A. Mojiri, John L. Zhou, H. Ratnaweera, A. Ohashi, N. Ozaki, T. Kindaichi, H. Asakura
Landfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand and generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic and inorganic contaminants. Landfill leachate may differ depending on the content and age of landfill contents, the degradation procedure, climate and hydrological conditions. We aimed to explain the characteristics of landfill leachate and define the practicality of using different techniques for treating landfill leachate. Different treatments comprising biological methods (e.g. bioreactors, bioremediation and phytoremediation) and physicochemical approaches (e.g. advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration) were investigated in this study. Membrane bioreactors and integrated biological techniques, including integrated anaerobic ammonium oxidation and nitrification/denitrification processes, have demonstrated high performance in ammonia and nitrogen elimination, with a removal effectiveness of more than 90%. Moreover, improved elimination efficiency for suspended solids and turbidity has been achieved by coagulation/flocculation techniques. In addition, improved elimination of metals can be attained by combining different treatment techniques, with a removal effectiveness of 40–100%. Furthermore, combined treatment techniques for treating landfill leachate, owing to its high chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of ammonia and low biodegradability, have been reported with good performance. However, further study is necessary to enhance treatment methods to achieve maximum removal efficiency.
{"title":"Treatment of landfill leachate with different techniques: an overview","authors":"A. Mojiri, John L. Zhou, H. Ratnaweera, A. Ohashi, N. Ozaki, T. Kindaichi, H. Asakura","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.079","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand and generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic and inorganic contaminants. Landfill leachate may differ depending on the content and age of landfill contents, the degradation procedure, climate and hydrological conditions. We aimed to explain the characteristics of landfill leachate and define the practicality of using different techniques for treating landfill leachate. Different treatments comprising biological methods (e.g. bioreactors, bioremediation and phytoremediation) and physicochemical approaches (e.g. advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration) were investigated in this study. Membrane bioreactors and integrated biological techniques, including integrated anaerobic ammonium oxidation and nitrification/denitrification processes, have demonstrated high performance in ammonia and nitrogen elimination, with a removal effectiveness of more than 90%. Moreover, improved elimination efficiency for suspended solids and turbidity has been achieved by coagulation/flocculation techniques. In addition, improved elimination of metals can be attained by combining different treatment techniques, with a removal effectiveness of 40–100%. Furthermore, combined treatment techniques for treating landfill leachate, owing to its high chemical oxygen demand and concentrations of ammonia and low biodegradability, have been reported with good performance. However, further study is necessary to enhance treatment methods to achieve maximum removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/wrd.2020.079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Journal relaunching as Water Reuse","authors":"H. Hong-ying, Stephen R. Gray","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":"10 1","pages":"267-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced wastewater treatment is often used to produce one single water quality. In recent years, technologies have been developed that allow the production of different qualities that are fit for their purpose. These technology bundles are still not being marketed, and market requirements are unclear. Two constellations in West Basin, California and in Oman were analysed to shed light on the different constellations of actors, resource situations and institutions. The first led to the industrial reuse of several water qualities, while the second produced an application in holiday resorts, leisure and food production. A hypothetical solution was contrasted with an historical case. The analysis of the constellations showed that multi-sectoral investments and dependencies require strong cooperation arrangements and long-term agreements. Governmental institutions were revealed to be suitable for coordinating the process, especially during the initial phase, but also in view of security of supply. A (comparative) examination allows an initial, still provisional systematic overview of other constellations that favour systems with recycled water of different qualities. Further research is required to understand the welfare and distribution effects of multimodal water pricing policies and the feasibility of co-financing of agricultural irrigation and opportunities for more sustainable water reuse.
{"title":"Advanced processed wastewater for different uses: constellations favouring future implementation of a multimodal water reuse concept","authors":"Engelbert Schramm, Dennis R Becker, M. Fischer","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Advanced wastewater treatment is often used to produce one single water quality. In recent years, technologies have been developed that allow the production of different qualities that are fit for their purpose. These technology bundles are still not being marketed, and market requirements are unclear. Two constellations in West Basin, California and in Oman were analysed to shed light on the different constellations of actors, resource situations and institutions. The first led to the industrial reuse of several water qualities, while the second produced an application in holiday resorts, leisure and food production. A hypothetical solution was contrasted with an historical case. The analysis of the constellations showed that multi-sectoral investments and dependencies require strong cooperation arrangements and long-term agreements. Governmental institutions were revealed to be suitable for coordinating the process, especially during the initial phase, but also in view of security of supply. A (comparative) examination allows an initial, still provisional systematic overview of other constellations that favour systems with recycled water of different qualities. Further research is required to understand the welfare and distribution effects of multimodal water pricing policies and the feasibility of co-financing of agricultural irrigation and opportunities for more sustainable water reuse.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44601870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The federal research project, PAkmem, deals with the recycling of industrial wastewater. The aim of the project is to develop and pilot an innovative integrative process for produced water treatment in the oil and gas industry utilizing flotation and ceramic micro-nano-membrane filtrations (MF-NF membranes) as well as the wastewater treatment of the ceramic industry with ceramic NF-membranes and electrodialysis (ED). The process utilized should remove fine particles, organic matter and divalent ions in order to make the water dischargeable or reusable (direct disposal or reuse as process water in the ceramic industry and the enhanced oil recovery reinjection in the oil and gas industry in which the water is conditioned in order to increase the oil production yield). Three pilot plants were designed and built according to strict safety standards and were operated on industrial manufacturing sites in Germany in 2019. Two innovative optical fine particle measuring techniques (inline and online) have been specially adapted for the project and integrated into the pilot plants. The results show promising technical potential for the use of ceramic membranes in the above-mentioned applications.
