Seasonal samples of water, sediments, and two submerged plants, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton pectinatus , were collected from four sites within Al-Hawizeh marsh between December 2017 and November 2018 to assess several heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn) and analyzed by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All concentrations were compared to permissible limits for aquatic life. The findings have clarified levels of metals so as the following: Sediments > plants > water. Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment decreased within the sequence Fe > Ni > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn > Pb (mg/kg), plants as Fe > Zn > Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu (mg/kg dry weight), in water as Fe > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd (mg/L). The concentrations of all metals in water didn’t exceed the permissible limit, thus Fe, Ni, and Pb showed a greater concentration in water samples than other metals. In sediments Fe, Ni, and Cd have exceeded the permissible limits except Cd wasn’t detected (ND) during the winter, whereas, Zn and Pb didn’t exceed the recommended limits. In-plant samples as C. demersum Fe, Cd, Zn, and Cr have exceeded the allowable limits, while Cu and Pb didn’t exceed the permissible limits, also in P. pectinatus Fe, Cd, and Zn have exceeded the permissible limits, whereas, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Pb didn’t exceed the permissible limits altogether seasons during this study. The correlation of Pearson was administered to detect the interrelationship between metal concentrations. A significant positive correlation ( p ≤ 0.05) was found in sediment rather than plants and water samples.
2017年12月至2018年11月，在Al-Hawizeh沼泽的4个地点收集了季节性的水、沉积物和两种淹没植物——长尾角藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和马铃薯(Potamogeton pectinatus)样本，评估了几种重金属(Fe、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb、Cr和Zn)的浓度，并使用火焰原子吸收分光光度计进行了分析。将所有浓度与水生生物的允许限值进行比较。这些发现澄清了金属的含量，如下所示:沉积物、植物、水。沉积物中重金属浓度递减顺序为Fe > Ni > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn > Pb (mg/kg)，植物为Fe > Zn > Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu (mg/kg干重)，水中为Fe > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd (mg/L)。所有金属在水中的浓度都没有超过允许的限度，其中Fe、Ni和Pb在水样中的浓度高于其他金属。沉积物中除冬季未检出Cd (ND)外，Fe、Ni、Cd均超过允许限量，Zn、Pb均未超过推荐限量。植物内样品中铁、镉、锌、铬超标，而铜、铅未超标，果木中铁、镉、锌超标，而Ni、Cu、Cr、Pb在本研究期间均未超标。采用Pearson相关法检测金属浓度之间的相互关系。植物与水样与沉积物呈显著正相关(p≤0.05)。
{"title":"Preliminary Assessment of Several Heavy Metal Ions (Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd) in Water, Sediment, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Potamogeton pectinatus Plants from Marsh Al-Hawizeh, Iraq","authors":"Al-thahaibawi B.m.h.","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-160","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal samples of water, sediments, and two submerged plants, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton pectinatus , were collected from four sites within Al-Hawizeh marsh between December 2017 and November 2018 to assess several heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn) and analyzed by using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All concentrations were compared to permissible limits for aquatic life. The findings have clarified levels of metals so as the following: Sediments > plants > water. Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment decreased within the sequence Fe > Ni > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn > Pb (mg/kg), plants as Fe > Zn > Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cu (mg/kg dry weight), in water as Fe > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cd (mg/L). The concentrations of all metals in water didn’t exceed the permissible limit, thus Fe, Ni, and Pb showed a greater concentration in water samples than other metals. In sediments Fe, Ni, and Cd have exceeded the permissible limits except Cd wasn’t detected (ND) during the winter, whereas, Zn and Pb didn’t exceed the recommended limits. In-plant samples as C. demersum Fe, Cd, Zn, and Cr have exceeded the allowable limits, while Cu and Pb didn’t exceed the permissible limits, also in P. pectinatus Fe, Cd, and Zn have exceeded the permissible limits, whereas, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Pb didn’t exceed the permissible limits altogether seasons during this study. The correlation of Pearson was administered to detect the interrelationship between metal concentrations. A significant positive correlation ( p ≤ 0.05) was found in sediment rather than plants and water samples.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pokhrel, Hiroki Machida, Shumona Akther, Jumpei Suzuki, M. Fujita
Field experiments were conducted at brackish-water sites (Lake Hinuma, Hinuma River, and Naka River) to investigate oxidative stress responses of a brackish-water clam, Corbicula japonica, to sediment composition and water quality. To ascertain the influence of the sediment composition, clams were subjected to three test sediments with different contents of clay/silt and organic matter from the same site. Sediment with ~33% of clay/silt content and ~10% of ignition loss exhibited decreased oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) within two weeks (p < 0.05). However, sediment with less than ~20% of clay/silt content and/or ~7% of ignition loss had no influence on ORAC (p > 0.05). To ascertain the influence of the water quality, clams were placed in baskets without sediment at four brackish-water sites. Significant differences in ORAC were observed in response to salinity and chlorophyll a (Chl a) (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the levels of salinity and water temperature as well as variations in Chl a, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity for 1 d prior to the sampling date affected ORAC. We concluded that natural influencing factors need to be considered in ORAC assays for C. japonica, when anthropogenic impacts are assessed.
