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Soil Properties under Various Stages of Secondary Forests at Sarawak, East Malaysia 东马来西亚沙捞越次生林不同阶段的土壤性质
Pub Date : 2014-06-18 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1827
K. Karyati, I. Ipor, I. Jusoh, Mohd Effendi bin Wasli
Changes in the forest community during secondary succession are influencing in various soil properties. However, there is limited information available on the soil properties under different stages of secondary forests in Sarawak. The aims of this study are to clarify the soil morphological and physicochemical properties at secondary forests under different age stands after similar land change (slash and burn). Field surveys were conducted at 3, 5, 10, and 20 years old of secondary forests in Sabal, Sarawak. Different fallow time influence changing soil properties in various stage secondary forests. A number of soil properties affected soil development process and land use change. Soil morphological and physicochemical properties differed under different stages of fallow periods. The results showed that the soils under different stages of fallow lands after shifting cultivation in the study sites was categorized in acidic soil as indicated by pH (H2O) values of below than 5 and the low content of T-C and T-N as well as exchangeable bases. The close relationship can be assumed between soil development process and vegetation succession. The knowledge of forest soil properties is essential to understand the change and development process under various stages secondary forests. The comprehensive understanding about soil properties and development process is important in order to conserve and manage secondary forests.
森林群落在次生演替过程中的变化影响着土壤的各种性质。然而,关于砂拉越次生林不同阶段土壤性质的资料有限。研究了不同林龄次生林在相似土地变化(刀耕火种)后的土壤形态和理化性质。对沙捞越沙巴勒次生林的3、5、10、20年树龄进行了实地调查。不同的休耕时间影响不同阶段次生林土壤性质的变化。土壤的一些性质影响着土壤的发育过程和土地利用的变化。不同休耕期土壤形态和理化性质存在差异。结果表明:研究区轮作后休耕不同阶段土壤pH (H2O)值均小于5,T-C、T-N及交换性碱含量均较低,属于酸性土壤;土壤发育过程与植被演替之间存在着密切的关系。了解森林土壤性质是了解次生林不同发育阶段变化和发展过程的基础。全面了解土壤性质及其发育过程对次生林的保护和管理具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 4
Prediction of stem biomass of Pinus caribaea growing in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡低地湿区加勒比松茎生物量预测
Pub Date : 2014-06-18 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1056
S. Subasinghe
Forests are important ecosystems as they reduce the atmospheric CO2 amounts and thereby control the global warming. Estimation of biomass values are vital to determine the carbon contents stored in trees. However, biomass estimation is not an easy task as the trees should be felled or uprooted which are time consuming and expensive procedures. As a solution to this problem, construction of mathematical relationships to predict biomass from easily measurable variables can be used. The present study attempted to construct a mathematical model to predict the stem biomass of Pinus caribaea using the data collected from a 26 year old plantation located in Yagirala Forest Reserve in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka. Due to the geographical undulations of this forest, two 0.05 ha sample plots were randomly established in each of valley, slope and ridge-top areas. In order to construct the model, stem wood density values were calculated by using stem core samples extracted at the breast height point. Stem volume was estimated for each tree using Newton’s formula and the stem biomass was then estimated by converting the weight of the known volume of core samples to the weight of the stem volume. Prior to pool the data for model construction, the density variations along the stem and between geographical locations were also tested. It was attempted to predict the biomass using both dbh and tree height. Apart from the untransformed variables, four biologically acceptable transformations were also used for model construction to obtain the best model. All possible combinations of model structures were fitted to the data. The preliminary model selection for further analysis was done based on higher R 2 values and compatibility with the biological reality. Out of those preliminary selected models, the final selection was done using the average model bias and modeling efficiency quantitatively and using standard residual distribution qualitatively. After the final evaluation the following model was selected as the best model to use in the field.
