Pub Date : 2020-03-05DOI: 10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.1(1)
K. Mokhtar, N. A. Rahman, M. S. Haron
Objective - The rapid growth in the ageing population necessitates a more intensified effort to include patients of all ages in global sustainable development. While many countries struggle to manage their ageing populations, efforts to ensure adequate health are alarmingly unconvincing. In fact, the spread of infectious diseases, especially Tuberculosis (TB), within the ageing population remains a threat to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Studies related to the ageing population in Malaysia are rather limited and their perspectives on infectious disease patients are often neglected.Methodology/Technique - Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perspective of ageing tuberculosis patients on preventive measures and to what extent their behaviour helps Malaysia to comply with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Of 1,600 patients to whom questionnaires were sent, 1,368 completed questionnaires that were used for further analysis. This study was conducted in 2015 within selected states of Malaysia with high occurrence rates of TB cases.Finding - This paper confirmed that TB patients in this study possessed high TB knowledge especially among male and married patients with low household income. Also, the findings revealed that most TB patients understood that smoking increases the risk of TB infection, yet, they did not quit smoking which explains that majority of them have been diagnosed with TB for more than five years. Despite the patients possessed high TB knowledge, results on their attitude towards family, friends, and neighbours indicated that the patients did not distance themselves from others which might cause infections. In fact, in terms of TB practices; most patients still reluctant to wear facial mask in public.Novelty - Hence, the strategies to end the TB epidemic in Malaysia by 2035 should be improved so that the quality of life for the ageing population can be assured.Type of Paper - Empirical.
{"title":"Complying with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals: A Case of the Malaysian Ageing Population","authors":"K. Mokhtar, N. A. Rahman, M. S. Haron","doi":"10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.1(1)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.1(1)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - The rapid growth in the ageing population necessitates a more intensified effort to include patients of all ages in global sustainable development. While many countries struggle to manage their ageing populations, efforts to ensure adequate health are alarmingly unconvincing. In fact, the spread of infectious diseases, especially Tuberculosis (TB), within the ageing population remains a threat to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Studies related to the ageing population in Malaysia are rather limited and their perspectives on infectious disease patients are often neglected.Methodology/Technique - Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perspective of ageing tuberculosis patients on preventive measures and to what extent their behaviour helps Malaysia to comply with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Of 1,600 patients to whom questionnaires were sent, 1,368 completed questionnaires that were used for further analysis. This study was conducted in 2015 within selected states of Malaysia with high occurrence rates of TB cases.Finding - This paper confirmed that TB patients in this study possessed high TB knowledge especially among male and married patients with low household income. Also, the findings revealed that most TB patients understood that smoking increases the risk of TB infection, yet, they did not quit smoking which explains that majority of them have been diagnosed with TB for more than five years. Despite the patients possessed high TB knowledge, results on their attitude towards family, friends, and neighbours indicated that the patients did not distance themselves from others which might cause infections. In fact, in terms of TB practices; most patients still reluctant to wear facial mask in public.Novelty - Hence, the strategies to end the TB epidemic in Malaysia by 2035 should be improved so that the quality of life for the ageing population can be assured.Type of Paper - Empirical.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117155637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IoT has extensive applications; in which one of them is waste material monitoring and regulating. Energy prudence techniques can be reproduced in IoT, which can alleviate both energy draining and human efforts peremptory to do the task. The proposed system has been extended to recognize the efficient waste material monitoring system to generate electricity and its response is captured by employing web servers and the Laptops/cell phones. The mechanism is deployed by W5100, the web server which will be cumulated on W5100 module is employed as an IoT platform. As web servers are not restricted of platforms, they can be adoptable in cell phones/laptop which is encouraged by relays and sequentially web servers assess the waste material monitoring through W5100 module. The proposed system assigned is with waste material monitoring dispatches the information to laptop/cell phones with the aid of web servers for energy ease. The suggested system is adept of detecting the temperatures, pressures, Ph values and energy generated under numerous situations whenever required and can be additionally enhance to track other appliances. There are various parts deployed in waste monitoring system which generates it as an IoT based device like Arduino Ethernet Shield (W5100), Atmega 328p, waste monitoring plant consisting of waste handling plant (Boilers for generating into steam, Turbines), Filters for removal of impurities in waste and numerous sensors, which is certainly cost effective and also low energy utilization.
