This study aimed to investigate how degradation of organic matters in surface water by ultraviolet-activated persulfate (UV/PS) contributed to mitigation of formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs) comparing with conventional UV-activated hydrogen peroxide (UV/H 2 O 2 ). A surface water sample containing 10 mM of PS or H 2 O 2 was irradiated up to 3,000 mJ/cm 2 of 254 nm UV lump. Consequently, 3,000 mJ/cm 2 of UV/PS reduced formation potentials (FP) of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and bromochloroacetnitrile (BCAN) from 3.8 to 0.2 µg/L and 2.8 to 0.6 µg/L, respectively. UV/H 2 O 2 also showed similar tendencies but reductions of DCAN and BCAN were less significant. However, both UV/PS and UV/H 2 O 2 were likely to increase FP of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN). Additionally, correlation coefficient tests indicated that degradation of chromophore aromatic compounds and ful - vic acid-like substances by both UV/PS and UV/H 2 O 2 showed significant correlations with reduction of DCAN-FP. Degradation of some fluorophore aromatic proteins by UV/PS correlated to reduction of BCAN-FP, while increase of other portions of fluorophore aromatic proteins by UV/H 2 O 2 correlated to increase of DBAN-FP. Precursors of DCAN were easily decomposed by both treatments, whereas precursors of brominated HANs (BCAN and DBAN) were not preferentially attacked by them. However, strong oxidation potential of UV/PS achieved decomposition of these organic moieties.
{"title":"Effects of UV/PS and UV/H2O2 on Degradation of Natural Organic Matter and Formation Potential of Haloacetonitriles in Surface Water","authors":"Yuichirou Murata, H. Sakai, K. Kosaka","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-065","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate how degradation of organic matters in surface water by ultraviolet-activated persulfate (UV/PS) contributed to mitigation of formation of haloacetonitriles (HANs) comparing with conventional UV-activated hydrogen peroxide (UV/H 2 O 2 ). A surface water sample containing 10 mM of PS or H 2 O 2 was irradiated up to 3,000 mJ/cm 2 of 254 nm UV lump. Consequently, 3,000 mJ/cm 2 of UV/PS reduced formation potentials (FP) of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and bromochloroacetnitrile (BCAN) from 3.8 to 0.2 µg/L and 2.8 to 0.6 µg/L, respectively. UV/H 2 O 2 also showed similar tendencies but reductions of DCAN and BCAN were less significant. However, both UV/PS and UV/H 2 O 2 were likely to increase FP of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN). Additionally, correlation coefficient tests indicated that degradation of chromophore aromatic compounds and ful - vic acid-like substances by both UV/PS and UV/H 2 O 2 showed significant correlations with reduction of DCAN-FP. Degradation of some fluorophore aromatic proteins by UV/PS correlated to reduction of BCAN-FP, while increase of other portions of fluorophore aromatic proteins by UV/H 2 O 2 correlated to increase of DBAN-FP. Precursors of DCAN were easily decomposed by both treatments, whereas precursors of brominated HANs (BCAN and DBAN) were not preferentially attacked by them. However, strong oxidation potential of UV/PS achieved decomposition of these organic moieties.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tosa, Genki Nakamura, Kota Miyabayashi, Haruna Ishisaki, Y. Takahashi
Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are porous materials with large specific surface area and pore ume, and are expected to be used as separation materials for environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of MIL-53(Al), a type of PCP, for the separation of geosmin and 2-MIB. The adsorption performance of MIL-53(Al) for methylene blue and iodine was determined to be lower than that of activated carbon. The time required for the adsorption of musty odorants by MIL-53(Al) was longer than that by activated carbon, and the final adsorption amount was lower than that by activated carbon. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms for the adsorption of musty odorants by each adsorbent were prepared and their adsorption performance was evaluated. The amount of odorant adsorbed by MIL-53(Al) in pure water was extremely low compared to that of activated carbon. On the other hand, the amount of odorants adsorbed by MIL-53(Al) in raw water for water supply was not much lower than that of activated carbon. This study suggests that adsorbents with uniform pore size, such as MIL-53(Al), are less susceptible to interference by other coexisting substances. This finding may be important for future development of adsorbents for musty odorants.
