Pub Date : 1991-09-09DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186286
D. Zipse
The concern over the health effects of extremely low frequency, 50-60 Hz, electric and magnetic fields is addressed. The voltages and currents generated within the human body are detailed. The values of directly applied voltages and currents that occur when a person comes into contact with energized conductors that are hazardous to humans are compared to the nonhazardous induced voltages and currents. An overview of the animal, cell, and human research and of epidemiological studies is presented. The positions expounded by the various concerned groups are listed, and the standards and values that have been developed by consensus groups are discussed.<>
{"title":"Health effects of extremely low frequency (50 and 60 Hertz) electric and magnetic fields","authors":"D. Zipse","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186286","url":null,"abstract":"The concern over the health effects of extremely low frequency, 50-60 Hz, electric and magnetic fields is addressed. The voltages and currents generated within the human body are detailed. The values of directly applied voltages and currents that occur when a person comes into contact with energized conductors that are hazardous to humans are compared to the nonhazardous induced voltages and currents. An overview of the animal, cell, and human research and of epidemiological studies is presented. The positions expounded by the various concerned groups are listed, and the standards and values that have been developed by consensus groups are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130198637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186281
C. Sandberg
A framework to help judge the merits of personal computer applications is presented, and the idea of interface impedance between the engineer and the computer is discussed. It is argued that, just as in electrical circuits, the effective power transfer of personal computer usage is optimized when the impedance match is optimum. Different engineers have different impedances and different computer hardware/software configurations have different impedances. Some engineers want to do everything on a computer and some want to do nothing. Some tasks should and some should not be done on computers. This concept provides the software developer with guidance in development of useful programs by modeling end users as a spectrum of talent rather than users with assumed homogeneous talent.<>
{"title":"'Impedance match' personal computers with engineers","authors":"C. Sandberg","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186281","url":null,"abstract":"A framework to help judge the merits of personal computer applications is presented, and the idea of interface impedance between the engineer and the computer is discussed. It is argued that, just as in electrical circuits, the effective power transfer of personal computer usage is optimized when the impedance match is optimum. Different engineers have different impedances and different computer hardware/software configurations have different impedances. Some engineers want to do everything on a computer and some want to do nothing. Some tasks should and some should not be done on computers. This concept provides the software developer with guidance in development of useful programs by modeling end users as a spectrum of talent rather than users with assumed homogeneous talent.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"407 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115611107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186291
D. Tobin
Southeast Paper Manufacturing Company's (SEP's) motor control implementation on the Foxboro I/A control system is described. The motor interfaces are accomplished with discrete motor starter connections to the control system. The equipment selection background, standardization of motor control philosophy, standardization of graphics design, graphics operation, control system hardware and software organization, discrete logic and analog logic interconnection, ladder logic design and maintenance, and motor starter and control system wiring are discussed.<>
{"title":"Interfacing motors with the Foxboro I/A system","authors":"D. Tobin","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186291","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Paper Manufacturing Company's (SEP's) motor control implementation on the Foxboro I/A control system is described. The motor interfaces are accomplished with discrete motor starter connections to the control system. The equipment selection background, standardization of motor control philosophy, standardization of graphics design, graphics operation, control system hardware and software organization, discrete logic and analog logic interconnection, ladder logic design and maintenance, and motor starter and control system wiring are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131800389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186280
C. Stephens
The unique characteristics that promote the switched reluctance motor (SRM) for fault tolerance capability, i.e. its ability to continue operation despite faulted motor windings or inverter circuitry, are discussed. It is shown that the magnetic independence of the motor phases and the circuit independence of the inverter phases permit the SRM drive to continue operation with one or more phases disabled. Winding fault detectors indicate the existence of faulted motor windings, and control circuitry acts to block the gating signals to the semiconductor power switches of the affected phase, thus removing excitation from the faulted winding and halting damaging effects that can result from the continued excitation of a faulted winding. The drive an continue operation without the faulted phase.<>
{"title":"Fault detection and management system for fault tolerant switched reluctance motor drives","authors":"C. Stephens","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186280","url":null,"abstract":"The unique characteristics that promote the switched reluctance motor (SRM) for fault tolerance capability, i.e. its ability to continue operation despite faulted motor windings or inverter circuitry, are discussed. It is shown that the magnetic independence of the motor phases and the circuit independence of the inverter phases permit the SRM drive to continue operation with one or more phases disabled. Winding fault detectors indicate the existence of faulted motor windings, and control circuitry acts to block the gating signals to the semiconductor power switches of the affected phase, thus removing excitation from the faulted winding and halting damaging effects that can result from the continued excitation of a faulted winding. The drive an continue operation without the faulted phase.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122327270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186297