森林是重要的生态系统,因为它们减少大气中的二氧化碳含量,从而控制全球变暖。生物量值的估算对于确定树木中储存的碳含量至关重要。然而,生物量估算并不是一项容易的任务,因为树木需要被砍伐或连根拔起,这是一个耗时和昂贵的过程。作为解决这一问题的方法,可以利用易于测量的变量构建数学关系来预测生物量。本文利用位于斯里兰卡低地湿区Yagirala森林保护区的26年树龄人工林数据,建立了预测加勒比松(Pinus caribaea)茎生物量的数学模型。由于该森林的地形起伏,在山谷区、坡区和垄顶区随机建立2个0.05 ha样地。为了构建模型,利用在胸围高度点提取的茎芯样本计算茎材密度值。利用牛顿公式估算每棵树的茎体积,然后通过将已知岩心样品体积的重量转换为茎体积的重量来估算茎生物量。在汇集数据用于模型构建之前,还测试了沿茎和地理位置之间的密度变化。利用胸径和树高对生物量进行了预测。除了未转换的变量外,还使用了四种生物可接受的转换进行模型构建,以获得最佳模型。所有可能的模型结构组合都拟合到数据中。根据较高的r2值和与生物现实的相容性,初步选择模型进行进一步分析。在这些初步选择的模型中,最终选择是定量地使用平均模型偏差和建模效率,定性地使用标准残差分布。经过最终的评估,以下模型被选为在该领域使用的最佳模型。
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引用次数: 7
The Association of Environmental Changes and the Replacement of Mosquito Fauna in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡科伦坡地区环境变化与蚊子种群更替协会
Pub Date : 2014-06-18 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1057
Bas Priyangika, B. D. Silva, D.P.W. Jayatunga-Katuwawalage, M. Wickramasinghe
The mosquito survey was carried out for 8 months between October 2009 and May 2010. Investigations included 12 randomly selected urban (6) and semi-urban (6) areas in the Colombo District of Sri Lanka. Thirty eight mosquito species were found and Anopheles interruptus, An. pseudojamesii, Aedes stenovensoni, Ae. edwardsi, Ae. vittatus, Culex  barraudi, Cx. fatigans, Cx. univittatus, Cx. aculeatus, Cx. purplexus, Cx. spiculosus, Cx. quadripalpis, Cx. halifaxi, Uranotaenia atra, Ur. unguiculata were new findings that were not recorded  previously in the period 1981-1982 from the same locations although 11 different breeding habitats were examined. Rainfall had a direct relation (P=0.000) with the distribution and the density of mosquitoes. Unplanned urbanization, human activities and irregular or non-disposal of domestic waste products have led to a population replacement of the mosquito fauna in these locations.
蚊虫调查于2009年10月至2010年5月进行,为期8个月。调查包括在斯里兰卡科伦坡区随机选择的12个城市(6个)和半城市(6个)地区。共发现蚊种38种。伪詹姆斯伊蚊,斯氏伊蚊,伊蚊;edwardsi, Ae。维塔图斯,库蚊barraudi, Cx。fatigans,残雪。univittatus,残雪。aculeatus,残雪。purplexus,残雪。spiculosus,残雪。quadripalpis,残雪。halifaxi, Uranotaenia atra, Ur。在1981-1982年期间,对11个不同的繁殖栖息地进行了调查,但在相同的地点发现了以前没有记录的有蹄兽。降雨量与蚊虫分布和密度有直接关系(P=0.000)。无计划的城市化、人类活动以及不定期或不处理生活废物导致这些地点的蚊子种群更替。
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引用次数: 3
Environmental impact assessment of transport infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka: Way forward 斯里兰卡交通基础设施项目的环境影响评估:未来之路
Pub Date : 2014-02-20 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1833
I. Gamalath, L. Perera, S. Bandara
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) was established to manage impacts on environment due to development projects and to enhance its quality where possible. However recent incidents concerning several projects have aroused the question, “Are we utilising EIA effectively?” Therefore this study was conducted to find possible methods of improving the quality and effectiveness of EIA. Literature regarding EIA process in both Sri Lankan context and international context was reviewed together with several past EIA reports related to Civil Engineering infrastructure projects to identify possible improvements. Identified problems can be categorised in to two; problems in established EIA framework, methodologies adopted in impact assessment. Main problems identified in the framework are the lack of, broad frameworks of environmental, social protection; accountability