{"title":"Antioxidant Responses of a Brackish Water Clam to Sediment Composition and Water Quality: a Field Experiment","authors":"P. Pokhrel, Hiroki Machida, Shumona Akther, Jumpei Suzuki, M. Fujita","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-137","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at brackish-water sites (Lake Hinuma, Hinuma River, and Naka River) to investigate oxidative stress responses of a brackish-water clam, Corbicula japonica, to sediment composition and water quality. To ascertain the influence of the sediment composition, clams were subjected to three test sediments with different contents of clay/silt and organic matter from the same site. Sediment with ~33% of clay/silt content and ~10% of ignition loss exhibited decreased oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) within two weeks (p < 0.05). However, sediment with less than ~20% of clay/silt content and/or ~7% of ignition loss had no influence on ORAC (p > 0.05). To ascertain the influence of the water quality, clams were placed in baskets without sediment at four brackish-water sites. Significant differences in ORAC were observed in response to salinity and chlorophyll a (Chl a) (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the levels of salinity and water temperature as well as variations in Chl a, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity for 1 d prior to the sampling date affected ORAC. We concluded that natural influencing factors need to be considered in ORAC assays for C. japonica, when anthropogenic impacts are assessed.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69269331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiichiro Fujinaga, Y. Yamaguchi, N. Kishimoto, S. Taniguchi
To assess the effect of temperature on the electric power generation of a microbial fuel cell (MFC), a series of experiments was conducted across a 5–55°C temperature range. We found that the currents generated were not proportional to the temperature, with the currents at 15 and 45°C higher than those at other temperatures. In order to determine the reason for this, a mathematical model, using a diffusion layer in an MFC, was developed, and analysis of this model suggested that the MFC temperature characteristics were caused by aerobic and anaerobic reactions being lower at 15 and 45°C. Our calculations indicated that the consumption of organic compounds predominantly occurred at specific temperatures and that diffusion of the compounds affected the current. These calculations made it possible to estimate the influence of aerobic and anaerobic reactions on power generation in the MFC within a prescribed temperature range. This work suggests that, using this model, competi tive reactions in electrogenic bacteria could be controlled by setting the correct temperature.
{"title":"Model-based Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on Electric Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells","authors":"Aiichiro Fujinaga, Y. Yamaguchi, N. Kishimoto, S. Taniguchi","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-142","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the effect of temperature on the electric power generation of a microbial fuel cell (MFC), a series of experiments was conducted across a 5–55°C temperature range. We found that the currents generated were not proportional to the temperature, with the currents at 15 and 45°C higher than those at other temperatures. In order to determine the reason for this, a mathematical model, using a diffusion layer in an MFC, was developed, and analysis of this model suggested that the MFC temperature characteristics were caused by aerobic and anaerobic reactions being lower at 15 and 45°C. Our calculations indicated that the consumption of organic compounds predominantly occurred at specific temperatures and that diffusion of the compounds affected the current. These calculations made it possible to estimate the influence of aerobic and anaerobic reactions on power generation in the MFC within a prescribed temperature range. This work suggests that, using this model, competi tive reactions in electrogenic bacteria could be controlled by setting the correct temperature.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69269771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wada, N. Kishimoto, I. Somiya, Toshihiko Sato, K. Ueno
The aim of this study was to survey the behavior of water quality and surface sediment during the growth period of submerged macrophytes. Their dynamics were investigated by a microcosm experiment. In midsummer, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the column with vegetation (Column A) was kept low and the inorganic nitrogen loading in the first 15 days was about 3 times lower than that of the column without vegetation (Column B). The vegetated column prevented algal blooms in midsummer and was checked to see zooplankton and zoobenthos during the biological active period. The rate of change of masses of carbon and nutrients in the sediment before and after the column experiment were calculated on the basis of the contents of each and sediment thickness (0 to 5 cm). Masses of organic carbon in Column A and Column B in the sediment after 100 days were estimated to decrease by 14 and 23%, respectively. Masses of nitrogen in Column A and Column B in the sediment after 100 days were estimated to decrease by 11 and 26%, respectively. Thus, the mass reduction rate of the vegetated column was 10 to 16% less than that of the column without vegetation.