{"title":"Design and Development of Intelligent Waste Monitoring System for Generation of Electricity with Cloud Based Online Access Control System","authors":"Dr. S S P M Sharma, Kaushal Barot","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3554205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3554205","url":null,"abstract":"IoT has extensive applications; in which one of them is waste material monitoring and regulating. Energy prudence techniques can be reproduced in IoT, which can alleviate both energy draining and human efforts peremptory to do the task. The proposed system has been extended to recognize the efficient waste material monitoring system to generate electricity and its response is captured by employing web servers and the Laptops/cell phones. The mechanism is deployed by W5100, the web server which will be cumulated on W5100 module is employed as an IoT platform. As web servers are not restricted of platforms, they can be adoptable in cell phones/laptop which is encouraged by relays and sequentially web servers assess the waste material monitoring through W5100 module. The proposed system assigned is with waste material monitoring dispatches the information to laptop/cell phones with the aid of web servers for energy ease. The suggested system is adept of detecting the temperatures, pressures, Ph values and energy generated under numerous situations whenever required and can be additionally enhance to track other appliances. There are various parts deployed in waste monitoring system which generates it as an IoT based device like Arduino Ethernet Shield (W5100), Atmega 328p, waste monitoring plant consisting of waste handling plant (Boilers for generating into steam, Turbines), Filters for removal of impurities in waste and numerous sensors, which is certainly cost effective and also low energy utilization.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133961184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The qì emission effects on Pseudodiploria genus corals affected by the white syndrome in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico, attempted to be studied. 18 coral colonies were part of the control and experimental groups. The 9 colonies of the experimental group received the non-invasive treatment of external qì (with free diving and scuba diving) for 5 minutes, summing up 15 non-consecutive days of treatment. Unfortunately, it was not possible to measure the diseased area in coral colonies neither perform the statistical analysis, therefore we were not able to conclude if receiving external qì affected the diseased area. A visual analysis of the colonies is presented hoping that the experience obtained in the present study can be used in future projects.
{"title":"External qì effects on the Pseudodiploria genus corals that have been affected by the white syndrome, in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","authors":"Citlalli Alvarez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3918518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3918518","url":null,"abstract":"The qì emission effects on Pseudodiploria genus corals affected by the white syndrome in the Puerto Morelos Reef National Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico, attempted to be studied. 18 coral colonies were part of the control and experimental groups. The 9 colonies of the experimental group received the non-invasive treatment of external qì (with free diving and scuba diving) for 5 minutes, summing up 15 non-consecutive days of treatment. Unfortunately, it was not possible to measure the diseased area in coral colonies neither perform the statistical analysis, therefore we were not able to conclude if receiving external qì affected the diseased area. A visual analysis of the colonies is presented hoping that the experience obtained in the present study can be used in future projects.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128815759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sébastien Debia, Pierre-Olivier Pineau, A. Siddiqui
Abstract Several interconnected power systems worldwide have largely thermal and hydro production along with CO2 cap-and-trade (C&T) systems and variable renewable energy sources (VRES). C&T policies increase VRES generation, and socially optimal storage deployment could integrate VRES output. However, hydro reservoirs may be used strategically due to market power. We investigate these distortions and assess measures for their mitigation via a bottom-up equilibrium model of New York and Quebec. In particular, we find evidence that hydro producers shift water between seasons to manipulate electricity prices even under a net-hydro production constraint. Alternative regulation covering net imports as well as net-hydro production limits such temporal arbitrage but enables firms with both thermal generation and pumped-hydro storage to exercise spatial arbitrage. We demonstrate that these distortions will be exacerbated under more stringent C&T policies because price-taking thermal producers are less able to respond to price signals.
{"title":"Strategic Storage Use in a Hydro-Thermal Power System with Carbon Constraints","authors":"Sébastien Debia, Pierre-Olivier Pineau, A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3520559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520559","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several interconnected power systems worldwide have largely thermal and hydro production along with CO2 cap-and-trade (C&T) systems and variable renewable energy sources (VRES). C&T policies increase VRES generation, and socially optimal storage deployment could integrate VRES output. However, hydro reservoirs may be used strategically due to market power. We investigate these distortions and assess measures for their mitigation via a bottom-up equilibrium model of New York and Quebec. In particular, we find evidence that hydro producers shift water between seasons to manipulate electricity prices even under a net-hydro production constraint. Alternative regulation covering net imports as well as net-hydro production limits such temporal arbitrage but enables firms with both thermal generation and pumped-hydro storage to exercise spatial arbitrage. We demonstrate that these distortions will be exacerbated under more stringent C&T policies because price-taking thermal producers are less able to respond to price signals.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125329313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This research aims to study the impact of local environmental factors on the adoption of International Accounting system in Iraq. So the main objective of the research can be the evaluation of the role of local environmental factors in selecting the best method to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS), and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
Design/methodology/approach: The researchers prepared a questionnaire contains 28 paragraphs which were coded and divided into 7 parts showing the independent variables of the study (the environmental factors) and the dependent variable (the adoption of IAS/IFRS)
Findings: The results of the research show that the local environment factors can effect on the choice of the country to adopt the best method of IAS/IFRS adoption, and the statistical analysis results show that there is a very good level of agreement for the participants about the effect of local environment factors on the adoption of IAS/IFRS.
