Pub Date : 2019-03-12DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000507
Reyes Astivia Mje, Torres Jv, Barrera Gm, Díaz Cb
Phosphate coatings can prevent or minimize the environmental corrosion of metals and they are often used as the base for subsequent coatings or painting processes. In this work a mobile device was used to perform carbon steel phosphating, which will work against corrosion. The methodology used involved mechanical cleaning of the substrate as well as a chemical cleaning to eliminate possible contaminants on the metal surface. Following that, the superficial phosphating was performed to find the ideal conditions that gave the best results. Finally, the results from SEM and XRD analysis showed the morphology and surface composition of the coatings obtained from both studied methods. The results from the applied dipped cell method compared with the mobile system indicated the reliability of the methods.
{"title":"Properties of Zinc Phosphate Coatings on Carbon Steel Using a Thermostatic Cell and a Mobile System","authors":"Reyes Astivia Mje, Torres Jv, Barrera Gm, Díaz Cb","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000507","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate coatings can prevent or minimize the environmental corrosion of metals and they are often used as the base for subsequent coatings or painting processes. In this work a mobile device was used to perform carbon steel phosphating, which will work against corrosion. The methodology used involved mechanical cleaning of the substrate as well as a chemical cleaning to eliminate possible contaminants on the metal surface. Following that, the superficial phosphating was performed to find the ideal conditions that gave the best results. Finally, the results from SEM and XRD analysis showed the morphology and surface composition of the coatings obtained from both studied methods. The results from the applied dipped cell method compared with the mobile system indicated the reliability of the methods.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128861658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.31031/acsr.2019.01.000506
{"title":"Potential Health Benefits in Controlling Type 2 Diabetes of Resistant Starches in Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) Flour Stored During 5 Months","authors":"","doi":"10.31031/acsr.2019.01.000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/acsr.2019.01.000506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121129582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000505
T. George, Guoping Zhang, R. Letfullin
We applaud Crimson Publishers for launching the new online journal called Annals of Chemical Science Research. It can be argued that chemistry represents the most commonly shared branch of science and engineering among the various disciplines, including physics, biology, materials, spectroscopy and lasers/ optics – hence its descriptor of centrality. To fully understand and appreciate any field of science (pure and applied), being grounded in the fundamentals of chemistry is essential. This is of course why varying levels of chemistry courses are required by students majoring in any area of science and many areas of engineering.
{"title":"The Centrality of Chemistry","authors":"T. George, Guoping Zhang, R. Letfullin","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000505","url":null,"abstract":"We applaud Crimson Publishers for launching the new online journal called Annals of Chemical Science Research. It can be argued that chemistry represents the most commonly shared branch of science and engineering among the various disciplines, including physics, biology, materials, spectroscopy and lasers/ optics – hence its descriptor of centrality. To fully understand and appreciate any field of science (pure and applied), being grounded in the fundamentals of chemistry is essential. This is of course why varying levels of chemistry courses are required by students majoring in any area of science and many areas of engineering.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000504
B. T. Utelbayev, E. Suleimenov, A. Utelbayeva
Chemistry is well known-the science of substances that studies the processes of their transformation accompanied by changes in the composition and structure [1-3]. As a result of a chemical reaction, chemical work is performed with the redistribution of chemical bonds, accompanied by the release or absorption of heat, light, and other manifestations. And here the question arises about the nature of the moving force of the work, what is, the reasons for the occurrence of a chemical reaction. At the same time, the number of nucleons, electrons participating in chemical transformations remains unchanged, however, new “chemical individuals” are formed [4-11] and the internal energy of the reacting systems changes. In [2], the authors of the theory of elementary interactions, the course of chemical reactions, conclude that molecules break down into active particles that interact with the molecule in three stages: association, electronic isomerization and dissociation. At their suggestion, the presence of the electron isomerization stage explains why and how the chemical bond-breaking reactions proceed at room temperature. And temperature, catalyst and other factors, with all their physical differences, play the same rolethe initiator. In our opinion, in the case under consideration, the association of reacting molecules is a modification of the theory of the transition state and most importantly, the moving force of electron isomerization is not indicated. It can react only when an active particle appears, for which radicals, ions and solvent molecules are taken, i.e., it also requires activation energy.