{"title":"Impact of Submerged Macrophytes on Behavior of Organic Carbon and Nutrients: An Experimental Study","authors":"K. Wada, N. Kishimoto, I. Somiya, Toshihiko Sato, K. Ueno","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-088","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to survey the behavior of water quality and surface sediment during the growth period of submerged macrophytes. Their dynamics were investigated by a microcosm experiment. In midsummer, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the column with vegetation (Column A) was kept low and the inorganic nitrogen loading in the first 15 days was about 3 times lower than that of the column without vegetation (Column B). The vegetated column prevented algal blooms in midsummer and was checked to see zooplankton and zoobenthos during the biological active period. The rate of change of masses of carbon and nutrients in the sediment before and after the column experiment were calculated on the basis of the contents of each and sediment thickness (0 to 5 cm). Masses of organic carbon in Column A and Column B in the sediment after 100 days were estimated to decrease by 14 and 23%, respectively. Masses of nitrogen in Column A and Column B in the sediment after 100 days were estimated to decrease by 11 and 26%, respectively. Thus, the mass reduction rate of the vegetated column was 10 to 16% less than that of the column without vegetation.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69266010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Deeba, Syed Hafizur Rahman, M. Z. Kabir, Nafisa Tamanaya Dina, S. Das, S. Sultana, F. T. Ahmed
Groundwater provides the largest source of usable water storage in Bangladesh. Groundwater samples have been analyzed for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Co using atomic absorption spectrophotometer to evaluate the heavy metal distribution and contamination level at the southeastern coastal area of Bangladesh. Heavy metals in water samples are in the range of Fe (490–4710 μg/L), Mn (13–1970 μg/L), Zn (70–550 μg/L), Ni (42–255 μg/L), Cr (25–133 μg/L), Cu (34–95 μg/L), Cd (7–26 μg/L), Pb (0–20 μg/L), and Co (43–141 μg/L). The mean concentration of Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni exceeded the Bangladesh standards for drinking water. Application of Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicate that groundwater of the study area are influenced by both geogenic and anthropogenic sources of the heavy metals. Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), degree of contamination (Cd) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) are employed to evaluate the overall pollution level of groundwater estimating 40, 27 and 60% of samples respectively and exhibit the medium degree of pollution.
