H. T. Nguyen, Ha Thi Viet Tran, P. M. Nguyen, I. Kasuga
{"title":"Synthesis and Optimization of Visible-light-driven G-C3N4/CoMoO4 for the Removal of Tetracycline","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, Ha Thi Viet Tran, P. M. Nguyen, I. Kasuga","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aishwarya Pandey, I. Kasuga, H. Furumai, F. Kurisu
{"title":"Concurrent Analysis of 84 Compounds among Emerging Contaminants Listed by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan, in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants Using Liquid Chromatography and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS)","authors":"Aishwarya Pandey, I. Kasuga, H. Furumai, F. Kurisu","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occurrence of Stenotrophomonas spp. in the Water Environment and Characteristics of Isolates","authors":"T. Urase, Xiao Yang, Saki Goto","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-153","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azo dyes are common aqueous environmental pollutants in developing countries. Hydrogenation is a highly effective method for decomposition of azo dyes; however, this method requires the use of noble metals as catalysts. In this study, we investigated the use of multi-component alloy catalysts. Eight multi-component alloys (CoFeNiTiCr(800), CoFeNiTiAl(800), CoFeNiTiV(800), Fe40Mn10Cr15Ni25Al5(800), Fe35Mn10Cr20Ni35(800), Fe50Mn27Cr13Ni10(800), Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600), and Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(800)), where numbers in brackets represent calcine temperature (°C), were used for hydrogenation of methyl orange and Acid Orange 7 with NaBH4. These multicomponent alloys were prepared from oxide precursors using a nonelectrochemical molten salt synthesis method. The reaction rates increased in the order of Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(800) < CoFeNiTiAl(800) < Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) for hydrogenation of methyl orange. Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) rapidly decreased the methyl orange concentration to almost zero within 10 min. The reaction rates increased in the order of CoFeNiTiCr(800) < Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) < CoFeNiTiV(800) for hydrogenation of Acid Orange 7. CoFeNiTiV(800) rapidly decreased the Acid Orange 7 concentration to almost zero within 10 min. This difference in catalytic activity for each azo dye was thought to arise because Acid Orange 7 was insufficiently decomposed by the reducing agent NaBH4, and this affected its interaction with the catalyst.
{"title":"Catalytic Hydrogenation of Methyl Orange and Acid Orange 7 Using NaBH<sub>4</sub> over Core-shell Multicomponent Alloys","authors":"Shota Yokoyama, Yasukazu Kobayashi, Ryo Shoji","doi":"10.2965/jwet.23-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.23-030","url":null,"abstract":"Azo dyes are common aqueous environmental pollutants in developing countries. Hydrogenation is a highly effective method for decomposition of azo dyes; however, this method requires the use of noble metals as catalysts. In this study, we investigated the use of multi-component alloy catalysts. Eight multi-component alloys (CoFeNiTiCr(800), CoFeNiTiAl(800), CoFeNiTiV(800), Fe40Mn10Cr15Ni25Al5(800), Fe35Mn10Cr20Ni35(800), Fe50Mn27Cr13Ni10(800), Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600), and Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(800)), where numbers in brackets represent calcine temperature (°C), were used for hydrogenation of methyl orange and Acid Orange 7 with NaBH4. These multicomponent alloys were prepared from oxide precursors using a nonelectrochemical molten salt synthesis method. The reaction rates increased in the order of Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(800) < CoFeNiTiAl(800) < Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) for hydrogenation of methyl orange. Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) rapidly decreased the methyl orange concentration to almost zero within 10 min. The reaction rates increased in the order of CoFeNiTiCr(800) < Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5(600) < CoFeNiTiV(800) for hydrogenation of Acid Orange 7. CoFeNiTiV(800) rapidly decreased the Acid Orange 7 concentration to almost zero within 10 min. This difference in catalytic activity for each azo dye was thought to arise because Acid Orange 7 was insufficiently decomposed by the reducing agent NaBH4, and this affected its interaction with the catalyst.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136053107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masaya Matsuki, N. Shimizu, K. Tobiishi, Yoshito Tanaka, Haruyo Yamaguchi, T. Sano
Cyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae in lakes are among the most serious threats to water quality worldwide. As global warming rapidly extends the locations and timing of blue-green algae blooms, a simple and accessible method for the detection and quantification of cyanotoxins in fresh water is increasingly necessary. Here, a quick, simple and accessible simultaneous analytical method for five cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, microcystin-RR, YR and LR) is reported. This method has three advantages. First, it does not require complicated operations, such as a concentra - tion operation. Second, it employs an HPLC column without high pressure. Third, the use of stable isotope-labeled surrogates enables correct identification and precise quantification of cyanotoxins. The method was applied to the lakes of Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan, and four of the five above-named cyanotoxins ( i.e. , all but cylindrospermopsin) were detected. The limits of quantification were 20–43 ng/L, which were considerably lower than the WHO guideline values. The recovery levels were 97–104%. Microbial flora analysis revealed that the sources of anatoxin-a were Pseudanabaena limnetica and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi , and the source of microcystins was the group A1 of Microcystis aeruginosa . This study provides a quick, easy and accessible method for the worldwide monitoring of cyanotoxin levels.
