Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186300
S.L. Mecker
The basic operational features and special operational considerations of controlling industrial motors with variable frequency drives (VFDs), particularly those featuring pulse width modulation technology, are described. The consequences of using VFDs on the motor insulation and cooling system are discussed, and approaches to ensure reliable system designs are recommended. It is shown that proper sizing of the motor for common applications makes the use of standard NEMA design A and B motors possible with a high degree of confidence and that, for specialized duty, it is necessary to carefully engineer the VFD and motor system simultaneously.<>
{"title":"Considerations in derating induction motors for applications on variable frequency drives","authors":"S.L. Mecker","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186300","url":null,"abstract":"The basic operational features and special operational considerations of controlling industrial motors with variable frequency drives (VFDs), particularly those featuring pulse width modulation technology, are described. The consequences of using VFDs on the motor insulation and cooling system are discussed, and approaches to ensure reliable system designs are recommended. It is shown that proper sizing of the motor for common applications makes the use of standard NEMA design A and B motors possible with a high degree of confidence and that, for specialized duty, it is necessary to carefully engineer the VFD and motor system simultaneously.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114654176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186292
H. Lesch, J. Mantooth
A corrugated-board paper machine designed to produce 230000 metric tons of corrugated stock entirely from recycled paper is described. The machine is 319" wide, is designed for operation at 3000 ft/min and is driven by 43 TEFC induction motors powered by variable frequency sectional drives rated from 30 to 1125 kVA. The total installed power for the paper machine drives is 7200 kW/9650 hp. It is shown that the drive system design is unique in that TEFC induction motors are utilized without auxiliary blowers and each drive is complete with a DC link power converter and a variable frequency inverter. The machine is driven by fully digital, microprocessor-controlled variable frequency drives. The design considerations for the motors, converters, and power system are discussed.<>
{"title":"Design considerations and performance of AC drives on large paper machine","authors":"H. Lesch, J. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186292","url":null,"abstract":"A corrugated-board paper machine designed to produce 230000 metric tons of corrugated stock entirely from recycled paper is described. The machine is 319\" wide, is designed for operation at 3000 ft/min and is driven by 43 TEFC induction motors powered by variable frequency sectional drives rated from 30 to 1125 kVA. The total installed power for the paper machine drives is 7200 kW/9650 hp. It is shown that the drive system design is unique in that TEFC induction motors are utilized without auxiliary blowers and each drive is complete with a DC link power converter and a variable frequency inverter. The machine is driven by fully digital, microprocessor-controlled variable frequency drives. The design considerations for the motors, converters, and power system are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133659793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186285
L. W. Pierce
The thermal considerations in specifying and loading cast-resin transformers are presented. The considerations are based on conclusions reached from performing thermal tests on a 2000 kVA cast-resin transformer with embedded thermocouples. It is argued that specifications should require that the correct insulation temperature class be applied to individual windings and that hottest spot temperatures do not exceed this insulation temperature class at rated self-cooled and forced air kVA. Specifications should also require calculation of hottest spot temperature rises using mathematical models verified by thermal tests on a prototype transformer representative of the design family. The loading back test method is shown to give higher hottest spot temperature rises than expected from the short circuit test method. A method to correct the data to determine the hottest spot temperature rise using the short circuit test method is discussed. A specification form is suggested and loading equations are presented to allow predictions of loading capability and comparisons of competitive designs.<>
{"title":"Specifying and loading cast-resin transformers","authors":"L. W. Pierce","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186285","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal considerations in specifying and loading cast-resin transformers are presented. The considerations are based on conclusions reached from performing thermal tests on a 2000 kVA cast-resin transformer with embedded thermocouples. It is argued that specifications should require that the correct insulation temperature class be applied to individual windings and that hottest spot temperatures do not exceed this insulation temperature class at rated self-cooled and forced air kVA. Specifications should also require calculation of hottest spot temperature rises using mathematical models verified by thermal tests on a prototype transformer representative of the design family. The loading back test method is shown to give higher hottest spot temperature rises than expected from the short circuit test method. A method to correct the data to determine the hottest spot temperature rise using the short circuit test method is discussed. A specification form is suggested and loading equations are presented to allow predictions of loading capability and comparisons of competitive designs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126272041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186294
S.P. Reddy, R. Schaefer
The various types of excitation systems, as well as the solid state equipment used to complement the brush and brushless excited synchronous generators, are described. Features of the excitation system are discussed as they apply to machines connected to an isolated bus and machines which are connected to the electric utility. The criteria of excitation systems, classifications of generators, requirements for short circuit support, and features common to excitation systems are presented.<>
{"title":"Application of excitation systems to generators in the pulp and paper industry","authors":"S.P. Reddy, R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186294","url":null,"abstract":"The various types of excitation systems, as well as the solid state equipment used to complement the brush and brushless excited synchronous generators, are described. Features of the excitation system are discussed as they apply to machines connected to an isolated bus and machines which are connected to the electric utility. The criteria of excitation systems, classifications of generators, requirements for short circuit support, and features common to excitation systems are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186293
W. Vilcheck, M. Haddad
An incident in which the series grading capacitance of a 230 kV circuit breaker interacted with the magnetizing reactance of a voltage transformer causing overvoltage and eventual failure of the voltage transformer is described. It is shown that this incident, including the damaging overvoltages, was successfully simulated on a digital computer. Using the same model, proposed solutions derived from transmission experience were evaluated. The most effective solution was applied to the substation circuits and measurements were taken during initial circuit breaker energization and deenergization. Measurement results are compared with analytical results.<>