Practical implications: The research offers insights to the need to activate national standards and principles that are appropriate to the local environment in order to adapt with the requirements of IAS/IFRS adoption.
Originality/value: The research presents significant pragmatic evidence in terms of its meticulous approach towards checking the robustness of results.
{"title":"The Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Adoption of the International Accounting System IAS/IFRS: Case of Iraq","authors":"Salam A. Al-Nasrawi, Thabit H. Thabit","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3514438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3514438","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aims to study the impact of local environmental factors on the adoption of International Accounting system in Iraq. So the main objective of the research can be the evaluation of the role of local environmental factors in selecting the best method to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS), and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).<br><br>Design/methodology/approach: The researchers prepared a questionnaire contains 28 paragraphs which were coded and divided into 7 parts showing the independent variables of the study (the environmental factors) and the dependent variable (the adoption of<br>IAS/IFRS)<br><br>Findings: The results of the research show that the local environment factors can effect on the choice of the country to adopt the best method of IAS/IFRS adoption, and the statistical analysis results show that there is a very good level of agreement for the participants about the effect of local environment factors on the adoption of IAS/IFRS.<br><br>Practical implications: The research offers insights to the need to activate national standards and principles that are appropriate to the local environment in order to adapt with the requirements of IAS/IFRS adoption.<br><br>Originality/value: The research presents significant pragmatic evidence in terms of its meticulous approach towards checking the robustness of results.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122572235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 한국의 신남방정책 핵심 협력국가인 베트남의 교통인프라 개발수요에 부응할 수 있는 개발협력 방안을 수립하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에 한국과 베트남 간 교통분야 개발협력 동향을 고려하여 베트남의 교통인프라 개발 현황과 개발수요를 분석하였고, 나아가 국제사회의 개발협력 현황을 파악하여 부문별 개발협력 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 베트남 내 위치한 베트남 교통부, 하노이시 교통국, 호치민시 교통국, KOICA 하노이 사무소 등의 여러 관련 기관을 방문하여 교통부문과 관련된 정책과 향후 계획에 대한 현지 자료를 수집하였고, 초청연수 및 워크숍을 개최하여 이에 참여한 베트남 교통부의 공무원들을 대상으로 면담을 진행함으로써 베트남 정부의 요구사항을 파악하여 연구의 내용에 포함하였다. 2장에서는 베트남의 전반적인 국가개발전략, 경제동향 및 전망, 유엔의 지속가능발전목표, 교통부문별 추진체계 현황에 대한 정리 및 분석 자료를 토대로 베트남 교통분야의 개발 현황과 개발수요를 파악하였고, 이를 바탕으로 한국과 베트남 간 개발협력 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하는 데 중점을 두었다. 1절의 경우, 베트남 국가개발전략에 따른 사회경제개발목표, 경제동향에 따른 한국의 우호요인 및 악재요인, UN의 지속가능개발목표 설정에 따른 교통인프라 개발목표 등을 파악하였고, 2절에서는 국내 및 베트남 내 전문가로부터 수집된 여러 통계자료를 바탕으로 도로, 철도, 공항, 항만, 도시교통, 물류와 같은 교통부문별 개발 현황 및 관련 정책을 검토 및 분석하였다. 3절에서는 앞서 조사된 내용들을 바탕으로 크게 경제성장에 대응되는 교통인프라의 절대적 부족, 중단기 계획 미흡 및 교통인프라 사업추진 지연, 교통체계 효율화를 위한 관련 법률 및 계획수립 역량의 부족과 같은 세 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 3장에서는 베트남의 ODA 수원체계와 주요 공여기관인 6개 은행의 개발협력 사례와 같은 국제사회의 베트남 개발협력 현황을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 현재 베트남 정부는 우대차관의 도입 및 PPP 사업과 같은 ODA 관련 법령 제정을 주도적으로 교통부문에 대한 개발협력을 우선 추진하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 현재 베트남 교통분야에 대한 전체 ODA의 약 95%(128억 9,226만달러)를 지원하고 있는 주요 국제기구와 공여국(세계은행, ADB, 한국, 일본, 프랑스, 독일)의 지원현황을 수집하여 이를 분석하였고, 나아가 주요 공여국에는 포함되어 있진 않지만 베트남의 양랑일권 사업과 밀접하게 연관된 일대일로 사업을 진행 중인 중국의 개발협력 사례도 조사하였다. 