of EIA process; public participation and proper post monitoring system. The problems identified in the assessment process are the lack of incorporating cumulative effects and sustainability concepts. To address these issues, legislature should be improved and they should focus on allocating proper weight to the EIA findings in the decision process. Analysing impacts should focus more on concepts of environmental resources and limitations rather than narrow impacts of the project. Further in impact assessment the product of magnitude of the impact and the duration of impact should be taken into account rather than just focusing on the magnitude. In addition to the project based EIA process, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) can be practised to overcome the weaknesses of the reactive nature of EIA and to direct development in the right direction. Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, Effectiveness, Assessment methodology
环境影响评估是为了管理发展项目对环境造成的影响,并尽可能提高环境影响评估的质量。然而,最近几个项目的事件引发了一个问题:我们是否有效地利用了环评?因此,本研究旨在寻找提高环评质量和效果的可能方法。我们回顾了斯里兰卡和国际环境中有关环境影响评估过程的文献,以及与土木工程基础设施项目有关的几份过去的环境影响评估报告,以确定可能的改进。已确定的问题可分为两类;既定环评架构的问题、影响评估所采用的方法。该框架确定的主要问题是缺乏广泛的环境和社会保护框架;环评过程问责制;公众参与和适当的岗位监督制度。在评估过程中发现的问题是没有纳入累积效应和可持续性概念。为解决这些问题,应改善立法,并在决策过程中注重对环评结果给予适当的重视。分析影响应更多地关注环境资源和限制的概念,而不是项目的狭隘影响。此外,在进行影响评估时,应考虑影响程度与影响持续时间的乘积,而不应只关注影响程度。除了以项目为基础的环评程序外,策略性环境评估(SEA)亦可加以实施,以克服环评反应性的弱点,指引发展方向。关键词:环境影响评价;有效性;评价方法
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引用次数: 4
Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in beached plastic pellets from Mumbai coast, India 印度孟买海岸海滩塑料颗粒中多环芳烃(PAHs)的存在
Pub Date : 2014-02-12 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I1.1819
Sri Jayewardenepura, S. Lanka, Jayasiri H.B, Purushothaman C.S
PAHs are a class of ubiquitous pollutants which consist of two or more fused benzene rings in various arrangements. A number of PAH compounds are known carcinogens and bioaccumulate and biomagnify. These compounds originate naturally as well as anthropogenically through oil spills, incineration of waste and combustion of fossil fuels and wood. The environmental consequence of plastic pellets is the sorption of organic pollutants on their surface from the sea surface microlayer (SML) where the hydrophobic contaminants are known to be enriched. The plastic pellets were collected along the recent high tide line from four beaches of Mumbai coast bimonthly during May 2011 and March 2012. A total of 72 pools of plastic pellets were extracted, fractionated and analysed by gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer to evaluate the extent and sources of 16 PAHs. The mean ΣPAH concentration in pellets was 9,202.30±114.89 ng g -1 with a wide range (35.4-46,191.58 ng g -1 ). The concentration of fluorene was found to be the highest (1,606.30±251.54 ng g -1 ) followed by anthracene, chrysene and phenanthrene. The ΣPAH concentration was significantly varied among months and there was no significant difference among sites at p=0.05. The 2-3 aromatic ring compounds accounted for 60% of the total PAHs in pellets of Mumbai coast while 4 rings and 5-6 rings compounds accounted for 26 and 14%, respectively. The ratio of low and high molecular weight PAHs indicated that the contamination by petrogenic sources was predominant over the pyrogenic ones in plastic pellets suggesting oil pollution in coastal area of Mumbai.