{"title":"Adsorption of Geosmin and 2-MIB to Porous Coordination Polymer MIL-53(Al)","authors":"K. Tosa, Genki Nakamura, Kota Miyabayashi, Haruna Ishisaki, Y. Takahashi","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-072","url":null,"abstract":"Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are porous materials with large specific surface area and pore ume, and are expected to be used as separation materials for environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of MIL-53(Al), a type of PCP, for the separation of geosmin and 2-MIB. The adsorption performance of MIL-53(Al) for methylene blue and iodine was determined to be lower than that of activated carbon. The time required for the adsorption of musty odorants by MIL-53(Al) was longer than that by activated carbon, and the final adsorption amount was lower than that by activated carbon. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms for the adsorption of musty odorants by each adsorbent were prepared and their adsorption performance was evaluated. The amount of odorant adsorbed by MIL-53(Al) in pure water was extremely low compared to that of activated carbon. On the other hand, the amount of odorants adsorbed by MIL-53(Al) in raw water for water supply was not much lower than that of activated carbon. This study suggests that adsorbents with uniform pore size, such as MIL-53(Al), are less susceptible to interference by other coexisting substances. This finding may be important for future development of adsorbents for musty odorants.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Simazaki, T. Marubayashi, Takahiro Yokoi, Akie Watanabe, Shigeyuki Nomoto, M. Ichikawa, Masahiko Kiyozuka
In recent years, Japanese water utilities are facing pressing problems like staff shortage and climate-induced water quality deterioration. Utilization of online water quality monitoring data have received increasing attention to address these problems. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 32 water utilities to comprehend current situation of online water quality monitors (OWQMs), including installation of OWQMs and critical obstacles, water quality items monitored, utilization of water quality dataset, and future challenges. Turbidity, pH, and chlorine were mostly monitored using OWQMs from source to tap, for determining operating conditions of water purification process. Turbidity, pH, toxic substance, musty-odor substance, and residual chlorine were regarded as highly significant for both operational management and risk management. Initial/operational costs, measurement accuracy, and maintenance work volume were typical obstacles of OWQM installation. Nineteen out of the 32 water utilities have utilized water quality dataset obtained by OWQMs for predicting residual chlo-rine/bromate concentration, and for determining injection ratio of chemical coagulant and powdered activate carbon. Further OWQM installation and data utilization would be the key to strengthen the basis of water supply systems in Japan.
{"title":"Questionnaire Survey on Installation of Online Water Quality Monitors and Data Utilization for Water Supply Systems in Japan","authors":"D. Simazaki, T. Marubayashi, Takahiro Yokoi, Akie Watanabe, Shigeyuki Nomoto, M. Ichikawa, Masahiko Kiyozuka","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-085","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Japanese water utilities are facing pressing problems like staff shortage and climate-induced water quality deterioration. Utilization of online water quality monitoring data have received increasing attention to address these problems. A questionnaire survey was carried out for 32 water utilities to comprehend current situation of online water quality monitors (OWQMs), including installation of OWQMs and critical obstacles, water quality items monitored, utilization of water quality dataset, and future challenges. Turbidity, pH, and chlorine were mostly monitored using OWQMs from source to tap, for determining operating conditions of water purification process. Turbidity, pH, toxic substance, musty-odor substance, and residual chlorine were regarded as highly significant for both operational management and risk management. Initial/operational costs, measurement accuracy, and maintenance work volume were typical obstacles of OWQM installation. Nineteen out of the 32 water utilities have utilized water quality dataset obtained by OWQMs for predicting residual chlo-rine/bromate concentration, and for determining injection ratio of chemical coagulant and powdered activate carbon. Further OWQM installation and data utilization would be the key to strengthen the basis of water supply systems in Japan.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiichiro Fujinaga, Saiki Umeda, M. Heya, Hitoshi Ogata, N. Kishimoto
{"title":"Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Internal Resistances of Discharging Microbial Fuel Cells","authors":"Aiichiro Fujinaga, Saiki Umeda, M. Heya, Hitoshi Ogata, N. Kishimoto","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics adversely affect organisms through physical damage, inhibition of food assimilation, and/or toxicity of chemical leachates. We investigated the influence of feeding mode on microplastic ingestion by using polystyrene microbeads (diameter: 4.1 and 20.6 μm) and the estuarine benthic amphipod Grandidierella japonica , which can switch between filter-feeding and deposit-feeding modes. When provided with sediment, amphipods burrowed and were in the filter-feeding mode; they ingested 4.1 and 20.6 μm beads in the ratio at which the two sizes were suspended in the water. Without sediment, however, the amphipods were mainly in the deposit-feeding mode and ingested more 20.6 μm beads, which tended to be deposited on the bottom, compared with 4.1 μm beads. In addition, the number of microbeads ingested by the amphipods in sediment increased as the amount of food provided ( i.e ., fish food TetraMin) increased, whereas no such increase was observed for the amphipods without sediment. These results indicate that the microbead ingestion was dependent on feeding mode ( i.e ., presence/absence of sediment), amount of food, and distribution of microbeads ( i.e. , sizes of microbeads). To better understand the ingestion, accumulation, and toxicity of microplastics in aquatic environments, we recommend that more attention be paid to behavioral changes in benthic organisms.