3절에서는 조사된 국제사회의 개발협력 자료를 비교ㆍ분석하였으며, 이를 통해 베트남과 교통분야 개발협력을 추진함에 있어 베트남 내의 수요뿐만 아니라 개발협력 파트너들의 원조계획을 세밀히 고려할 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 4장의 한국과 베트남 간 협력 현황 분석에서는 한ㆍ베 금융협력협약(2014)과 교통분야 DEEP(Development Experience Exchange Partnership Program)사업 시행을 분석하였고, 2018년 베트남 하노이 정상회담 이후 한국교통연구원이 공동 운영하고 있는 협력센터를 통해 베트남의 교통사업 지원 및 교통물류 인프라 개발을 위한 협력 현황을 파악하였다. 개발협력 방안 분석에서는 베트남 교통부문 국가협력전략, 연도별 시행계획 및 기관별 협력 현황 및 전략 등으로 구분하여 검토한 결과, 한국의 첨단 IT 기술을 활용한 지능형교통체계(ITS) 및 도로교통시스템을 지원하여 베트남의 도시 경쟁력과 주민의 삶의 질 향상에 기여하는 방안을 제시하였다. 기관별 협력 현황의 경우 KOICA, 국토교통부, 국제개발사업협의회 등을 대상으로 분석하였는데, 대부분이 교통분야에 대한 지원이 베트남의 지역개발에 실절적으로 기여할 수 있도록 후속사업 연계가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 한국의 국토교통 분야에 대한 경험 및 지식 공유와 현지조사를 통한 정부의 프로그램 발굴 및 추진계획에 대한 필요성을 제언하였다. 현재 베트남은 중소득국으로의 진입에 따라 양허성이 높은 ODA 자금 지원 완료, 국가 공공부채의 상한선 도달로 인한 정부의 재원조달 부족, ODA 관련 총리령으로 인해 사업의 예비타당성조사나 타당성조사의 착수 전 재원조달 방안을 우선 수립해야 하는 등의 어려움이 있어 ODA 기술협력이 실질적으로 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 이러한 상황에 대한 인식과 상기 조사된 바를 기반으로 한국 정부의 베트남 협력전략에 부응하고, 베트남의 국제개발협력 및 투자정책 방향과 일치하며, 국제사회의 베트남 협력전략과의 차별화 및 베트남의 교통인프라 개발정책의 수요에 대응하여 베트남의 교통분야 개발협력 전략 및 방향과 부문별 협력방안을 5장에서 제시하였다. 또한 한국과 베트남 간 개발협력의 중장기적인 추진전략으로는 협력사항별로 5가지의 목표를 설정하여 각 추진전략을 제안하였는데, 첫째, 체계에 대해서는 협력체계의 강화 및 협력의 틀 마련, 둘째, 유형에 대해서는 협력유형의 다변화ㆍ융복합화ㆍ전문화, 셋째, 방법에 대해서는 협력방법의 다양화, 넷째, 내용에 대해서는 협력 내용의 다각화ㆍ내실화ㆍ모듈화, 다섯째, 주체에 대해서는 협력체계의 지속성 강화를 협력 목표로 설정하였다.
English Abstract: The purpose of this study is to establish a development cooperation plan that meets the development needs of Vietnam's transportation infrastructure. The current status and demands of development in Vietnam's transportation infrastructure were analyzed in consideration of development cooperation trends between Korea and Vietnam, and the direction of cooperation in transportation
Korean Abstract:本研究的目的是为了建立适应韩国新南方政策核心合作国家越南交通基础设施开发需要的开发合作方案。为此，考虑到韩国和越南之间交通领域的开发合作动向，对越南的交通基础设施开发现状和开发需求进行了分析，进而掌握国际社会的开发合作现状，提出各部门的开发合作方案。为此，访问了位于越南的越南交通部、河内交通局、胡志明市交通局、KOICA河内事务所等多个相关机构，收集了有关交通部门的政策和今后计划的当地资料。举办邀请研修及研讨会，与参与其中的越南交通部公务员进行面谈，掌握越南政府的要求事项并纳入研究内容。2张在越南的整体国家开发战略,经济动向及预测,联合国的可持续发展目标,交通部门对推进体系现状的整理及分析资料为基础,越南交通领域的开发现状和개발수요把握的,以此为基础,对韩国与越南间的开发合作方案提出的重点放在了启示。一节;越南国家开发战略带来的社会经济目标、经济动向,根据韩国友好因素及不利因素的影响因素,根据联合国的可持续开发目标设定掌握了交通基础设施开发目标等,而在第二节,来自国内及越南国内专家收集的各种统计资料为基础,公路、铁路、机场、港口、城市交通对物流等各交通部门的开发现状及相关政策进行了研究和分析。在3节,此前调查的内容为基础,大大应对经济增长的交通基础设施的绝对不足、缺乏短、计划及交通基础设施事业推进延迟、交通体系为效率的相关法律及계획수립力量的不足和同样得出了三点启示。第三章介绍了越南的ODA水源体系和6家主要提供机构的开发合作事例等国际社会的越南开发合作现状。调查结果显示，越南政府目前正积极推进交通部门的开发合作，引入优惠贷款并制定PPP项目等ODA相关法令。此外，还收集并分析了主要国际机构和捐款国(世界银行、ADB、韩国、日本、法国、德国)对越南交通领域的援助现状，这些国家目前约占越南交通领域ODA的95%(128.9226亿美元)。此外，还调查了虽然不包括在主要供给国，但是与越南的杨郎一权事业有密切关系的正在进行一带一路事业的中国的开发合作事例。第三节对调查的国际社会开发合作资料进行了比较和分析，建议在与越南推进交通领域开发合作时，不仅要考虑越南国内的需要，还要仔细考虑开发合作伙伴们的援助计划。第四章分析韩国和越南之间的合作现状，分析了韩越金融合作协议(2014)和交通领域DEEP(DEEP) Experience Exchange Partnership Program)项目的实施;2018年越南河内首脑会谈之后，通过韩国交通研究院共同运营的合作中心，了解了越南交通事业支援及交通物流基础设施开发的合作现状。开发合作方案分析中,越南交通部门国家合作战略、年度计划及各机关合作现状及战略等,分为研究的结果,韩国尖端利用it技术的智能交通体系(its)及道路交通系统,支持越南的城市竞争力和提高居民的生活质量上做贡献的方案提出了。以各机关的合作现状为例，以韩国国际协力团、国土交通部、国际开发事业协议会等为对象进行了分析。据调查，大部分对交通领域的支援有必要与后续事业联系起来，以便对越南的地区开发做出实质性贡献。因此，他提出有必要共享韩国国土交通领域的经验和知识，并通过实地调查发掘和推进政府的项目。现在越南国中小所得的准入,按照减让性高的oda资金援助完成,国家因公共负债上限达到政府的“因缺乏资金筹集,oda相关总理领导工作的预备妥当性调查我的妥当性的调查开始前要首先树立筹措方案等有困难的,oda技术合作,实质上不容易的情况。对这种情况的认识和上述的调查为基础,韩国政府的越南合作战略,适应越南的国际开发合作和投资政策方向和一致,国际社会与越南合作战略的差异化和越南的交通基础设施开发政策的需要,应对越南的交通领域开发合作战略和方向和对口合作方案中提出了5张。也是韩国与越南间开发合作的中长期的战略合作事项设置了5种不同的目标,各战略提议了一下,第一,体系对于合作体系的加强以及合作的框架,第二,对于类型合作类型的多样化、融合化、专业化、第三,对于合作方法的多样化,对第四,内容合作内容的多样化、做实、模型化、第五,对于主体，将加强合作体系的持续性作为合作目标。英语Abstract: The purpose of this study is to establish a development cooperation plan that meets The development needs of Vietnam's transportation infrastructure。