多环芳烃是一类普遍存在的污染物,由两个或多个不同排列方式的熔融苯环组成。许多多环芳烃化合物是已知的致癌物,并具有生物积累和生物放大作用。这些化合物是自然产生的,也可以通过石油泄漏、焚烧废物、燃烧化石燃料和木材而人为产生。塑料颗粒的环境后果是其表面从海洋表面微层(SML)中吸收有机污染物,其中疏水污染物已知富集。这些塑料颗粒是在2011年5月和2012年3月期间,每个月在孟买海岸的四个海滩上沿着最近的涨潮线收集的。采用气相色谱仪联用质谱仪对72池塑料颗粒进行提取、分馏和分析,评估了16种多环芳烃的含量和来源。颗粒中ΣPAH的平均浓度为9202.30±114.89 ng g -1,范围宽(354 -46,191.58 ng g -1)。其中,氟的浓度最高(1,606.30±251.54 ng g -1),其次是蒽、蒽和菲。月份间ΣPAH浓度差异有统计学意义,位点间差异无统计学意义(p=0.05)。孟买沿海颗粒中2 ~ 3环芳烃占总多环芳烃的60%,4环芳烃和5 ~ 6环芳烃分别占26%和14%。低分子量和高分子量多环芳烃的比值表明,孟买沿海地区塑料颗粒中岩石源污染占主导地位,热源污染占主导地位,表明石油污染。
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引用次数: 8
Allelopathic potential of rice residues of selected rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) against Echinochloa crus-galli 选定水稻品种(Oryza sativa L.)水稻残茬对紫锥虫的化感作用潜力
Pub Date : 2014-02-10 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V4I2.1848
A. Ranagalage, T.S.D. Jayakody, D. L. Wathugala
Allelopathic potential of rice residues of selected rice varieties ( Oryza sativa L .) against Echinochloa crus-galli Abstract Allelopathic compounds will play a vital role in sustainable weed control in paddy cultivation in future. Exploitation and implementation of this technology in weed management has been considered as ecologically sound, resource conserving and economically viable method.  The objective of this study was to assess the allelopathic traits of rice residues of selected (Bg359, Ld365, Bg407, At401, Bg358, At362, At402, Bg450, Bg300, Herathbanda and Handiran) rice cultivars to control of barnyard grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) one of the most destructive weed in Sri  Lankan paddy ecosystem. Completely Randomize Design was used with three replicates for each cultivar. According to the research findings, significant differences (p≤0.05) were observed among cultivars and amount of residue mixed with sand (2.0, 4.0, 6.0g of ground residue per 500.0g of sand) in terms of barnyard grass plant height, number of leaves, germination and total dry weight. Among those measured variables germination and dry matter of barnyard grass showed significant reduction when increasing amount of rice residue. Among different cultivars used Ld365 showed the highest inhibition % for all above measured variables and the lowest was the Herathbanda. As an example the inhibition percentages of plant height, seed germination and shoot dry weight of Ld365 were 60%, 56% and 65% respectively. In contrast, rice cultivar Herathbanda caused 27%, 26% and 26% inhibition respectively for above mentioned parameters. When comparing  three levels of rice residue mixture   63% dry weight reduction was observed  in 6.0g rice residue  and (51%)  4.0g and 27% with  2.0g  mixture. Furthermore percentage germination also reduced with increased amount of rice residue mixture. It indicated that highest in 6.0g, which is 49% closely followed by 4.0g (41%) and the lowest is 2.0g by 12%. Therefore, it could be suggested that the allelopathic potential of rice residue significantly changes with cultivar and amount of residue mix with soil. Knowledge of rice allelophathic properties of rice residue will offer several possibilities for ecological management of weeds in paddy fields of Sri Lanka. Keywords: -      Allelopathy, Echinocloa crus-galli ,  Inhibition, Oryza sativa
