± 3.7) and volume index (346.0 ± 97.7). The maximum values observed in studied CPTs were as follows: seed length (39.1 mm) in CPT-15 genotype, seed breadth (19.2 mm) in CPT–8 and CPT–9, aspect ratio (2.2) in CPT-6 and CPT-15, 2D surface area (501.4 and 491.6 mm 2 ) in CPT-9 and CPT-3 respectively. CPT–16 recorded maximum for 100 seed weight (282.4 g) and oil content (51.2%). However, maximum volume index was recorded by CPT–3 (578.3 cm 3 ) followed by CPT–16 (496.0 cm 3 ). The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations are close to each other for all traits, except volume index that exhibited striking difference between PCV (40.0%) and GCV (19.9%) indicating that for most traits genetic control was quite high. Trait oil content and 100 seed weight expressed high heritability (93.5%, 93.0%) accompanied with moderate genetic advance (17.2%, 15.6%), indicating that, heritability is due to additive gene effects and selection may be effective. At genotypic level 100 seed weight registered positive significant correlation with height (0.73) and seed breadth, oil content with volume index (0.55, 0.71). Hence seeds with large breadth, high seed weight and oil content may be selected for producing better progenies. Since traits viz. 100 seed weight and oil content are under strong genetic control, improvement in these characters can bring improvement in volume index. On the basis of the divergence, the 23 genotypes studied were grouped into 5 clusters, indicating wide diversity. The clustering pattern shows that geographical diversity is not necessarily related to genetic diversity. The genotypes in cluster IV and V were most heterogeneous and can be best used for within group hybridization. Cluster means indicated crosses involving under cluster II and V and cluster II and I may result in substantial segregates and further selection for overall improvement of species.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73484533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. O. Amusa, S. O. Jimoh, I. Azeez, Ro Awodoin, I. Kareem
Despite the huge socio-economic potentials of the African walnut, Plukenetia conophora Mull-Arg, there is a dearth of information on stock density and yield studies under different site conditions. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the stock density and fruit yields of P. conophora in three different habitats (i.e. less disturbed natural forest, recently disturbed natural forest and plantation forest) within Omo Forest Reserve (OFR) and Shasha Forest Reserve (SFR) of Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to carry out inventory survey. Fruit yields were determined by collecting fruit falls through double sampling approach. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data at P = 0.05. Stock densities of P. conophora were 5.33 + 1.7stands/ha, 14.67 + 2.05stands/ha and 16.00 + 2.94stands/ha in OFR, while they were 7.33 + 0.47stands/ha, 14.67 + 1.25stands/ha and 10.67 + 04.7stands/ha in SFR for recently disturbed forest, less disturbed forest and plantation forest respectively. There were significant differences in number and distribution of species by forest types, but not between forest reserves. The mean yield of P. conophora /ha/yr was estimated at 7,800.00kg for OFR and 6,534.00kg for SFR. Yields from plantation area contributed more in OFR, while yields from less disturbed natural forest area were higher in SFR. Yields from recently disturbed natural forest were consistently lower in the two reserves. These results show that P. conophora thrives better in plantation and old re-growth forests. This information is pertinent towards improving the management of the species, increase its productivity and enhance benefits in a more sustainable manner to the rural populace.