The current status and demands of development in Vietnam's transportation infrastructure were analyzed in consideration of development cooperation trends between Korea and Vietnam;the direction of cooperation in transportation sector development are proposed as well。Our proposals are based on an analysis of assistance from international organizations and major donor countries。To this end, local data on policies and future plans related To the transportation sector were collected from visiting various related agencies located in Vietnam，such as the Ministry of Transport in Vietnam, Department of Transport in Hanoi, and Hanoi office of KOICA located in Vietnam。Also field research was performed by holding workshops and invitational workshops to identify the needs of Vietnam government in terms of developing the transportation sectorand to collect the latest data in Vietnam。During our field research, interviews were conducted with government officials at the Ministry of Transport。In the first Chapter, the purpose of this study, its background, review of pre-research and research method are presented。2 .美国国
{"title":"베트남의 교통분야 개발협력 방안 연구 (Korea’s Development Cooperation for Transport in Vietnam)","authors":"Y. Kwon, K.-H. Ahn, Y. Seo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3706723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3706723","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Korean Abstract:</b> 본 연구는 한국의 신남방정책 핵심 협력국가인 베트남의 교통인프라 개발수요에 부응할 수 있는 개발협력 방안을 수립하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에 한국과 베트남 간 교통분야 개발협력 동향을 고려하여 베트남의 교통인프라 개발 현황과 개발수요를 분석하였고, 나아가 국제사회의 개발협력 현황을 파악하여 부문별 개발협력 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 베트남 내 위치한 베트남 교통부, 하노이시 교통국, 호치민시 교통국, KOICA 하노이 사무소 등의 여러 관련 기관을 방문하여 교통부문과 관련된 정책과 향후 계획에 대한 현지 자료를 수집하였고, 초청연수 및 워크숍을 개최하여 이에 참여한 베트남 교통부의 공무원들을 대상으로 면담을 진행함으로써 베트남 정부의 요구사항을 파악하여 연구의 내용에 포함하였다. 2장에서는 베트남의 전반적인 국가개발전략, 경제동향 및 전망, 유엔의 지속가능발전목표, 교통부문별 추진체계 현황에 대한 정리 및 분석 자료를 토대로 베트남 교통분야의 개발 현황과 개발수요를 파악하였고, 이를 바탕으로 한국과 베트남 간 개발협력 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하는 데 중점을 두었다. 1절의 경우, 베트남 국가개발전략에 따른 사회경제개발목표, 경제동향에 따른 한국의 우호요인 및 악재요인, UN의 지속가능개발목표 설정에 따른 교통인프라 개발목표 등을 파악하였고, 2절에서는 국내 및 베트남 내 전문가로부터 수집된 여러 통계자료를 바탕으로 도로, 철도, 공항, 항만, 도시교통, 물류와 같은 교통부문별 개발 현황 및 관련 정책을 검토 및 분석하였다. 3절에서는 앞서 조사된 내용들을 바탕으로 크게 경제성장에 대응되는 교통인프라의 절대적 부족, 중단기 계획 미흡 및 교통인프라 사업추진 지연, 교통체계 효율화를 위한 관련 법률 및 계획수립 역량의 부족과 같은 세 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 3장에서는 베트남의 ODA 수원체계와 주요 공여기관인 6개 은행의 개발협력 사례와 같은 국제사회의 베트남 개발협력 현황을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 현재 베트남 정부는 우대차관의 도입 및 PPP 사업과 같은 ODA 관련 법령 제정을 주도적으로 교통부문에 대한 개발협력을 우선 추진하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 현재 베트남 교통분야에 대한 전체 ODA의 약 95%(128억 9,226만달러)를 지원하고 있는 주요 국제기구와 공여국(세계은행, ADB, 한국, 일본, 프랑스, 독일)의 지원현황을 수집하여 이를 분석하였고, 나아가 주요 공여국에는 포함되어 있진 않지만 베트남의 양랑일권 사업과 밀접하게 연관된 일대일로 사업을 진행 중인 중국의 개발협력 사례도 조사하였다. 3절에서는 조사된 국제사회의 개발협력 자료를 비교ㆍ분석하였으며, 이를 통해 베트남과 교통분야 개발협력을 추진함에 있어 베트남 내의 수요뿐만 아니라 개발협력 파트너들의 원조계획을 세밀히 고려할 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 4장의 한국과 베트남 간 협력 현황 분석에서는 한ㆍ베 금융협력협약(2014)과 교통분야 DEEP(Development Experience Exchange Partnership Program)사업 시행을 분석하였고, 2018년 베트남 하노이 정상회담 이후 한국교통연구원이 공동 운영하고 있는 협력센터를 통해 베트남의 교통사업 지원 및 교통물류 인프라 개발을 위한 협력 현황을 파악하였다. 개발협력 방안 분석에서는 베트남 교통부문 국가협력전략, 연도별 시행계획 및 기관별 협력 현황 및 전략 등으로 구분하여 검토한 결과, 한국의 첨단 IT 기술을 활용한 지능형교통체계(ITS) 및 도로교통시스템을 지원하여 베트남의 도시 경쟁력과 주민의 삶의 질 향상에 기여하는 방안을 제시하였다. 기관별 협력 현황의 경우 KOICA, 국토교통부, 국제개발사업협의회 등을 대상으로 분석하였는데, 대부분이 교통분야에 대한 지원이 베트남의 지역개발에 실절적으로 기여할 수 있도록 후속사업 연계가 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 한국의 국토교통 분야에 대한 경험 및 지식 공유와 현지조사를 통한 정부의 프로그램 발굴 및 추진계획에 대한 필요성을 제언하였다. 