C. Klassen, D. Aube
The replacement with a standard programmable logic controller (PLC) of original machine drive system masters that were built with customized computer hardware and firmware difficult to enhance and maintain only twelve years after their introduction is discussed. The reasons for master upgrades, a number of alternate hardware and software solutions for upgrading the original master with a PLC, compatibility of functions of the new PLC master, and master controller communications with drives and operator stations are presented. It is shown that the open architecture of PLCs promises to increase drive options in the future. The framework of the discussion is a project in which a PLC replaced an early design of a digital paper machine drive master.<>
{"title":"Digital paper machine drive master upgrade","authors":"C. Klassen, D. Aube","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186297","url":null,"abstract":"The replacement with a standard programmable logic controller (PLC) of original machine drive system masters that were built with customized computer hardware and firmware difficult to enhance and maintain only twelve years after their introduction is discussed. The reasons for master upgrades, a number of alternate hardware and software solutions for upgrading the original master with a PLC, compatibility of functions of the new PLC master, and master controller communications with drives and operator stations are presented. It is shown that the open architecture of PLCs promises to increase drive options in the future. The framework of the discussion is a project in which a PLC replaced an early design of a digital paper machine drive master.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133162764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186302
R. Soper, T. Davis, P. Jackson, A. L. Vraspir, R. Goan
Panel participants outline their positions on the changes in traditional construction contracts. The participants argue from the perspectives of an engineering/construction management firm, a supplier of engineer/procure/construct contracts, a contractor, and an owner. Each party has a different perspective to meet its needs as well as the needs of its partners.<>
{"title":"Panel discussion: construction contract trends for the 90s","authors":"R. Soper, T. Davis, P. Jackson, A. L. Vraspir, R. Goan","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186302","url":null,"abstract":"Panel participants outline their positions on the changes in traditional construction contracts. The participants argue from the perspectives of an engineering/construction management firm, a supplier of engineer/procure/construct contracts, a contractor, and an owner. Each party has a different perspective to meet its needs as well as the needs of its partners.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120953704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/papcon.1992.186303
J. Daly
An update on the activities currently underway in the electrotechnical area to harmonize product standards, safety standards, and conformity assessment standards and codes throughout North America is presented. The efforts of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), the Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association of Canada (EEMAC), Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) are outlined. Results of the first independent electrical sector harmonization meeting held on January 14-15, 1992, in Cancun, Mexico with twelve US, four Canadian, and nine Mexican attendees are discussed.<>
{"title":"North American electrotechnical standards harmonization","authors":"J. Daly","doi":"10.1109/papcon.1992.186303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/papcon.1992.186303","url":null,"abstract":"An update on the activities currently underway in the electrotechnical area to harmonize product standards, safety standards, and conformity assessment standards and codes throughout North America is presented. The efforts of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), the Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association of Canada (EEMAC), Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) are outlined. Results of the first independent electrical sector harmonization meeting held on January 14-15, 1992, in Cancun, Mexico with twelve US, four Canadian, and nine Mexican attendees are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130833292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186298
R. Crane
The requirements for maintaining an electrohydraulic control system through proper care of the phosphate ester fluid are described. Phosphate ester fluids are used on EHC turbine generator controls for their fire resistant characteristics that reduce the risk of fires if a leak were to occur. Some of the key elements in maintaining the fluid are shown to be cleanliness by proper maintenance and use of the auxiliary filtering system, maintenance of moisture content below 0.10%, maintenance of the temperature of the fluid between 110 degrees F and 115 degrees F, maintenance of resistivity of the fluid above 5000 M Omega /cm, and maintenance of acid neutralization number below 0.20 (mg KOH/g), which is affected by all of the above. The effects of operating a system with contaminated fluid and the cleanup of a contaminated system are discussed.<>
通过对磷酸酯液的适当保养，描述了维护电液控制系统的要求。磷酸酯流体用于EHC涡轮发电机控制，因为它们具有防火特性，可以降低发生泄漏时发生火灾的风险。保持流体的一些关键因素是通过适当的维护和使用辅助过滤系统来保持清洁，保持水分含量在0.10%以下，保持流体的温度在110华氏度到115华氏度之间，保持流体的电阻率在5000 M ω /cm以上，保持酸中和值在0.20 (mg KOH/g)以下，这些都受到上述所有因素的影响。讨论了用污染流体操作系统的影响和污染系统的清理。
{"title":"Maintaining electro-hydraulic-control (EHC) systems for turbine generators using phosphate ester EHC fluid","authors":"R. Crane","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1992.186298","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements for maintaining an electrohydraulic control system through proper care of the phosphate ester fluid are described. Phosphate ester fluids are used on EHC turbine generator controls for their fire resistant characteristics that reduce the risk of fires if a leak were to occur. Some of the key elements in maintaining the fluid are shown to be cleanliness by proper maintenance and use of the auxiliary filtering system, maintenance of moisture content below 0.10%, maintenance of the temperature of the fluid between 110 degrees F and 115 degrees F, maintenance of resistivity of the fluid above 5000 M Omega /cm, and maintenance of acid neutralization number below 0.20 (mg KOH/g), which is affected by all of the above. The effects of operating a system with contaminated fluid and the cleanup of a contaminated system are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":174734,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record on Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121138244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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