{"title":"Stock density and fruit yield of African walnut, Plukenetia conophora Mull-Arg (Syn. Tetracarpidium conophorum) in tropical lowland rainforests of southwest Nigeria","authors":"T. O. Amusa, S. O. Jimoh, I. Azeez, Ro Awodoin, I. Kareem","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.2036","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the huge socio-economic potentials of the African walnut, Plukenetia conophora Mull-Arg, there is a dearth of information on stock density and yield studies under different site conditions. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the stock density and fruit yields of P. conophora in three different habitats (i.e. less disturbed natural forest, recently disturbed natural forest and plantation forest) within Omo Forest Reserve (OFR) and Shasha Forest Reserve (SFR) of Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to carry out inventory survey. Fruit yields were determined by collecting fruit falls through double sampling approach. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data at P = 0.05. Stock densities of P. conophora were 5.33 + 1.7stands/ha, 14.67 + 2.05stands/ha and 16.00 + 2.94stands/ha in OFR, while they were 7.33 + 0.47stands/ha, 14.67 + 1.25stands/ha and 10.67 + 04.7stands/ha in SFR for recently disturbed forest, less disturbed forest and plantation forest respectively. There were significant differences in number and distribution of species by forest types, but not between forest reserves. The mean yield of P. conophora /ha/yr was estimated at 7,800.00kg for OFR and 6,534.00kg for SFR. Yields from plantation area contributed more in OFR, while yields from less disturbed natural forest area were higher in SFR. Yields from recently disturbed natural forest were consistently lower in the two reserves. These results show that P. conophora thrives better in plantation and old re-growth forests. This information is pertinent towards improving the management of the species, increase its productivity and enhance benefits in a more sustainable manner to the rural populace.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81253336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancement of carbon storage through the establishment of man-made forests has been considered as a mitigation option to reduce increasing atmospheric CO 2 levels. Therefore the present study was carried out to estimate the biomass and carbon storages of the main stem of Eucalyptus grandis using allometric relationships using the plantations of Nuwara Eliya and Badulla districts. Tree diameter and total were measured for the samples trees and stem volume was estimated using a previously built individual model for the same species. Stem biomass was estimated using core samples and carbon was determined using Walkley-Black method. Finally the biomass values were converted separately to the carbon values. Non-liner regression analysis was employed for the construction of models which had age as the explanatory variable. Linear regression was used in order to build the models to predict the above ground and stem biomass and carbon using volume as the explanatory variable. For both linear and non-linear types, the model quality was tested using R 2 and fitted line plots. According to the results, stem biomass and carbon values at the 7 th year were 110.8 kg and 68.7 kg respectively. Stem biomass and carbon values at the 40 th year were 1,095.8 kg and 679.4 kg respectively. The carbon content at the age 20 was 62.0% from the stem biomass. Exponential models were proven to be better than the logistic models to predict the diameter, height, stem volume, biomass and carbon with age. R 2 values and the fitted line plots indicated that the selected models are of high quality. Linear models built to predict the stem biomass and carbon using stem volume also showed the high accuracy of these models which had R 2 values above 97.9%.
{"title":"Construction of allometric relationships to predict growth parameters, stem biomass and carbon of Eucalyptus grandis growing in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Subasinghe","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1850","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancement of carbon storage through the establishment of man-made forests has been considered as a mitigation option to reduce increasing atmospheric CO 2 levels. Therefore the present study was carried out to estimate the biomass and carbon storages of the main stem of Eucalyptus grandis using allometric relationships using the plantations of Nuwara Eliya and Badulla districts. Tree diameter and total were measured for the samples trees and stem volume was estimated using a previously built individual model for the same species. Stem biomass was estimated using core samples and carbon was determined using Walkley-Black method. Finally the biomass values were converted separately to the carbon values. Non-liner regression analysis was employed for the construction of models which had age as the explanatory variable. Linear regression was used in order to build the models to predict the above ground and stem biomass and carbon using volume as the explanatory variable. For both linear and non-linear types, the model quality was tested using R 2 and fitted line plots. According to the results, stem biomass and carbon values at the 7 th year were 110.8 kg and 68.7 kg respectively. Stem biomass and carbon values at the 40 th year were 1,095.8 kg and 679.4 kg respectively. The carbon content at the age 20 was 62.0% from the stem biomass. Exponential models were proven to be better than the logistic models to predict the diameter, height, stem volume, biomass and carbon with age. R 2 values and the fitted line plots indicated that the selected models are of high quality. Linear models built to predict the stem biomass and carbon using stem volume also showed the high accuracy of these models which had R 2 values above 97.9%.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79038388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The volatile constituents of the essential oil and absolute of Nyctanthes arbortristis L. flowers grown in Sri Lanka were investigated. Hydro-distillation and solvent extraction were used to obtain the essential oil and the absolute respectively. The volatile samples were analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. This study led to the identification of 48 chemical constituents of the essential oil and 4 in the absolute. The essential oil composition was dominated by phytol (32.2 %) and methyl palmitate (14.7 %). Other well-known volatile constituents such as linalool (0.8 %), eucarvone (0.9 %), phytone (1.4 %), nonadecane (2.3 %), methyl myristate (1.1 %), cis-9-tricosene (3.6 %), n-pentacosane (1.6 %) and geranylgeraniol (2.7 %) were also identified in the essential oil. The absolute was dominated by butyl acetate (80.8 %) followed by phenethyl acetate (1.7 %), linalool oxide (1.4 %) and 2-butoxyethyl acetate (1.4 %).