水稻品种(Oryza sativa L .)残茬对紫姬球藻(Echinochloa cross -galli)的化感作用研究将在今后水稻种植杂草的可持续防治中发挥重要作用。该技术在杂草管理中的开发和实施被认为是生态友好、资源节约和经济可行的方法。本研究旨在评价选定水稻品种(Bg359、Ld365、Bg407、At401、Bg358、At362、At402、Bg450、Bg300、Herathbanda和Handiran)对斯里兰卡水稻生态系统中最具破坏性杂草之一的稗子(Echinochloa cruso -galli)的化感特性。采用完全随机设计,每个品种3个重复。研究结果表明,禾草株高、叶片数、发芽率和总干重在不同品种间、不同渣砂掺量(每500.0g砂掺量分别为2.0、4.0、6.0g)差异显著(p≤0.05)。禾草的发芽率和干物质随稻渣量的增加而显著降低。在不同品种中,Ld365对上述所有变量的抑制率最高,以赫拉斯班达最低。Ld365对株高、种子萌发和地上部干重的抑制率分别为60%、56%和65%。相比之下,水稻品种赫拉斯班达对上述参数的抑制率分别为27%、26%和26%。对比3个水平的米渣混合物,6.0g米渣的干重减少63%,4.0g米渣的干重减少51%,2.0g米渣的干重减少27%。此外,随着稻渣混合物用量的增加,发芽率也降低。结果表明,6.0g最高,占49%,其次是4.0g(41%),最低为2.0g,占12%。因此,水稻残渣的化感作用随水稻品种和与土壤混交量的不同而发生显著变化。了解稻渣的化感特性将为斯里兰卡稻田杂草的生态管理提供几种可能性。关键词:化感作用;棘球藻;抑制作用
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引用次数: 2
Wild ungulate distribution in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve, southwest China. 西南纳坂河流域国家级自然保护区野生有蹄类动物的分布。
Pub Date : 2014-01-09 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1843
A. Treydte, P. Trumpf, G. Langenberger, Y. Yang, F. Liu
Southeast Asia´s tropical forests harbour a unique diversity of wildlife but species and numbers are rapidly declining under current land use. To improve conservation strategies in these biodiversity hotspots, knowledge of animal species present and their distribution is crucial. We wanted to identify the ungulate community composition and distribution of a ‘Man and Biosphere’ reserve, the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve (NRWNNR), Yunnan, Southwest China. Using camera traps, transects, and spoor-plots we identified wild ungulate species and corresponding habitat properties. We compared two study sites of different protection status – the buffer and experimental zones – on an overall transect length of 32 km and analysed relationships between wildlife activity, forest vegetation structure, and human disturbance. We documented six ungulate species, all of which occurred in the buffer zone while only three species were found in the experimental zone. Wild boar sign density was about 10 times higher in the buffer than in the experimental zone. Overall wildlife sign density increased with distance away from human settlements and closer to the core zone. Hence, human disturbance strongly influenced wild ungulate abundance but the NRWNNR was found to host a diverse ungulate community, considering its small size and compared to other conservation areas in the region. The combination of various methods proved to be successful in identifying and locating forest wildlife. The NRWNNR, particularly the more strongly protected zones, could greatly contribute to future ecotourism activities in Yunnan if a strict preservation of buffer and core zones can be maintained.