{"title":"About the Moving Force of Chemical Reactions","authors":"B. T. Utelbayev, E. Suleimenov, A. Utelbayeva","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000504","url":null,"abstract":"Chemistry is well known-the science of substances that studies the processes of their transformation accompanied by changes in the composition and structure [1-3]. As a result of a chemical reaction, chemical work is performed with the redistribution of chemical bonds, accompanied by the release or absorption of heat, light, and other manifestations. And here the question arises about the nature of the moving force of the work, what is, the reasons for the occurrence of a chemical reaction. At the same time, the number of nucleons, electrons participating in chemical transformations remains unchanged, however, new “chemical individuals” are formed [4-11] and the internal energy of the reacting systems changes. In [2], the authors of the theory of elementary interactions, the course of chemical reactions, conclude that molecules break down into active particles that interact with the molecule in three stages: association, electronic isomerization and dissociation. At their suggestion, the presence of the electron isomerization stage explains why and how the chemical bond-breaking reactions proceed at room temperature. And temperature, catalyst and other factors, with all their physical differences, play the same rolethe initiator. In our opinion, in the case under consideration, the association of reacting molecules is a modification of the theory of the transition state and most importantly, the moving force of electron isomerization is not indicated. It can react only when an active particle appears, for which radicals, ions and solvent molecules are taken, i.e., it also requires activation energy.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124748986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000503
M. Ishak, S. Hassan, Ali H. Jawad, K. Ismail
sam-Abstract The present study focuses on characterization of two biomass samples namely rubber seed shell (RSS) and rubber seed kernel (RSK), as potential raw materials for co-liquefaction with Mukah Balingian low rank Malaysian coal. The physical and chemical characteristics of the biomass samples such as proximate and ultimate analyses, number of extractives, holocellulose and hemicelluloses content, calorific value, bio-oil yield and pyrolysis behavior were determined. Apparently, RSK was found to be more suitable as co-liquefaction material with Mukah Balingian coal due to its high carbon (64.5wt%), high volatile matter (92.4wt%) content, and high percent yield of bio-oil (33.1wt%). Further, the pyrolysis thermogram indicated that RSK contained higher lignified material than RSS. Moreover, RSK exhibits higher calorific value with comparison to RSS and coal.
{"title":"Characterization of Rubber Seed Shell and Kernel (Hevea brasiliensis) as Raw Materials for Co-liquefaction with Low Rank Coal","authors":"M. Ishak, S. Hassan, Ali H. Jawad, K. Ismail","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2019.01.000503","url":null,"abstract":"sam-Abstract The present study focuses on characterization of two biomass samples namely rubber seed shell (RSS) and rubber seed kernel (RSK), as potential raw materials for co-liquefaction with Mukah Balingian low rank Malaysian coal. The physical and chemical characteristics of the biomass samples such as proximate and ultimate analyses, number of extractives, holocellulose and hemicelluloses content, calorific value, bio-oil yield and pyrolysis behavior were determined. Apparently, RSK was found to be more suitable as co-liquefaction material with Mukah Balingian coal due to its high carbon (64.5wt%), high volatile matter (92.4wt%) content, and high percent yield of bio-oil (33.1wt%). Further, the pyrolysis thermogram indicated that RSK contained higher lignified material than RSS. Moreover, RSK exhibits higher calorific value with comparison to RSS and coal.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129705560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000502
D. Karaman
The direction for synthetic chemistry that focuses on the approaches to building new materials form the fundamental building units of atoms and molecules is regarded as nanochemistry. In the framework of nanomedicine, new freedoms can be proposed with the help of nano-chemistry approaches in order to create nano-pharmaceuticals for theraphy and nanoimaging probes for diagnostic. Nanoparticles with different functionalities can be created by tuning their size, shape, surfaces, interfaces, and constituents with the aid of nano-chemistry approaches. Nano-chemistry has provided the opportunity to weaken the boundaries between the disciplines and connect them globally. As already depicted by Niemeyer in the beginning of this century “chemistry is the central science for the development of applied disciplines such as materials research and biotechnology” [1]. In today’s research, nano-chemistry has contributed for diminishing the defined boundaries of biology, chemistry, physics, material, medicine, pharmacy for the benefit of nanomedicine research mainly by providing nanoparticles for medicine. By this way, innovative nanoparticle designs can address the challenges and shortcomings faced by traditional medicine. In this context, nanochemistry approaches help to form a nanoparticle-based diagnosis and theraphy.