{"title":"An Analytical Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Various Cyanotoxins Using Stable Isotope-Labeled Surrogates and a Microbial Flora Analysis to Assign Each Cyanotoxin to its Source","authors":"Masaya Matsuki, N. Shimizu, K. Tobiishi, Yoshito Tanaka, Haruyo Yamaguchi, T. Sano","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-005","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanotoxins produced by blue-green algae in lakes are among the most serious threats to water quality worldwide. As global warming rapidly extends the locations and timing of blue-green algae blooms, a simple and accessible method for the detection and quantification of cyanotoxins in fresh water is increasingly necessary. Here, a quick, simple and accessible simultaneous analytical method for five cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, anatoxin-a, microcystin-RR, YR and LR) is reported. This method has three advantages. First, it does not require complicated operations, such as a concentra - tion operation. Second, it employs an HPLC column without high pressure. Third, the use of stable isotope-labeled surrogates enables correct identification and precise quantification of cyanotoxins. The method was applied to the lakes of Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan, and four of the five above-named cyanotoxins ( i.e. , all but cylindrospermopsin) were detected. The limits of quantification were 20–43 ng/L, which were considerably lower than the WHO guideline values. The recovery levels were 97–104%. Microbial flora analysis revealed that the sources of anatoxin-a were Pseudanabaena limnetica and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi , and the source of microcystins was the group A1 of Microcystis aeruginosa . This study provides a quick, easy and accessible method for the worldwide monitoring of cyanotoxin levels.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masaki Ohno, Yuki Kobayashi, Risa Sohma, Mayumi Suzuki, T. Kose, Takashi Asada, K. Kawata
Calcium (Ca)-loaded biochar was produced from rice husks by loading the Ca source with subsequent carbonization and was examined from the evaluation of P adsorption capability about the loading method, the availability of oyster shells as the alternative, and the effect of carbonization temperature. Ca-loaded biochar prepared at 650°C had the CaCO3 form, and that at 400°C had unconverted Ca(OH)2 with less CO2 generation. Moreover, silicon in the rice husks might have existed as an amorphous structure of calcium silicate hydrate by reacting with Ca. As the loading method of the Ca source, the powder mixing method was as effective as the conventional impregnation method. It was clarified that oyster shells can be used by decarboxylation and hydration in the powder mixing method, and that the chemical form of the Ca source is important for improving P adsorption capability. Furthermore, the Ca-loaded biochar prepared at 400°C as the condition that could be performed at the paddy field location was higher P adsorption capability than that at 650°C, even though the pores were not developed. The formation of Ca(OH)2 by low-temperature carbonization of rice husks with Ca affected the improvement of P adsorption capability.