{"title":"Determination of Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil and Absolute of Nyctanthes arbortristis L. Flowers Grown in Sri Lanka","authors":"Vs Siriwardena, L. Arambewela","doi":"10.31357/jtfe.v4i2.1853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v4i2.1853","url":null,"abstract":"The volatile constituents of the essential oil and absolute of Nyctanthes arbortristis L. flowers grown in Sri Lanka were investigated. Hydro-distillation and solvent extraction were used to obtain the essential oil and the absolute respectively. The volatile samples were analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. This study led to the identification of 48 chemical constituents of the essential oil and 4 in the absolute. The essential oil composition was dominated by phytol (32.2 %) and methyl palmitate (14.7 %). Other well-known volatile constituents such as linalool (0.8 %), eucarvone (0.9 %), phytone (1.4 %), nonadecane (2.3 %), methyl myristate (1.1 %), cis-9-tricosene (3.6 %), n-pentacosane (1.6 %) and geranylgeraniol (2.7 %) were also identified in the essential oil. The absolute was dominated by butyl acetate (80.8 %) followed by phenethyl acetate (1.7 %), linalool oxide (1.4 %) and 2-butoxyethyl acetate (1.4 %).","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77431863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pterocarpus santalinus (Family – Fabaceae) popularly known as Red Sanders is an endemic species confined to Southern parts of Eastern Ghats of India specially in Andhra Pradesh. Heartwood of Red Sanders has high demand in domestic as well as international market and the wavy grained wood is valued. Along with its extensive use in furniture, the red dye obtained from the wood is used as colouring agent for textile, medicine and food. The heartwood can accumulate various elements and rare earth elements like strontium cadmium, zinc, copper and uranium. The wood has different uses in traditional and folklore medicines and is used for the treatment of diabetes, prickly heat, skin diseases and for various other ailments. A number of studies have been carried out to anatomically and phenotypicaly screen wavy grain at seedling stage. Morphological variability and genetic diversity studies reveal that Red Sanders harbours enormous variability. Though, macro and micro propagation protocol have been developed, further refinement is required for mass propagation. Andhra Pradesh Forest Department has also initiated different activities under tree improvement programme. Considering the wood demand, restricted distribution, slow regeneration, illegal harvest, trade and habitat destruction, the species has been categorized as endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature and has been listed in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and is also classified as a “reserved tree” under the Andhra Pradesh Preservation of Private Forest Rules, 1978. To revive the past glory of this valuable species, Government agencies, farmers, entrepreneurs and policy makers have to join hands for its protection, sustainable utilization and conservation.