{"title":"Microplastic Ingestion by a Benthic Amphipod in Different Feeding Modes","authors":"Kyoshiro Hiki, F. Nakajima","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-057","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics adversely affect organisms through physical damage, inhibition of food assimilation, and/or toxicity of chemical leachates. We investigated the influence of feeding mode on microplastic ingestion by using polystyrene microbeads (diameter: 4.1 and 20.6 μm) and the estuarine benthic amphipod Grandidierella japonica , which can switch between filter-feeding and deposit-feeding modes. When provided with sediment, amphipods burrowed and were in the filter-feeding mode; they ingested 4.1 and 20.6 μm beads in the ratio at which the two sizes were suspended in the water. Without sediment, however, the amphipods were mainly in the deposit-feeding mode and ingested more 20.6 μm beads, which tended to be deposited on the bottom, compared with 4.1 μm beads. In addition, the number of microbeads ingested by the amphipods in sediment increased as the amount of food provided ( i.e ., fish food TetraMin) increased, whereas no such increase was observed for the amphipods without sediment. These results indicate that the microbead ingestion was dependent on feeding mode ( i.e ., presence/absence of sediment), amount of food, and distribution of microbeads ( i.e. , sizes of microbeads). To better understand the ingestion, accumulation, and toxicity of microplastics in aquatic environments, we recommend that more attention be paid to behavioral changes in benthic organisms.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuta Shinfuku, H. Takanashi, T. Nakajima, I. Kasuga, M. Akiba
Algal bloom in a closed water basin is sometimes problematic, especially in terms of the off-flavor in tap water because of an increased amount of odorous metabolites produced by them. Unfortunately, the current water purification process does not always function properly to remove odorants in tap water. Fishy odor is one of the most frequently detected off-flavor in tap water across the world and a number of papers have studied its occurrence mechanism; however, the determination of its causal substance remains rather formidable. The objective of this review paper is therefore to pave a way for unequivocal identification of a causal substance of the fishy odor. We propose that focusing on already reported odorants is not enough to achieve this; an unknown odorant possibly contributes to the occurrence of the fishy odor. An extensive exploration using a novel technique, such as a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis, can be a promising methodology to discover proper odorant.
{"title":"The Status Quo of Causal Substance Exploration for Fishy Odor in Raw Water for Taps","authors":"Yuta Shinfuku, H. Takanashi, T. Nakajima, I. Kasuga, M. Akiba","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-135","url":null,"abstract":"Algal bloom in a closed water basin is sometimes problematic, especially in terms of the off-flavor in tap water because of an increased amount of odorous metabolites produced by them. Unfortunately, the current water purification process does not always function properly to remove odorants in tap water. Fishy odor is one of the most frequently detected off-flavor in tap water across the world and a number of papers have studied its occurrence mechanism; however, the determination of its causal substance remains rather formidable. The objective of this review paper is therefore to pave a way for unequivocal identification of a causal substance of the fishy odor. We propose that focusing on already reported odorants is not enough to achieve this; an unknown odorant possibly contributes to the occurrence of the fishy odor. An extensive exploration using a novel technique, such as a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis, can be a promising methodology to discover proper odorant.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypoxia develops in bottom water in enclosed water bodies with limited water exchange and long water retention times, especially near the river mouth. The inner part of Tokyo Bay is an example. This study is focused on the development and decline of hypoxia around the Haneda Airport D-runway, which was constructed nearby the river mouth of the Tama River, and a comparison was made between monitoring data at a monitoring post at the Haneda Airport and those far off the river mouth nearby Kawasaki artificial island. Multiple sets of data have been incorporated, including water quality data collected every hour in monitoring posts by MLIT, and meteorological data of JMA. The hypoxia period and the average thickness of hypoxia were calculated, and the sudden recovery of DO was analyzed. The analysis revealed general characteristics of hypoxia development and its decline. Especially, three mechanisms of the DO recovery process were found to be dominated nearby the river mouth: strong and continued southerly wind, the intrusion of dense oceanic water, and extreme freshwater discharge of the Tama River associated with the typhoon. Year-to-year variations of hypoxia periods or volume at Haneda Airport showed no increasing tendency of hypoxia after the construction of the D-runway.