{"title":"Heavy Metals Distribution and Contamination in Groundwater of the South Eastern Coastal Area of Bangladesh","authors":"F. Deeba, Syed Hafizur Rahman, M. Z. Kabir, Nafisa Tamanaya Dina, S. Das, S. Sultana, F. T. Ahmed","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-169","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater provides the largest source of usable water storage in Bangladesh. Groundwater samples have been analyzed for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Co using atomic absorption spectrophotometer to evaluate the heavy metal distribution and contamination level at the southeastern coastal area of Bangladesh. Heavy metals in water samples are in the range of Fe (490–4710 μg/L), Mn (13–1970 μg/L), Zn (70–550 μg/L), Ni (42–255 μg/L), Cr (25–133 μg/L), Cu (34–95 μg/L), Cd (7–26 μg/L), Pb (0–20 μg/L), and Co (43–141 μg/L). The mean concentration of Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni exceeded the Bangladesh standards for drinking water. Application of Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicate that groundwater of the study area are influenced by both geogenic and anthropogenic sources of the heavy metals. Heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), degree of contamination (Cd) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) are employed to evaluate the overall pollution level of groundwater estimating 40, 27 and 60% of samples respectively and exhibit the medium degree of pollution.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study developed a fate model of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including acetaminophen, caffeine, and crotamiton, derived from combined sewer overflow (CSO) in the Tokyo coastal area. The target PPCPs were proposed as promising sewage markers having different persistency during treatment processes and in the environmental water. The PPCP model consists of hydrodynamic calculations and environmental kinetics by biodegradation and photodegradation. We considered inputs from pumping stations, sewage treatment plants, and urban rivers as CSO sources. We measured the PPCPs concentrations, Escherichia coli , and salinity in the collected surface water samples from several locations around Tokyo coastal area for consecutive days after rainfall events in October 2017 (113 mm), June 2018 (81 mm), and July 2018 (67 mm). We found high correspondence between simulation and monitoring results on E. coli and three PPCPs in the coastal locations for all events, suggesting that the model has the potential to quantitatively evaluate CSO-derived con taminants in the Odaiba Seaside Park and nearby locations. Simulation showed that acetaminophen concentration rapidly declined due to its susceptibility to sunlight and biodegradation. Caffeine and E. coli showed different attenuation rates, whereas crotamiton concentration did not change because of its comparable concentration level in CSO. limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, and recovery.
{"title":"Fate Evaluation of CSO-derived PPCPs and Escherichia coli in Tokyo Coastal Area after Rainfall Events by a Three-dimensional Water Quality Model","authors":"Chomphunut Poopipattana, H. Furumai","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-139","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed a fate model of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including acetaminophen, caffeine, and crotamiton, derived from combined sewer overflow (CSO) in the Tokyo coastal area. The target PPCPs were proposed as promising sewage markers having different persistency during treatment processes and in the environmental water. The PPCP model consists of hydrodynamic calculations and environmental kinetics by biodegradation and photodegradation. We considered inputs from pumping stations, sewage treatment plants, and urban rivers as CSO sources. We measured the PPCPs concentrations, Escherichia coli , and salinity in the collected surface water samples from several locations around Tokyo coastal area for consecutive days after rainfall events in October 2017 (113 mm), June 2018 (81 mm), and July 2018 (67 mm). We found high correspondence between simulation and monitoring results on E. coli and three PPCPs in the coastal locations for all events, suggesting that the model has the potential to quantitatively evaluate CSO-derived con taminants in the Odaiba Seaside Park and nearby locations. Simulation showed that acetaminophen concentration rapidly declined due to its susceptibility to sunlight and biodegradation. Caffeine and E. coli showed different attenuation rates, whereas crotamiton concentration did not change because of its comparable concentration level in CSO. limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, and recovery.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69269394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.A.O.K. Meetiyagoda, K. Fadilah, Masayori Hagimori, M. D. H. J. Senavirathna, T. Fujino
The main aims of this study were to investigate the impact of humic acid (HA) on zinc (Zn) accumulation in aquatic plants and to study a low-molecular-weight Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe to visualize and quantify the tissue-level Zn concentrations. Ceratophyllum demersum and Aldrovanda vesiculosa were exposed to solutions containing Zn (1 and 3 mg/L), HA (0.5 mg/L), and Zn with HA for nine days. The Zn accumulation (mg/g) in the plants was measured by ICP-OES and we applied a Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe with a low molecular weight to the analysis of Zn in C. demersum plant cells using fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software. The application of HA reduced the Zn accumulation significantly (p < 0.05) and increased the chlorophyll concentration slightly less significantly (p > 0.05) in both plants. Results obtained from ImageJ revealed a strong positive correlation between fluorescence intensity and the Zn accumulation in C. demersum (r = 0.988). We showed that the application of HA reduced the Zn accumulation in both plants, and successfully visualized and quantified that a Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe with a low molecular weight can be applied to the diagnosis of Zn osmosis into a cell or tissue on the basis of fluorescence intensity.