东南亚的热带森林拥有独特的野生动物多样性,但在目前的土地利用下,物种和数量正在迅速减少。为了改善这些生物多样性热点地区的保护策略,了解动物物种及其分布是至关重要的。我们想要确定“人与生物圈”保护区——云南纳坂河流域国家级自然保护区(NRWNNR)的有蹄类群落组成和分布。利用相机陷阱、样带和spoor-plots等方法对野生有蹄类物种进行了鉴定,并分析了相应的生境特征。我们在全长32 km的样带上比较了缓冲带和实验区两个不同保护状态的研究点,分析了野生动物活动、森林植被结构和人为干扰之间的关系。我们记录了6种有蹄类动物,它们都出现在缓冲区,而在实验区只发现了3种。缓冲区野猪标志密度比试验区高10倍左右。总体而言,野生动物标志密度随着远离人类住区和靠近核心区而增加。因此,人类干扰强烈影响了野生有蹄类动物的丰度,但考虑到其面积较小,与该地区其他保护区相比,我们发现NRWNNR拥有多样化的有蹄类动物群落。事实证明,各种方法的结合在识别和定位森林野生动物方面是成功的。如果能保持对缓冲带和核心区的严格保护,将对云南未来的生态旅游活动做出巨大贡献,特别是保护力度较强的保护区。
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引用次数: 7
The Current Status of the Tiger Beetle Species of the Coastal Habitats of Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡沿海生境虎甲虫物种现状研究
Pub Date : 2014-01-09 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1841
C. Dangalle
The species of tiger beetles inhabiting coastal habitats of Sri Lanka have not been studied for nearly three decades. We report the tiger beetle species currently occupying the coastal habitats of the island, their distribution, microhabitats and habitat preferences. Species and distributions reported nearly three decades from similar previous studies are also recorded. Southern, North-Western and Western coastal belts (n=22) of Sri Lanka were investigated for the presence of tiger beetles. Three species, Hypaetha biramosa , Lophyra ( Lophyra ) catena , Myriochila ( Monelica ) fastidiosa , were recorded from eleven locations. M. ( Monelica ) fastidiosa was reported for the first time, in a single location of the Southern coastal belt. Habitat parameters of the locations and the length of the body and mandible between H. biramosa and L. ( Lophyra ) catena , were statistically compared to determine specific habitat preferences of the two species. Analysis of Variance using Minitab 16.0 revealed that H. biramosa occupy habitats with high solar radiation (438-1023 w/m 2 ) and soil salinity (0.0-0.1ppt) while L. ( Lophyra ) catena occupy habitats with low solar radiation (132-402) and non-saline soils (0.0 ppt). Similar length of mandibles of these two species indicated that habitat selection of the species was not based on prey utilization, but may depend on the intensity of solar radiation and the level of soil salinity of the locations.
居住在斯里兰卡沿海栖息地的虎甲虫物种近三十年没有被研究过。本文报道了目前占据该岛海岸生境的虎甲虫种类、分布、微生境和生境偏好。近三十年来类似研究报告的物种和分布也被记录下来。调查了斯里兰卡南部、西北和西部沿海带(n=22)虎甲虫的存在。在11个地点共记录到双斑棘球绦虫(Hypaetha biramosa)、长丝棘球绦虫(Lophyra) catena和细穗棘球绦虫(Myriochila (Monelica) fastidiosa) 3种。在南海岸带的一个单一地点首次报道了M. (Monelica) fastidiosa。统计比较了两种不同生境的位置、体、下颌骨长度等生境参数,确定了两种不同生境的偏好。利用Minitab 16.0进行方差分析发现,白毛藻(H. biramosa)占据了高太阳辐射(438 ~ 1023 w/m 2)和土壤盐度(0.0 ~ 0.1ppt)的生境,而羊草(L. Lophyra)则占据了低太阳辐射(132 ~ 402)和无盐化土壤(0.0 ppt)的生境。下颌长度相近,表明该物种的生境选择不是基于猎物的利用,而可能取决于所处地点的太阳辐射强度和土壤盐度水平。
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引用次数: 6
Impacts of Woody Invader Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and, Below and Above Ground Flora 木本植物侵入者Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.)的影响土壤和地上、地下植物群的理化性质
Pub Date : 2014-01-09 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1844
B. A. K. Wickramathilake, T. Weerasinghe, S. Ranwala