현재 베트남은 중소득국으로의 진입에 따라 양허성이 높은 ODA 자금 지원 완료, 국가 공공부채의 상한선 도달로 인한 정부의 재원조달 부족, ODA 관련 총리령으로 인해 사업의 예비타당성조사나 타당성조사의 착수 전 재원조달 방안을 우선 수립해야 하는 등의 어려움이 있어 ODA 기술협력이 실질적으로 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 이러한 상황에 대한 인식과 상기 조사된 바를 기반으로 한국 정부의 베트남 협력전략에 부응하고, 베트남의 국제개발협력 및 투자정책 방향과 일치하며, 국제사회의 베트남 협력전략과의 차별화 및 베트남의 교통인프라 개발정책의 수요에 대응하여 베트남의 교통분야 개발협력 전략 및 방향과 부문별 협력방안을 5장에서 제시하였다. 또한 한국과 베트남 간 개발협력의 중장기적인 추진전략으로는 협력사항별로 5가지의 목표를 설정하여 각 추진전략을 제안하였는데, 첫째, 체계에 대해서는 협력체계의 강화 및 협력의 틀 마련, 둘째, 유형에 대해서는 협력유형의 다변화ㆍ융복합화ㆍ전문화, 셋째, 방법에 대해서는 협력방법의 다양화, 넷째, 내용에 대해서는 협력 내용의 다각화ㆍ내실화ㆍ모듈화, 다섯째, 주체에 대해서는 협력체계의 지속성 강화를 협력 목표로 설정하였다.<br><br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The purpose of this study is to establish a development cooperation plan that meets the development needs of Vietnam's transportation infrastructure. The current status and demands of development in Vietnam's transportation infrastructure were analyzed in consideration of development cooperation trends between Korea and Vietnam, and the direction of cooperation in transportation","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124143842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.1108/aaaj-11-2018-3727
M. Farooq, C. de Villiers
The purpose of this paper is to examine how sustainability assurance providers’ (SAPs) promotion of sustainability assurance influences the scope of engagements, its implications for professional and managerial capture and the ability of sustainability assurance to promote credible reporting.,The authors conducted in-depth interviews with sustainability reporting managers (SRMs) and SAPs in Australia and New Zealand, using an institutional work lens to focus the analysis.,At the start of a new assurance engagement, SAPs offer pre-assurance and flexible assurance scopes, allowing them to recruit clients on narrow-scoped engagements. These narrow-scoped engagements focus on disclosed content and limit SAPs’ ability to add value and enhance credibility. During assurance engagements, SAPs educate managers and encourage changing the norms underlying sustainability reporting. At the end of the assurance engagement, SAPs provide a management report demonstrating added-value of assurance and encouraging clients broader-scoped engagements. However, with each assurance engagement, the recommendations offer diminishing returns, often leading managers to question the value of broad-scoped engagements and to consider narrowing the scope to realize savings. Under these conditions, client pressure (potentially managerial capture) along with practitioners’ desires to grow assurance income (potentially professional capture) can affect SAPs’ independence and the quality of their assurance work.,The study implies that regulation mandating the scope of engagements may be called for.,The authors contribute to the research literature in several ways. First, the findings show how professional and managerial capture occurs before, during and at the end of the assurance process. The authors highlight how perceived value addition from sustainability assurance diminishes over time and how this impacts the scope of engagements (with implications for SAPs independence and the quality of assurance work). The authors show these findings in a table, clarifying the complicated interrelationships. Second, the authors contribute to theory by identifying a new form of institutional work. Third, unlike previous studies focused on SAPs, the authors provide insights from the perspectives of both SAPs and SRMs.