{"title":"Visualization and Quantification of the Impact of Humic Acid on Zinc Accumulation in Aquatic Plants Using a Low-Molecular-Weight Fluorescent Probe","authors":"T.A.O.K. Meetiyagoda, K. Fadilah, Masayori Hagimori, M. D. H. J. Senavirathna, T. Fujino","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-110","url":null,"abstract":"The main aims of this study were to investigate the impact of humic acid (HA) on zinc (Zn) accumulation in aquatic plants and to study a low-molecular-weight Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe to visualize and quantify the tissue-level Zn concentrations. Ceratophyllum demersum and Aldrovanda vesiculosa were exposed to solutions containing Zn (1 and 3 mg/L), HA (0.5 mg/L), and Zn with HA for nine days. The Zn accumulation (mg/g) in the plants was measured by ICP-OES and we applied a Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe with a low molecular weight to the analysis of Zn in C. demersum plant cells using fluorescence microscopy and ImageJ software. The application of HA reduced the Zn accumulation significantly (p < 0.05) and increased the chlorophyll concentration slightly less significantly (p > 0.05) in both plants. Results obtained from ImageJ revealed a strong positive correlation between fluorescence intensity and the Zn accumulation in C. demersum (r = 0.988). We showed that the application of HA reduced the Zn accumulation in both plants, and successfully visualized and quantified that a Zn2+-selective fluorescent probe with a low molecular weight can be applied to the diagnosis of Zn osmosis into a cell or tissue on the basis of fluorescence intensity.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69267186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the environmental monitoring of Anzali international wetland (based on water surface temperature (WST), chlorophyll - a (Chl-a) and transparency (secchi disk depth (SDD)) parameters) using Landsat images in the period 1985–2018 has been studied. Based on the results of zoning maps, in 2018 and 2013, WST fluctuations are higher, with the lowest water temperature observed in 2007. Based on Chl-a, the trend for this parameter is increasing from 1985 to 2018. Also, from 1985 to 2018, we saw a decrease in transparency (SDD), which could indicate an increase in opacity and concentration of suspended and organic particles in the wetland, which was consistent with the results of chlorophyll - a. Graph examination of wetland showed more changes belonged to the central and eastern parts of the wetland. The results of this study indicate that in the Anzali international wetland, comparing the values of the parameters studied, there are not good conditions for water quality and the need for a solution and management policies to improve the condition of this unique ecosystem is necessary more than ever.
利用1985-2018年Landsat影像对安扎里国际湿地进行了基于水面温度(WST)、叶绿素-a (Chl-a)和透明度(secchi disk depth (SDD))参数的环境监测。根据分区图的结果，2018年和2013年，WST波动较大，2007年的水温最低。基于Chl-a，该参数从1985年到2018年呈增加趋势。此外，从1985年到2018年，我们看到了透明度(SDD)的下降，这可能表明湿地中悬浮物和有机颗粒的不透明度和浓度增加，这与叶绿素- a的结果一致。湿地图检验显示，湿地的变化更多地属于湿地的中部和东部。本研究结果表明，在安扎里国际湿地，比较研究参数的值，水质条件不佳，比以往任何时候都更需要解决和管理政策来改善这一独特的生态系统状况。
{"title":"Mapping Changes of Water Quality Parameters Pattern in Anzali International Wetland Using Remote Sensing","authors":"A. P. Zefrehei, A. Hedayati, M. Fallah","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-114","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the environmental monitoring of Anzali international wetland (based on water surface temperature (WST), chlorophyll - a (Chl-a) and transparency (secchi disk depth (SDD)) parameters) using Landsat images in the period 1985–2018 has been studied. Based on the results of zoning maps, in 2018 and 2013, WST fluctuations are higher, with the lowest water temperature observed in 2007. Based on Chl-a, the trend for this parameter is increasing from 1985 to 2018. Also, from 1985 to 2018, we saw a decrease in transparency (SDD), which could indicate an increase in opacity and concentration of suspended and organic particles in the wetland, which was consistent with the results of chlorophyll - a. Graph examination of wetland showed more changes belonged to the central and eastern parts of the wetland. The results of this study indicate that in the Anzali international wetland, comparing the values of the parameters studied, there are not good conditions for water quality and the need for a solution and management policies to improve the condition of this unique ecosystem is necessary more than ever.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69267190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive global use of bisphenols (bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs) is of serious concern to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic plants and rhizosphere microorganisms can largely affect the environmental fate of bisphenols. In this study, the association between common reed, which is distributed widely in the aquatic environment, and microorganisms existing in the surrounding area of its roots was studied to illustrate its capabilities and possible mechanisms for the removal of five different bisphenols (BPA, bisphenol F, bisphenol P, bisphenol S, and 4,4ʹ-thiodiphenol). Different experimental systems were prepared in the presence and absence of sterile common reeds and aquatic microorganisms. The effects of common reed and microorganisms on the removal of bisphenols differed across compounds. However, the removal of all the bisphenols tested was clearly accelerated in the co-presence of common reed and microorganisms, which indicated the importance of aquatic plant-microorganism association in enhancing bisphenol removal. The results of this study further revealed the major contribution of the distinct mechanism of removal of each bisphenol by the association between common reed and microorganisms.