D illenia suffruticosa (Griffith) Martelli, that spreads fast in low-lying areas in wet zone of Sri Lanka is currently listed as a nationally important Invasive Alien Species that deserves attention in ecological studies. Thus, impact of this woody invader on physical, chemical properties of soil and below and above ground flora was investigated. Five sampling sites were identified along a distance of 46km from Avissawella to Ratnapura. At each site, two adjacent plots [1m x10m each for D . suffruticosa present (D +) and absent (D - )] were outlined. Physical and chemical soil parameters, microbial biomass and number of bacterial colonies in soil were determined using standard procedures and compared between D + and D - by ANOVA using SPSS. Rate of decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was also determined using the litter bag technique at 35% and 50% moisture levels. Above ground plant species richness in sample stands was compared using Jaccard and Sorenson diversity indices.  Decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was slow, but occurred at a more or less similar rate irrespective of moisture content of soil. Particle size distribution in D + soil showed a much higher percentage of large soil particles.  Higher % porosity in D + sites was a clear indication that the soil was aerated.  The pH was significantly lower for D + than D - thus developing acidic soils whereas conductivity has been significantly high making soil further stressed. The significant drop in Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in D + soil was a remarkable finding to be concerned with as it correlated with fertility of soil. Significantly higher values of phosphates reported in D + soil support the idea that plant invaders are capable to increase phosphates in soil. Higher biomass values recorded for D + sites together with higher number of bacterial colonies could be related to the unexpectedly recorded higher Organic Carbon. Both  the  Jaccard  and  Sorenson   indices indicated  that  D + and  D - sites  were dissimilar with respect to  above ground  plant  species  richness.  Thus, changes in above ground vegetation and soil properties due to the invasion were identified and further studies are needed for determining the degree of soil deterioration due to the invasive behavior of D. suffruticosa .
dillenia suffruticosa (Griffith) Martelli是斯里兰卡湿区低洼地区快速传播的外来入侵物种,目前被列为值得重视的国家重要外来入侵物种。因此,研究了这种木质入侵植物对土壤理化性质和地上、地下植物区系的影响。从Avissawella到Ratnapura的46公里范围内确定了5个采样点。在每个场地,两个相邻的地块[1m x10m]分别用于D。勾勒出存在(D +)和不存在(D -)的suffruticosa。采用标准方法测定土壤理化参数、微生物生物量和菌落数,并采用SPSS统计软件进行D +和D -方差分析比较。在35%和50%水分条件下,采用凋落物袋技术测定了苦参叶的分解速率。采用Jaccard和Sorenson多样性指数对样林地上植物物种丰富度进行了比较。赤芍叶片的分解速度较慢,但与土壤含水量无关,其分解速率大致相同。D +土壤的粒度分布中,大颗粒所占的比例要高得多。D +位点孔隙率较高,表明土壤被曝气。D +的pH值明显低于D -,形成了酸性土壤,而导电性显著提高,使土壤进一步受到胁迫。阳离子交换容量(CEC)的显著下降与土壤肥力有关,是一个值得关注的显著发现。据报道,D +土壤中磷酸盐含量显著增加,这支持了植物入侵者能够增加土壤中磷酸盐含量的观点。D +位点记录的较高生物量值和较高的细菌菌落数量可能与意外记录的较高有机碳有关。Jaccard指数和Sorenson指数均表明,D +和D -位点在地上植物物种丰富度方面存在差异。因此,我们已经确定了地表植被和土壤性质的变化,需要进一步的研究来确定土壤退化的程度。
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引用次数: 3
Wildlife Viewing Preferences of Visitors to Sri Lanka’s National Parks: Implications for Visitor Management and Sustainable Tourism Planning 斯里兰卡国家公园游客的野生动物观赏偏好:对游客管理和可持续旅游规划的影响
Pub Date : 2014-01-09 DOI: 10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1838
H. Senevirathna, Priyan Perera
Wildlife Viewing Preferences of Visitors to Sri Lanka’s National Parks: Implications for Visitor Management and Sustainable Tourism Planning
斯里兰卡国家公园游客的野生动物观赏偏好:对游客管理和可持续旅游规划的影响
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引用次数: 17
期刊
Journal of Tropical Forestry
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