{"title":"Analysis of Development and Decline of Hypoxia by Using Monitoring Data Collected near The Tama River Estuary of Tokyo Bay","authors":"M. Karim, Muhammad Ali Hafeez, Yoshiyuki Nakamura","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-061","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia develops in bottom water in enclosed water bodies with limited water exchange and long water retention times, especially near the river mouth. The inner part of Tokyo Bay is an example. This study is focused on the development and decline of hypoxia around the Haneda Airport D-runway, which was constructed nearby the river mouth of the Tama River, and a comparison was made between monitoring data at a monitoring post at the Haneda Airport and those far off the river mouth nearby Kawasaki artificial island. Multiple sets of data have been incorporated, including water quality data collected every hour in monitoring posts by MLIT, and meteorological data of JMA. The hypoxia period and the average thickness of hypoxia were calculated, and the sudden recovery of DO was analyzed. The analysis revealed general characteristics of hypoxia development and its decline. Especially, three mechanisms of the DO recovery process were found to be dominated nearby the river mouth: strong and continued southerly wind, the intrusion of dense oceanic water, and extreme freshwater discharge of the Tama River associated with the typhoon. Year-to-year variations of hypoxia periods or volume at Haneda Airport showed no increasing tendency of hypoxia after the construction of the D-runway.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To analyze physiological and biochemical marker responses of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica under global warming conditions, different water temperatures (20°C and 25°C), salinity (5 and 20 psu), and food availability (0.5 and 2.0 mg SS ind −1 d −1 ) levels were tested. Appropriate biomarkers were selected based on the sensitivity of biomarker responses, condition index (CI), energy reserves, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, oxyradical-absorbance capacity, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) ( p < 0.05), and five methods of integrated biomarker response index (IBR) were calculated. CI, SOD, and LPO were employed for IBR I , although four biochemical biomarkers were generally employed for IBR. At high water temperature (HT), all biomarkers were deleteriously affected. HT significantly affected all the IBR methods ( p < 0.05), and the highest correlation was discovered in IBR I (r = 0.92, p < 0.01). The lowest and highest IBRs were observed at natural (control = 1.14) and global warming (HT = 2.43) conditions, respectively. The contribution of LPO scores was higher under HT, demon-strating poor organism health. Based on our estimates, three sensitive biomarkers could detect stress in C. japonica under global warming conditions. We conclude that the IBR method based on sensitive biomarkers should be used to quantify anthropogenic impacts on aquatic organisms, especially C. japonica .
{"title":"Integrated Biomarker Responses of a Brackish Water Clam to Global Warming Conditions","authors":"P. Pokhrel, Jumpei Suzuki, M. Fujita","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-066","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze physiological and biochemical marker responses of brackish water clam Corbicula japonica under global warming conditions, different water temperatures (20°C and 25°C), salinity (5 and 20 psu), and food availability (0.5 and 2.0 mg SS ind −1 d −1 ) levels were tested. Appropriate biomarkers were selected based on the sensitivity of biomarker responses, condition index (CI), energy reserves, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, oxyradical-absorbance capacity, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) ( p < 0.05), and five methods of integrated biomarker response index (IBR) were calculated. CI, SOD, and LPO were employed for IBR I , although four biochemical biomarkers were generally employed for IBR. At high water temperature (HT), all biomarkers were deleteriously affected. HT significantly affected all the IBR methods ( p < 0.05), and the highest correlation was discovered in IBR I (r = 0.92, p < 0.01). The lowest and highest IBRs were observed at natural (control = 1.14) and global warming (HT = 2.43) conditions, respectively. The contribution of LPO scores was higher under HT, demon-strating poor organism health. Based on our estimates, three sensitive biomarkers could detect stress in C. japonica under global warming conditions. We conclude that the IBR method based on sensitive biomarkers should be used to quantify anthropogenic impacts on aquatic organisms, especially C. japonica .","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regina Mardatillah, Tiffany Joan Sotelo, Yuta Shinfuku, F. Kurisu, H. Satoh
The effect of anionic surfactants on organic matter degradation during enhanced in-sewer purification by porous media was evaluated in this study. Surfactants, wherein the anionic subgroup comprises a significant portion of surfactant load in domestic wastewater, are anticipated to affect biofilm activity during enhanced in-sewer purification negatively. To evaluate this, synthetic feed containing a fixed concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and different anionic surfactant concentrations was supplied intermittently to an airtight channel intended for enhanced in-sewer purification for 32 days. Dodecylbenzene sulfonate, as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, was used as a model anionic surfactant. Results showed that increased anionic surfactant concentration up to 160 mg L −1 decreased aerobic organic matter degradation rate by up to 36% of the initial rate. It was inferred from the com-positional analysis of effluent surfactants by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry that the accumulation of possible inhibitory intermediate products may have caused decline in rates over time. Recovery of aerobic activity related to organic matter degradation was observed with continued operation under decreasing influent anionic surfactant concentration. Findings highlight that although increased surfactants concentrations negatively affected aerobic activity, aerobic organic matter was still continuously degraded aerobically.