{"title":"How Sustainability Assurance Engagement Scopes Are Determined, and Its Impact on Capture and Credibility Enhancement","authors":"M. Farooq, C. de Villiers","doi":"10.1108/aaaj-11-2018-3727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-11-2018-3727","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine how sustainability assurance providers’ (SAPs) promotion of sustainability assurance influences the scope of engagements, its implications for professional and managerial capture and the ability of sustainability assurance to promote credible reporting.,The authors conducted in-depth interviews with sustainability reporting managers (SRMs) and SAPs in Australia and New Zealand, using an institutional work lens to focus the analysis.,At the start of a new assurance engagement, SAPs offer pre-assurance and flexible assurance scopes, allowing them to recruit clients on narrow-scoped engagements. These narrow-scoped engagements focus on disclosed content and limit SAPs’ ability to add value and enhance credibility. During assurance engagements, SAPs educate managers and encourage changing the norms underlying sustainability reporting. At the end of the assurance engagement, SAPs provide a management report demonstrating added-value of assurance and encouraging clients broader-scoped engagements. However, with each assurance engagement, the recommendations offer diminishing returns, often leading managers to question the value of broad-scoped engagements and to consider narrowing the scope to realize savings. Under these conditions, client pressure (potentially managerial capture) along with practitioners’ desires to grow assurance income (potentially professional capture) can affect SAPs’ independence and the quality of their assurance work.,The study implies that regulation mandating the scope of engagements may be called for.,The authors contribute to the research literature in several ways. First, the findings show how professional and managerial capture occurs before, during and at the end of the assurance process. The authors highlight how perceived value addition from sustainability assurance diminishes over time and how this impacts the scope of engagements (with implications for SAPs independence and the quality of assurance work). The authors show these findings in a table, clarifying the complicated interrelationships. Second, the authors contribute to theory by identifying a new form of institutional work. Third, unlike previous studies focused on SAPs, the authors provide insights from the perspectives of both SAPs and SRMs.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116753491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Decentralization, Local Government Competition, and Regional Green Development: Evidence From China","authors":"Haitao Wu, Yunwei Li, Hao Yu, Siyu Ren, Pengfei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper makes three contributions to the literature on private provision of public goods. First, we identify limitations of the frequently used specification test that distinguishes between the standard models of pure and impure altruism based on the extent of crowding out. While the literature takes as given the result that crowding out should be less with impure altruism compared with pure altruism, we show that, in general, it can be either more or less. Second, we propose a more general test based on the presence of crowding in, rather than the extent of crowding out. Third, we provide empirical evidence. Using a unique panel data set on volunteerism in U.S. National Parks, we estimate the causal effect of changes in public funding within parks on the amount of within-park volunteerism. The overall finding is that each additional dollar of public expenditure crowds in 27 cents worth of volunteerism on average. We show how the estimates of crowding in, along with heterogeneity based on park and volunteer hour types, are theoretically consistent with the mainstay model of impure altruism.