{"title":"Pterocarpus santalinus (Red Sanders) an Endemic, Endangered Tree of India: Current Status, Improvement and the Future","authors":"A. Arunkumar, G. Joshi","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.2063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.2063","url":null,"abstract":"Pterocarpus santalinus (Family – Fabaceae) popularly known as Red Sanders is an endemic species confined to Southern parts of Eastern Ghats of India specially in Andhra Pradesh. Heartwood of Red Sanders has high demand in domestic as well as international market and the wavy grained wood is valued. Along with its extensive use in furniture, the red dye obtained from the wood is used as colouring agent for textile, medicine and food. The heartwood can accumulate various elements and rare earth elements like strontium cadmium, zinc, copper and uranium. The wood has different uses in traditional and folklore medicines and is used for the treatment of diabetes, prickly heat, skin diseases and for various other ailments. A number of studies have been carried out to anatomically and phenotypicaly screen wavy grain at seedling stage. Morphological variability and genetic diversity studies reveal that Red Sanders harbours enormous variability. Though, macro and micro propagation protocol have been developed, further refinement is required for mass propagation. Andhra Pradesh Forest Department has also initiated different activities under tree improvement programme. Considering the wood demand, restricted distribution, slow regeneration, illegal harvest, trade and habitat destruction, the species has been categorized as endangered by International Union for Conservation of Nature and has been listed in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and is also classified as a “reserved tree” under the Andhra Pradesh Preservation of Private Forest Rules, 1978. To revive the past glory of this valuable species, Government agencies, farmers, entrepreneurs and policy makers have to join hands for its protection, sustainable utilization and conservation.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73009860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. R. Warrier, Bg Sing, C. Balaji, P. Priyadarshini
This study presents the effects of storage duration and temperature of Strychnos potatorum stock solution on its coagulation efficiency. Coagulation efficiency of the seed extracts on water samples depended on the initial turbidity of the water sample. The stock solutions could clarify only highly turbid solutions. The optimum dosage of the stock solutions was 5% and optimal time required was 50 minutes. S. potatorum stock solutions, which were kept at room temperature (28 °C), had a shelf life of only five days and were able to remove turbidity from high and low turbidity water samples and no coagulation activity was observed for medium turbidity. The highest turbidity removals were observed for stock solutions, which were kept for three days. For stock solutions which were stored in refrigerator, shelf life was extended upto seven days, and the turbidity removal efficiencies improved from 45.9 to 63.8 for low and 43.7 to 64.9 % for high turbidity water samples, respectively.
{"title":"Storage Duration and Temperature Effects of Strychnos potatorum Stock Solutions on its Coagulation Efficiency","authors":"R. R. Warrier, Bg Sing, C. Balaji, P. Priyadarshini","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1672","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the effects of storage duration and temperature of Strychnos potatorum stock solution on its coagulation efficiency. Coagulation efficiency of the seed extracts on water samples depended on the initial turbidity of the water sample. The stock solutions could clarify only highly turbid solutions. The optimum dosage of the stock solutions was 5% and optimal time required was 50 minutes. S. potatorum stock solutions, which were kept at room temperature (28 °C), had a shelf life of only five days and were able to remove turbidity from high and low turbidity water samples and no coagulation activity was observed for medium turbidity. The highest turbidity removals were observed for stock solutions, which were kept for three days. For stock solutions which were stored in refrigerator, shelf life was extended upto seven days, and the turbidity removal efficiencies improved from 45.9 to 63.8 for low and 43.7 to 64.9 % for high turbidity water samples, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86622125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates multi-year changes of vegetation in the Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere (MAB) reserve using mappable vegetation related indices viz ., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Burn Index (BI). Land-cover changes in