{"title":"Assessing the Effect of Anionic Surfactants on the Performance of Enhanced In-sewer Purification with Porous Media","authors":"Regina Mardatillah, Tiffany Joan Sotelo, Yuta Shinfuku, F. Kurisu, H. Satoh","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-083","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of anionic surfactants on organic matter degradation during enhanced in-sewer purification by porous media was evaluated in this study. Surfactants, wherein the anionic subgroup comprises a significant portion of surfactant load in domestic wastewater, are anticipated to affect biofilm activity during enhanced in-sewer purification negatively. To evaluate this, synthetic feed containing a fixed concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and different anionic surfactant concentrations was supplied intermittently to an airtight channel intended for enhanced in-sewer purification for 32 days. Dodecylbenzene sulfonate, as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, was used as a model anionic surfactant. Results showed that increased anionic surfactant concentration up to 160 mg L −1 decreased aerobic organic matter degradation rate by up to 36% of the initial rate. It was inferred from the com-positional analysis of effluent surfactants by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry that the accumulation of possible inhibitory intermediate products may have caused decline in rates over time. Recovery of aerobic activity related to organic matter degradation was observed with continued operation under decreasing influent anionic surfactant concentration. Findings highlight that although increased surfactants concentrations negatively affected aerobic activity, aerobic organic matter was still continuously degraded aerobically.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Panggang and the Wonosari-Baron Hydrogeological Subsystems are part of the Gunungsewu karst landscape in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This landscape has many dolines as one of the epikarst of the phenomenon. These dolines usually classified as solution dolines. This study aims to determine the presence or absence of groundwater flow in doline based on hydrochemical characteristics. Hydrochemical data were collected during the dry and rainy seasons, supplemented by water doline sampling on the ten selected dolines. Data were taken from the field and laboratory, both in physical (color, taste, odor, and turbidity) and chemical (pH, EC, and ionic content) properties of water. The hydrochemical analysis was performed using Stiff and Gibbs diagrams. The doline’s water has Ca and Na-bicarbonate facies during the dry season but tends to change to Ca-bicarbonate facies in the rainy season. The water-rock interaction process and precipitation found strongly influence the hydrochemistry of dolines water. The hydrogeological system involves conduit-type groundwater flow. The groundwater is interpreted to contribute to the water doline based on its hydrochemistry, both locally and regionally.
{"title":"Groundwater Contributing to Doline Hydrochemistry in Panggang and Wonosari-Baron Hydrogeological Subsystems, Indonesia","authors":"T. R.A., Ridayati","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-141","url":null,"abstract":"The Panggang and the Wonosari-Baron Hydrogeological Subsystems are part of the Gunungsewu karst landscape in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This landscape has many dolines as one of the epikarst of the phenomenon. These dolines usually classified as solution dolines. This study aims to determine the presence or absence of groundwater flow in doline based on hydrochemical characteristics. Hydrochemical data were collected during the dry and rainy seasons, supplemented by water doline sampling on the ten selected dolines. Data were taken from the field and laboratory, both in physical (color, taste, odor, and turbidity) and chemical (pH, EC, and ionic content) properties of water. The hydrochemical analysis was performed using Stiff and Gibbs diagrams. The doline’s water has Ca and Na-bicarbonate facies during the dry season but tends to change to Ca-bicarbonate facies in the rainy season. The water-rock interaction process and precipitation found strongly influence the hydrochemistry of dolines water. The hydrogeological system involves conduit-type groundwater flow. The groundwater is interpreted to contribute to the water doline based on its hydrochemistry, both locally and regionally.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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