{"title":"Examination and Evaluation of Oyster Shell Utilization with Rice Husk Biochar for Phosphorus Adsorption","authors":"Masaki Ohno, Yuki Kobayashi, Risa Sohma, Mayumi Suzuki, T. Kose, Takashi Asada, K. Kawata","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-154","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium (Ca)-loaded biochar was produced from rice husks by loading the Ca source with subsequent carbonization and was examined from the evaluation of P adsorption capability about the loading method, the availability of oyster shells as the alternative, and the effect of carbonization temperature. Ca-loaded biochar prepared at 650°C had the CaCO3 form, and that at 400°C had unconverted Ca(OH)2 with less CO2 generation. Moreover, silicon in the rice husks might have existed as an amorphous structure of calcium silicate hydrate by reacting with Ca. As the loading method of the Ca source, the powder mixing method was as effective as the conventional impregnation method. It was clarified that oyster shells can be used by decarboxylation and hydration in the powder mixing method, and that the chemical form of the Ca source is important for improving P adsorption capability. Furthermore, the Ca-loaded biochar prepared at 400°C as the condition that could be performed at the paddy field location was higher P adsorption capability than that at 650°C, even though the pores were not developed. The formation of Ca(OH)2 by low-temperature carbonization of rice husks with Ca affected the improvement of P adsorption capability.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Tai, Kenta Chiba, Y. Nishimura, Shuping Han, S. Masunaga, W. Naito
Copper (Cu) toxicity is an increasing concern in marine environments; however, its effects are spe cies- and area-specific. In this study, area-specific Cu toxicity test was conducted on the sensitive early life stages ( i.e. , embryonic and larval development) of two important fisheries species, namely, Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) and sea squirt ( Halocynthia roretzi ) using natural sea waters collected from three sites in the coastal area of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Measured concentrations for C. gigas and nominal concentrations for H. roretzi were used to calculate effect concentrations for each species. The 10% effect concentration (EC10) for Cu were 12.8–17.0 and 15.0–22.0 µg L −1 , and 50% effect concentration (EC50) for Cu were 20.3–22.6 and 45.6–47.2 µg L −1 , respectively. Notably, this study is the first to determine the toxicity of Cu to H. roretzi, and our results can provide additional information to strengthen the Cu species sensitivity distribution of saltwater species, which can support bioavailability correction. Moreover, the results of this study can help policymakers to develop more realistic Cu water quality standard while considering the effects of Cu toxicity on important species and the water chemistry in specific regions. (c)
{"title":"The Toxicity of Copper to Pacific Oyster and Sea Squirt from Japan Using Regional Seawater as a Test Medium","authors":"R. Tai, Kenta Chiba, Y. Nishimura, Shuping Han, S. Masunaga, W. Naito","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-046","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) toxicity is an increasing concern in marine environments; however, its effects are spe cies- and area-specific. In this study, area-specific Cu toxicity test was conducted on the sensitive early life stages ( i.e. , embryonic and larval development) of two important fisheries species, namely, Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas ) and sea squirt ( Halocynthia roretzi ) using natural sea waters collected from three sites in the coastal area of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Measured concentrations for C. gigas and nominal concentrations for H. roretzi were used to calculate effect concentrations for each species. The 10% effect concentration (EC10) for Cu were 12.8–17.0 and 15.0–22.0 µg L −1 , and 50% effect concentration (EC50) for Cu were 20.3–22.6 and 45.6–47.2 µg L −1 , respectively. Notably, this study is the first to determine the toxicity of Cu to H. roretzi, and our results can provide additional information to strengthen the Cu species sensitivity distribution of saltwater species, which can support bioavailability correction. Moreover, the results of this study can help policymakers to develop more realistic Cu water quality standard while considering the effects of Cu toxicity on important species and the water chemistry in specific regions. (c)","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norihiro Kobayashi, S. Takagi, Teruaki Kinoshita, Osamu Sakata, Fumi Nakano, Naoto Watanabe, Azumi Nomura, Nobuyuki Kawai, Toshiya Hiraiwa, M. Okumura, K. Furukawa, T. Kasuya, Noritomo Iwama, J. Yonekubo, Reika Takahara, Seiya Tanaka, Yuko Tsuchiya, Y. Ikarashi
The environmental presence and drinking water contamination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported since the early 2000s. This study seeks to develop a liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 21 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in drinking water to support future regulations in Japan. Inter-laboratory tests were conducted in 16 laboratories using different instrument to verify the applicability of the developed method for a wide range of drinking water samples in Japan. Recovery tests of PFAA-fortified tap water samples obtained in each laboratory were conducted at set points of 1 and 10 ng/L. Calibra - tion curve linearity, trueness (recovery), repeatability (RSD r ), and reproducibility (RSD R ) at these analyte concentrations were calculated using data obtained from the recovery tests. The trueness, RSD r , and RSD R of most PFAA analytes were satisfactory when the recoveries were corrected by 13 C-PFAA extraction standards with similar recovery to the corresponding PFAS analytes. The developed analytical method is valid for the quantification of the target PFAAs in drinking water. However, satisfactory PFAA quantification requires recovery adjustment using surrogates with similar recovery characteristics to the PFAA analytes.