the Sinharaja MAB reserve were detected using Landsat 7 ETM + images for 1993, 2001, and 2005. Seven individual bands of each image were converted to new multiband files by layer stacking using ENVI ® 4.5. Then the multiband files were re-projected to UTM Zone 44 North, WGS-84 Datum. Each data set was exported to ENVI ® EX software package to detect the changes between time steps based on NDVI and BI using an image difference tool. Land-cover data, which were obtained from the DIVA GIS web portal, were compared with Landsat image data. Results of BI showed that the Sinharaja MAB reserve fringe was vulnerable to forest fire. For example, from 1993- 2001, 160 ha identified as burned area. In contrast, from 2001-2005, 79 ha burned, and for the entire period of 1993-2005, 10 ha burned. NDVI resulted in a 962 ha increase of vegetation prime at the western Sinharaja from 2001-2005. In addition, there was a 15 ha decrease in vegetation from 1993-2005. The results were visualized using an embedded 3D render window of Google Earth and 2D view of ArcGIS explorer online. In conclusion, in-situ ground truthing data is needed for the fire-influenced area for implementing sustainable forest resource management at the Sinharaja MAB reserve. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE
{"title":"Detecting land-cover change using mappable vegetation related indices: A case study from Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere Reserve","authors":"B. Madurapperuma, K. Kuruppuarachchi","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1817","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates multi-year changes of vegetation in the Sinharaja Man and the Biosphere (MAB) reserve using mappable vegetation related indices viz ., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Burn Index (BI). Land-cover changes in the Sinharaja MAB reserve were detected using Landsat 7 ETM + images for 1993, 2001, and 2005. Seven individual bands of each image were converted to new multiband files by layer stacking using ENVI ® 4.5. Then the multiband files were re-projected to UTM Zone 44 North, WGS-84 Datum. Each data set was exported to ENVI ® EX software package to detect the changes between time steps based on NDVI and BI using an image difference tool. Land-cover data, which were obtained from the DIVA GIS web portal, were compared with Landsat image data. Results of BI showed that the Sinharaja MAB reserve fringe was vulnerable to forest fire. For example, from 1993- 2001, 160 ha identified as burned area. In contrast, from 2001-2005, 79 ha burned, and for the entire period of 1993-2005, 10 ha burned. NDVI resulted in a 962 ha increase of vegetation prime at the western Sinharaja from 2001-2005. In addition, there was a 15 ha decrease in vegetation from 1993-2005. The results were visualized using an embedded 3D render window of Google Earth and 2D view of ArcGIS explorer online. In conclusion, in-situ ground truthing data is needed for the fire-influenced area for implementing sustainable forest resource management at the Sinharaja MAB reserve. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74595901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Problems generated by solid waste have become a major national issue in Sri Lanka due to high levels of economic growth and consumption. Inappropriate management of solid waste may generate many problems such as environmental pollution, public health, social and economic problems as well as aesthetic issues. Therefore, this problem needs immediate attention not only for the management of waste, but also for the study of individual behavior related to solid waste production and use. This research was carried out as a case study in Kalutara urban council area, where behavior that is related to the production and management of waste is analyzed. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was done for the households of Kalutara North, Kalutara South and Katukurunda. The households’ descriptive, inferential and informative believes were identified where they express agreement or disagreement regarding the final disposal of waste. In total 100 households completed the questionnaire. This work approached the behavioral aspect of the problem by considering the attitudes towards the environment and the beliefs about the environment. In addition, knowledge of environment and the problems raised have been considered for prediction of environmentally protective behavior. In this investigation, the classification of believes were considered in terms of austerity or limitation of consumption, conservation and material beliefs or material squandering. Further, the environmental attitudes were considered as emotional, cognitive (know) and behavioral. Based on the preliminary results of this study, it can be concluded that believes and attitudes show a certain level of relation with the behavior of the households. The questionnaire survey was useful to highlight the solid waste problem that exists in the area and to indicate the trends of attitudes and behavior among the solid waste management. Further, by considering the findings of this study, an environmental education program to promote pro-environmental behavior in solid waste management must be established to change non-effective waste management practices and to promote the households to use the waste as a resource. Key words: Pro-environmental behavior, solid waste management, individual behavior, environmental attitudes, Kalutara Urban Council