{"title":"Voltage transformer ferroresonance in cogeneration substation","authors":"W. Vilcheck, M. Haddad","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186293","url":null,"abstract":"An incident in which the series grading capacitance of a 230 kV circuit breaker interacted with the magnetizing reactance of a voltage transformer causing overvoltage and eventual failure of the voltage transformer is described. It is shown that this incident, including the damaging overvoltages, was successfully simulated on a digital computer. Using the same model, proposed solutions derived from transmission experience were evaluated. The most effective solution was applied to the substation circuits and measurements were taken during initial circuit breaker energization and deenergization. Measurement results are compared with analytical results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130524107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186301
T.L. Jarrett
The use of personal computer-based vibration analysis programs (PC VAPs), now the cornerstone of most predictive maintenance programs within the pulp and paper industry, to maximize the potential for decreasing unscheduled shutdowns and improving the economics of equipment repairs is discussed. It is shown that the selection of a PC VAP system is dependent on a thorough analysis of the available hardware and software and that awareness of the implementation and control caveats of a PC VAP is necessary in order to increase the chances for a successful PC VAP and achieve a minimum return on investment. Various mechanical, electrical, and process abnormalities that can be detected by VAP, some of the types of problems detected by the PC VAP, and spreadsheets included to assist in the selection of a PC VAP system are presented.<>
{"title":"Computerized vibration analysis-the leading predictive maintenance tool","authors":"T.L. Jarrett","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186301","url":null,"abstract":"The use of personal computer-based vibration analysis programs (PC VAPs), now the cornerstone of most predictive maintenance programs within the pulp and paper industry, to maximize the potential for decreasing unscheduled shutdowns and improving the economics of equipment repairs is discussed. It is shown that the selection of a PC VAP system is dependent on a thorough analysis of the available hardware and software and that awareness of the implementation and control caveats of a PC VAP is necessary in order to increase the chances for a successful PC VAP and achieve a minimum return on investment. Various mechanical, electrical, and process abnormalities that can be detected by VAP, some of the types of problems detected by the PC VAP, and spreadsheets included to assist in the selection of a PC VAP system are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115111955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186284
L. Eubanks
The history of the development of power circuit breaker overcurrent trip devices from dashpots to digital circuit breakers is presented. The development of the retrofit circuit breaker concept is reviewed. The engineering considerations of retrofitting, economical benefits of retrofitting, sources and brands of retrofit kits, and problems with un-kit retrofits are discussed. Two examples of retrofit cases are described.<>
{"title":"Upgrading obsolete switchgear","authors":"L. Eubanks","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186284","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the development of power circuit breaker overcurrent trip devices from dashpots to digital circuit breakers is presented. The development of the retrofit circuit breaker concept is reviewed. The engineering considerations of retrofitting, economical benefits of retrofitting, sources and brands of retrofit kits, and problems with un-kit retrofits are discussed. Two examples of retrofit cases are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186289
A. Moshref, S. Khan
The calculation of a power system's response to harmonics by transient network analyzers (TNA), hand calculations, field measurements, digital simulation, and modeling is described. An example of a pulp and paper electrical system is used to demonstrate the steps and computational requirements to perform harmonic analysis. Application of capacitors and filters based on the components rating, with reference to the harmonic standard, is discussed.<>
{"title":"Harmonic analysis for industrial power systems computation techniques and filtering","authors":"A. Moshref, S. Khan","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186289","url":null,"abstract":"The calculation of a power system's response to harmonics by transient network analyzers (TNA), hand calculations, field measurements, digital simulation, and modeling is described. An example of a pulp and paper electrical system is used to demonstrate the steps and computational requirements to perform harmonic analysis. Application of capacitors and filters based on the components rating, with reference to the harmonic standard, is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121369958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186299
W. V. Jones
A high inertial load can cause significant operational problems of a paper machine due to excessive acceleration and deceleration times. A comparison of the electrical drive components with the load requirements is presented in order to determine the optimum drive rating to support the acceleration and deceleration times required by production. A graphical approach is used to simplify this procedure. It is shown that by plotting the load requirements and the power unit capabilities, the optimum drive rating can be determined based on the time required for acceleration and deceleration. For a given drive size and load requirement the maximum capability can be determined without guessing.<>
{"title":"Determination of drive ratings for high inertial loads such as dryers","authors":"W. V. Jones","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186299","url":null,"abstract":"A high inertial load can cause significant operational problems of a paper machine due to excessive acceleration and deceleration times. A comparison of the electrical drive components with the load requirements is presented in order to determine the optimum drive rating to support the acceleration and deceleration times required by production. A graphical approach is used to simplify this procedure. It is shown that by plotting the load requirements and the power unit capabilities, the optimum drive rating can be determined based on the time required for acceleration and deceleration. For a given drive size and load requirement the maximum capability can be determined without guessing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-08DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186278
S. Khan, R.W. Brown
The problems associated with the application of large synchronous motors for pulp refiners in a traditional 13.8 kV distribution system, including voltage flicker on the utility power system, large size and high reactance for the main transformer, fault levels reaching or exceeding standard switchgear rating, and current transformer saturation, are discussed.<>
{"title":"System problems associated with large synchronous motors in TMP plants","authors":"S. Khan, R.W. Brown","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186278","url":null,"abstract":"The problems associated with the application of large synchronous motors for pulp refiners in a traditional 13.8 kV distribution system, including voltage flicker on the utility power system, large size and high reactance for the main transformer, fault levels reaching or exceeding standard switchgear rating, and current transformer saturation, are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124207882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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