{"title":"Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Simultaneous Determination of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Norihiro Kobayashi, S. Takagi, Teruaki Kinoshita, Osamu Sakata, Fumi Nakano, Naoto Watanabe, Azumi Nomura, Nobuyuki Kawai, Toshiya Hiraiwa, M. Okumura, K. Furukawa, T. Kasuya, Noritomo Iwama, J. Yonekubo, Reika Takahara, Seiya Tanaka, Yuko Tsuchiya, Y. Ikarashi","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-058","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental presence and drinking water contamination of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been reported since the early 2000s. This study seeks to develop a liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 21 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in drinking water to support future regulations in Japan. Inter-laboratory tests were conducted in 16 laboratories using different instrument to verify the applicability of the developed method for a wide range of drinking water samples in Japan. Recovery tests of PFAA-fortified tap water samples obtained in each laboratory were conducted at set points of 1 and 10 ng/L. Calibra - tion curve linearity, trueness (recovery), repeatability (RSD r ), and reproducibility (RSD R ) at these analyte concentrations were calculated using data obtained from the recovery tests. The trueness, RSD r , and RSD R of most PFAA analytes were satisfactory when the recoveries were corrected by 13 C-PFAA extraction standards with similar recovery to the corresponding PFAS analytes. The developed analytical method is valid for the quantification of the target PFAAs in drinking water. However, satisfactory PFAA quantification requires recovery adjustment using surrogates with similar recovery characteristics to the PFAA analytes.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69271054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the recent development of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), it is now possible to apply UV disinfection, previously used only for medium-to-large sized sewage treatment plants, to Johkasou wastewater, a household wastewater treatment system. However, it is known that coliforms that have been inactivated by UV irradiation regain their activity after of sunlight irradiation, etc. Therefore, in small Johkasou, where discharge channels are often open, photorecovery may occur immediately after UV disinfection. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate photorecovery by sunlight after UV disinfection of wastewater from small Johkasou. In this study, the relationship between the photorecovery of coliforms and the dose of sunlight after UV-LED irradiation of effluent in Johkasou was investigated. As a result, we identified the amount of sunlight that will maximize photoreactivation effect. We also clarified the suppressing effect of an excessive amount of sunlight on the photoreactivation phenomenon. Additionally, since it was confirmed that the photore activation effect was suppressed by a certain period of darkness following UV-LED irradiation, it was considered that the photoreactivation effect can also be suppressed by allowing wastewater to reside in darkness for the currently estimated residence time in a disinfection tank.
{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of UV-LED Irradiation and Period in Darkness on Photoreactivation of Coliforms in Johkasou Treated Water","authors":"Akihiro Kakiki, O. Nishimura, Hiroshi Yamazaki","doi":"10.2965/jwet.22-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.22-045","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent development of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), it is now possible to apply UV disinfection, previously used only for medium-to-large sized sewage treatment plants, to Johkasou wastewater, a household wastewater treatment system. However, it is known that coliforms that have been inactivated by UV irradiation regain their activity after of sunlight irradiation, etc. Therefore, in small Johkasou, where discharge channels are often open, photorecovery may occur immediately after UV disinfection. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate photorecovery by sunlight after UV disinfection of wastewater from small Johkasou. In this study, the relationship between the photorecovery of coliforms and the dose of sunlight after UV-LED irradiation of effluent in Johkasou was investigated. As a result, we identified the amount of sunlight that will maximize photoreactivation effect. We also clarified the suppressing effect of an excessive amount of sunlight on the photoreactivation phenomenon. Additionally, since it was confirmed that the photore activation effect was suppressed by a certain period of darkness following UV-LED irradiation, it was considered that the photoreactivation effect can also be suppressed by allowing wastewater to reside in darkness for the currently estimated residence time in a disinfection tank.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Qureshi, S. M. Kori, Waqas Wasi Pathan, Abdul Rehman Kori, A. A. Mahessar
{"title":"Demarcation of Groundwater Quantum and Quality of Lower Indus Basin: A Case Study of Seri and Muhammad Khan Distributaries","authors":"A. Qureshi, S. M. Kori, Waqas Wasi Pathan, Abdul Rehman Kori, A. A. Mahessar","doi":"10.2965/jwet.21-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.21-110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69270798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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