{"title":"Pro-environmental Behavior Regarding Solid Waste Management in Householders of Kalutara Urban Council Area- A Case Study","authors":"SR Amarasinghe, Ffhg Fernando","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1832","url":null,"abstract":"Problems generated by solid waste have become a major national issue in Sri Lanka due to high levels of economic growth and consumption. Inappropriate management of solid waste may generate many problems such as environmental pollution, public health, social and economic problems as well as aesthetic issues. Therefore, this problem needs immediate attention not only for the management of waste, but also for the study of individual behavior related to solid waste production and use. This research was carried out as a case study in Kalutara urban council area, where behavior that is related to the production and management of waste is analyzed. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was done for the households of Kalutara North, Kalutara South and Katukurunda. The households’ descriptive, inferential and informative believes were identified where they express agreement or disagreement regarding the final disposal of waste. In total 100 households completed the questionnaire. This work approached the behavioral aspect of the problem by considering the attitudes towards the environment and the beliefs about the environment. In addition, knowledge of environment and the problems raised have been considered for prediction of environmentally protective behavior. In this investigation, the classification of believes were considered in terms of austerity or limitation of consumption, conservation and material beliefs or material squandering. Further, the environmental attitudes were considered as emotional, cognitive (know) and behavioral. Based on the preliminary results of this study, it can be concluded that believes and attitudes show a certain level of relation with the behavior of the households. The questionnaire survey was useful to highlight the solid waste problem that exists in the area and to indicate the trends of attitudes and behavior among the solid waste management. Further, by considering the findings of this study, an environmental education program to promote pro-environmental behavior in solid waste management must be established to change non-effective waste management practices and to promote the households to use the waste as a resource. Key words: Pro-environmental behavior, solid waste management, individual behavior, environmental attitudes, Kalutara Urban Council","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81569770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bundala National Park (BNP) is a biologically diverse wetland habitat where a sizable area of Tropical Semi-deciduous (TSD) forests of Sri Lanka exists. Manilkara hexandra is the only dominant canopy tree species in these forests. However, the species appears to be dying out from BNP. With the aim of revealing the causes and possible underlying reasons for the die-out of the species, the population size, spatial distribution, natural regeneration and the healthiness of individuals of M. hexandra in BNP were examined in twenty five 50x50 m 2 plots in three-belt transects which were established across different forest categories in BNP. The major alien exotic plants in these plots were also enumerated. Results revealed that the tree die-back and poor natural regeneration were among the major causes for the die-out of M. hexandra from BNP, which had altered the population structure and distribution of the species over space. Live individuals of the species were absent in some degraded sites especially those invaded by Prosopis juliflora. Presence of over-mature cohorts, occurrence of tree cankers and presence of the aggressive invader, P. juliflora appear to affect the die-back of M. hexandra. This study provides a clue that there is a possibility of dying-back of the remaining healthy trees of M. hexandra in TSD forests of BNP in the near future, unless the threats imposed upon M. hexandra are uplifted through strategic management activities.