{"title":"Potential for Enhanced Degradation and Removal of Various Bisphenols by Interaction between Common Reed (Phragmites australis) and Microorganisms","authors":"R. Shrestha, M. Nakai, D. Inoue, M. Ike","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-117","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive global use of bisphenols (bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs) is of serious concern to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic plants and rhizosphere microorganisms can largely affect the environmental fate of bisphenols. In this study, the association between common reed, which is distributed widely in the aquatic environment, and microorganisms existing in the surrounding area of its roots was studied to illustrate its capabilities and possible mechanisms for the removal of five different bisphenols (BPA, bisphenol F, bisphenol P, bisphenol S, and 4,4ʹ-thiodiphenol). Different experimental systems were prepared in the presence and absence of sterile common reeds and aquatic microorganisms. The effects of common reed and microorganisms on the removal of bisphenols differed across compounds. However, the removal of all the bisphenols tested was clearly accelerated in the co-presence of common reed and microorganisms, which indicated the importance of aquatic plant-microorganism association in enhancing bisphenol removal. The results of this study further revealed the major contribution of the distinct mechanism of removal of each bisphenol by the association between common reed and microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69267195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsukasa Ito, Y. Yamanashi, Naoki Noguchi, N. Miyazato, T. Aoi
The public sewage (PS) and night soil mixed with johkasou sludge (JO) have similar chemical compositions; however, the concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen compounds were different. We investigated the microbial community of the rotating biological contactor (RBC) units treating PS and JO, in which the RBC was submerged in the mixed liquor of activated sludge. Here, we observed that the microbial community compositions at the phylum and class levels were similar between the PSRBC and JO-RBC, whereas the relative abundances of several phyla (Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, and Betaproteobacteria) significantly differed between them. The microbial community composition of RBC (an attached growth process) was similar to that of the activated sludge (a suspended growth process). The microbial community of activated sludge likely affected that of RBC. The relative abundance of total denitrifying bacteria in the PS-RBC was twice as much as that in JO-RBC, while nitrifying bacterial phylotypes had a similar relative abundance. The predominant denitrifying genera were different between the PS-RBC and JO-RBC, as well as in the cross-sectional layers of the PS-RBC, suggesting the functional diversity of denitrifying bacterial genera inhabiting the RBC.
{"title":"Microbial Communities and Nitrogen-Utilizing Bacteria of Rotating Biological Contactors and Activated Sludge Treating Public Sewage and Night Soil/Johkasou Sludge","authors":"Tsukasa Ito, Y. Yamanashi, Naoki Noguchi, N. Miyazato, T. Aoi","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-188","url":null,"abstract":"The public sewage (PS) and night soil mixed with johkasou sludge (JO) have similar chemical compositions; however, the concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen compounds were different. We investigated the microbial community of the rotating biological contactor (RBC) units treating PS and JO, in which the RBC was submerged in the mixed liquor of activated sludge. Here, we observed that the microbial community compositions at the phylum and class levels were similar between the PSRBC and JO-RBC, whereas the relative abundances of several phyla (Euryarchaeota, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Patescibacteria, and Betaproteobacteria) significantly differed between them. The microbial community composition of RBC (an attached growth process) was similar to that of the activated sludge (a suspended growth process). The microbial community of activated sludge likely affected that of RBC. The relative abundance of total denitrifying bacteria in the PS-RBC was twice as much as that in JO-RBC, while nitrifying bacterial phylotypes had a similar relative abundance. The predominant denitrifying genera were different between the PS-RBC and JO-RBC, as well as in the cross-sectional layers of the PS-RBC, suggesting the functional diversity of denitrifying bacterial genera inhabiting the RBC.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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