{"title":"Nano-chemistry: The Toolbox for Nanoparticle Based Diagnosis and Theraphy","authors":"D. Karaman","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000502","url":null,"abstract":"The direction for synthetic chemistry that focuses on the approaches to building new materials form the fundamental building units of atoms and molecules is regarded as nanochemistry. In the framework of nanomedicine, new freedoms can be proposed with the help of nano-chemistry approaches in order to create nano-pharmaceuticals for theraphy and nanoimaging probes for diagnostic. Nanoparticles with different functionalities can be created by tuning their size, shape, surfaces, interfaces, and constituents with the aid of nano-chemistry approaches. Nano-chemistry has provided the opportunity to weaken the boundaries between the disciplines and connect them globally. As already depicted by Niemeyer in the beginning of this century “chemistry is the central science for the development of applied disciplines such as materials research and biotechnology” [1]. In today’s research, nano-chemistry has contributed for diminishing the defined boundaries of biology, chemistry, physics, material, medicine, pharmacy for the benefit of nanomedicine research mainly by providing nanoparticles for medicine. By this way, innovative nanoparticle designs can address the challenges and shortcomings faced by traditional medicine. In this context, nanochemistry approaches help to form a nanoparticle-based diagnosis and theraphy.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122966371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-30DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000501
L. A. Panamgama
Current world population is heavily dependent on fossil fuels (petrochemicals) for their energy needs and it is difficult to imagine what would happen to the world when this limited resource has come to the end in one day. Fossil resources are limited, environmentally unfriendly and their prices are liable to change unpredictably and rapidly depending on political and economic situations. It has predicted that if we use this scary limited resource at the current rate of consumption, less than a half century it would come to an end. On the other hand, excessive usage of petrochemicals has created a lot of environmental issuers as well, such as polluted environments in most of the highly congested cities in the world and global warming due to greenhouse effect. Further evaluation of much warmer climates in the world is responsible for the rising of sea levels due to melting of snow etc., It can be expected that in the near future tiny island around the globe would be no longer visible and would sink. Therefore, seeking and developing of alternative and new energy resources as well as lowering of the rate of consumption of petrochemicals are equally vital.
{"title":"Liquefaction of Lignocelluloses as a Promising Alternative to Petrochemicals","authors":"L. A. Panamgama","doi":"10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/ACSR.2018.01.000501","url":null,"abstract":"Current world population is heavily dependent on fossil fuels (petrochemicals) for their energy needs and it is difficult to imagine what would happen to the world when this limited resource has come to the end in one day. Fossil resources are limited, environmentally unfriendly and their prices are liable to change unpredictably and rapidly depending on political and economic situations. It has predicted that if we use this scary limited resource at the current rate of consumption, less than a half century it would come to an end. On the other hand, excessive usage of petrochemicals has created a lot of environmental issuers as well, such as polluted environments in most of the highly congested cities in the world and global warming due to greenhouse effect. Further evaluation of much warmer climates in the world is responsible for the rising of sea levels due to melting of snow etc., It can be expected that in the near future tiny island around the globe would be no longer visible and would sink. Therefore, seeking and developing of alternative and new energy resources as well as lowering of the rate of consumption of petrochemicals are equally vital.","PeriodicalId":175500,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Chemical Science Research","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124285413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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