本达拉国家公园(BNP)是一个生物多样性的湿地栖息地，其中有相当大面积的斯里兰卡热带半落叶(TSD)森林。六芒树是这些森林中唯一的优势冠层树种。然而，该物种似乎正在因BNP而灭绝。为了揭示该物种灭绝的原因和可能的潜在原因，在BNP不同森林类型的三带样地建立了25个50x50 m 2样地，研究了该物种的种群规模、空间分布、自然更新和个体健康状况。并列举了这些样地的主要外来外来植物。结果表明，树木枯死和自然更新能力差是导致六爪草在BNP地区死亡的主要原因，从而改变了种群结构和空间分布。在一些退化的土地上，特别是被黄花拟豆入侵的土地上，没有活的个体。过成熟队列的存在，树溃疡病的发生和侵略性入侵者P. juliflora的存在似乎影响了M. hexandra的死亡。本研究提示，除非通过战略性的管理活动提升对六分木的威胁，否则在不久的将来，六分木在BNP TSD林中的剩余健康树木可能会枯死。
{"title":"Die-out of Manilkara hexandra from Bundala National Park, Sri Lanka: Causes and some possible underlying mechanisms","authors":"A. Perera, R. Gunarathne","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1831","url":null,"abstract":"Bundala National Park (BNP) is a biologically diverse wetland habitat where a sizable area of Tropical Semi-deciduous (TSD) forests of Sri Lanka exists. Manilkara hexandra is the only dominant canopy tree species in these forests. However, the species appears to be dying out from BNP. With the aim of revealing the causes and possible underlying reasons for the die-out of the species, the population size, spatial distribution, natural regeneration and the healthiness of individuals of M. hexandra in BNP were examined in twenty five 50x50 m 2 plots in three-belt transects which were established across different forest categories in BNP. The major alien exotic plants in these plots were also enumerated. Results revealed that the tree die-back and poor natural regeneration were among the major causes for the die-out of M. hexandra from BNP, which had altered the population structure and distribution of the species over space. Live individuals of the species were absent in some degraded sites especially those invaded by Prosopis juliflora. Presence of over-mature cohorts, occurrence of tree cankers and presence of the aggressive invader, P. juliflora appear to affect the die-back of M. hexandra. This study provides a clue that there is a possibility of dying-back of the remaining healthy trees of M. hexandra in TSD forests of BNP in the near future, unless the threats imposed upon M. hexandra are uplifted through strategic management activities.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"123 1 1","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78157297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An investigation was carried out on selected 20 timber species of Sri Lanka to study different wood properties, i.e., wood density, modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to grain, shrinkage/movement, workability (sawing, nailing, sanding and finishing), treatability of preservative, timber durability, timber texture by vessel diameter and some gross properties, timber colour and present timber uses. Based on the results, an attempt was made to classify the studied timber species into property levels. The final objective of this study was to develop relationships between the end-uses of timber and their property requirements and levels with reference to 20 Sri Lankan timber species. Timber selection for the use in Sri Lanka is species-oriented and sometimes it is based on the traditional use. Based on wood properties of 20 Sri Lankan timber species selected, an attempt was made to recognise the most important wood properties and their levels to develop a four end-use property classification. In general, the proposed end-use property classification in this study could be differentiated as (i.) for building construction, (ii.) for furniture and joinery (iii.) for light construction, and (iv.) for miscellaneous uses. Among the selected timber species, Dipterocarpus zeylanicus is eminently suitable for under-water work. Eucalyptus microcorys is regarded as one of the best timbers for dancing floors. These specialty and causative factors of timber, however, must be explored and documented in order to prepare end-use property classification for miscellaneous use.
{"title":"Development of Timber Property Classification Based on the End-Use with Reference to Twenty Sri Lankan Timber Species","authors":"N. Ruwanpathirana","doi":"10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.2035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.2035","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was carried out on selected 20 timber species of Sri Lanka to study different wood properties, i.e., wood density, modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to grain, shrinkage/movement, workability (sawing, nailing, sanding and finishing), treatability of preservative, timber durability, timber texture by vessel diameter and some gross properties, timber colour and present timber uses. Based on the results, an attempt was made to classify the studied timber species into property levels. The final objective of this study was to develop relationships between the end-uses of timber and their property requirements and levels with reference to 20 Sri Lankan timber species. Timber selection for the use in Sri Lanka is species-oriented and sometimes it is based on the traditional use. Based on wood properties of 20 Sri Lankan timber species selected, an attempt was made to recognise the most important wood properties and their levels to develop a four end-use property classification. In general, the proposed end-use property classification in this study could be differentiated as (i.) for building construction, (ii.) for furniture and joinery (iii.) for light construction, and (iv.) for miscellaneous uses. Among the selected timber species, Dipterocarpus zeylanicus is eminently suitable for under-water work. Eucalyptus microcorys is regarded as one of the best timbers for dancing floors. These specialty and causative factors of timber, however, must be explored and documented in order to prepare end-use property classification for miscellaneous use.","PeriodicalId":17445,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Forestry","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85132105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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