{"title":"Crowding in with Impure Altruism: Theory and Evidence from Volunteerism in National Parks","authors":"Matthew J. Kotchen, Katherine R. H. Wagner","doi":"10.3386/w26445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26445","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes three contributions to the literature on private provision of public goods. First, we identify limitations of the frequently used specification test that distinguishes between the standard models of pure and impure altruism based on the extent of crowding out. While the literature takes as given the result that crowding out should be less with impure altruism compared with pure altruism, we show that, in general, it can be either more or less. Second, we propose a more general test based on the presence of crowding in, rather than the extent of crowding out. Third, we provide empirical evidence. Using a unique panel data set on volunteerism in U.S. National Parks, we estimate the causal effect of changes in public funding within parks on the amount of within-park volunteerism. The overall finding is that each additional dollar of public expenditure crowds in 27 cents worth of volunteerism on average. We show how the estimates of crowding in, along with heterogeneity based on park and volunteer hour types, are theoretically consistent with the mainstay model of impure altruism.","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0042
Tariq Hassaneen Ismail
Purpose This study aims at investigating the extent to which Egyptian universities disclose information on social responsibility to different stakeholders, which leads to the enhancement of sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach An index of social responsibility that fits the Egyptian universities is established, comprising four dimensions: organizational governance, energy and environment resource sustainability, human resource development and community participation and community development. This index has been used to score the disclosure level of social responsibility of Egyptian universities. This study uses information available on websites of Egyptian universities as of the end of December 2018. Frequencies provide the basis for discussion. Findings The results reveal that the level of disclosure of universities on social responsibility is low, but, in favor of private universities vs public universities. At the university level, only a few numbers of public universities disclosed high volume of information on social responsibility, such as Cairo University, Ain Shams University, Alexandria University and Assiut University. Furthermore, the results manifest that public universities disclose higher level of information related to organizational governance, energy and environment resource sustainability and community participation and community development, whereas, private universities disclose higher level of information related to human resource development. Research limitations/implications The results are constrained with the social responsibility dimensions and attributes used to establish a disclosure index that fits Egyptian universities, as well as the information disclosed on universities websites. Originality/value This study provides insights to Egyptian higher education regulators and the rectors of Egyptian universities that may help in planning and monitoring social responsibility activities in a way that could lead to sustainable development.
{"title":"Does Egyptian Universities’ Disclosure on Social Responsibility Enhance Sustainable Development?","authors":"Tariq Hassaneen Ismail","doi":"10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims at investigating the extent to which Egyptian universities disclose information on social responsibility to different stakeholders, which leads to the enhancement of sustainable development.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An index of social responsibility that fits the Egyptian universities is established, comprising four dimensions: organizational governance, energy and environment resource sustainability, human resource development and community participation and community development. This index has been used to score the disclosure level of social responsibility of Egyptian universities. This study uses information available on websites of Egyptian universities as of the end of December 2018. Frequencies provide the basis for discussion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results reveal that the level of disclosure of universities on social responsibility is low, but, in favor of private universities vs public universities. At the university level, only a few numbers of public universities disclosed high volume of information on social responsibility, such as Cairo University, Ain Shams University, Alexandria University and Assiut University. Furthermore, the results manifest that public universities disclose higher level of information related to organizational governance, energy and environment resource sustainability and community participation and community development, whereas, private universities disclose higher level of information related to human resource development.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The results are constrained with the social responsibility dimensions and attributes used to establish a disclosure index that fits Egyptian universities, as well as the information disclosed on universities websites.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study provides insights to Egyptian higher education regulators and the rectors of Egyptian universities that may help in planning and monitoring social responsibility activities in a way that could lead to sustainable development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":175326,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Sustainable Development (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115240212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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