{"title":"Sustainable industrial wastewater reuse using ceramic nanofiltration: results from two pilot projects in the oil and gas and the ceramics industries","authors":"M. Beery, C. Pflieger, M. Weyd","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The federal research project, PAkmem, deals with the recycling of industrial wastewater. The aim of the project is to develop and pilot an innovative integrative process for produced water treatment in the oil and gas industry utilizing flotation and ceramic micro-nano-membrane filtrations (MF-NF membranes) as well as the wastewater treatment of the ceramic industry with ceramic NF-membranes and electrodialysis (ED). The process utilized should remove fine particles, organic matter and divalent ions in order to make the water dischargeable or reusable (direct disposal or reuse as process water in the ceramic industry and the enhanced oil recovery reinjection in the oil and gas industry in which the water is conditioned in order to increase the oil production yield). Three pilot plants were designed and built according to strict safety standards and were operated on industrial manufacturing sites in Germany in 2019. Two innovative optical fine particle measuring techniques (inline and online) have been specially adapted for the project and integrated into the pilot plants. The results show promising technical potential for the use of ceramic membranes in the above-mentioned applications.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47897171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m /g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm /g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C1⁄4O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.
{"title":"Removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using sludge-based activated carbon modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide","authors":"Xiaorong Kang, Yali Liu, Can Yang, Han Cheng","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.162","url":null,"abstract":"Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m /g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm /g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C1⁄4O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/wrd.2020.162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bauer, A. Dell, J. Behnisch, H. Linke, M. Wagner
Requirements for wastewater management and water-reuse concepts concerning sustainability are gaining greater importance, especially in times of climate change. Industrial park developments are often hindered due to water scarcity. Thus, nowadays, the reuse of wastewater is becoming more and more important to increase the availability of water and to enable new developments. The sustainable Industrial WasteWater Management Concept with the focus on Reuse (IW2MC → R) provides a solution strategy to produce reuse water from industrial wastewater within production plants. To achieve sustainability, certain requirements are essential since the reuse water can be provided directly via an optimized wastewater treatment process for subsequent use. Hence, it is then ‘fit for purpose’. This enables a more efficient application of reuse water. Furthermore, due to environmental issues, it is important to construct space-saving water resource recovery facilities for reducing land consumption within industrial parks.
{"title":"Sustainability requirements of implementing water-reuse concepts for new industrial park developments in water-stressed regions","authors":"S. Bauer, A. Dell, J. Behnisch, H. Linke, M. Wagner","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Requirements for wastewater management and water-reuse concepts concerning sustainability are gaining greater importance, especially in times of climate change. Industrial park developments are often hindered due to water scarcity. Thus, nowadays, the reuse of wastewater is becoming more and more important to increase the availability of water and to enable new developments. The sustainable Industrial WasteWater Management Concept with the focus on Reuse (IW2MC → R) provides a solution strategy to produce reuse water from industrial wastewater within production plants. To achieve sustainability, certain requirements are essential since the reuse water can be provided directly via an optimized wastewater treatment process for subsequent use. Hence, it is then ‘fit for purpose’. This enables a more efficient application of reuse water. Furthermore, due to environmental issues, it is important to construct space-saving water resource recovery facilities for reducing land consumption within industrial parks.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48685118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie, N. Habtu, Abhishek Dutta, B. Bruggen
A shortage of safe drinking water is one of the leading problems in the world. Even in developed countries where water treatment systems are present, safe drinking water may not be always available due to the limitations of advanced water treatment techniques and high energy costs. On the other hand, many rural communities in Asia and Africa situated in semi-arid to arid regions are without reliable access to clean drinking water. It is, therefore, important to explore how solar energy can be linked to water treatment systems for clean drinking water production. Membrane-based water purification technologies play a major role in water purification by utilization of low-cost heat sources to make the process economically and technically viable for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Solar energy can be a viable source of power for water purification facilities in the coming years. Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are appropriate solar energy collectors for making a solar-powered water treatment system. Solar-assisted membrane-based water purification techniques could have a viable solution to the existing problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to the high quality of potable water demand, studies have been carried out on solar-assisted membrane-based technologies in water purification. This review considers basic concepts, specific energy consumption, water production cost, and applications of solar-driven membrane-based water purification technologies such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and hybrid membrane systems. This review will allow the researchers to have a wider overview of the effort made by several investigators in the area of solar-assisted membrane-based water purification technology.
{"title":"Solar-assisted membrane technology for water purification: a review","authors":"Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie, N. Habtu, Abhishek Dutta, B. Bruggen","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A shortage of safe drinking water is one of the leading problems in the world. Even in developed countries where water treatment systems are present, safe drinking water may not be always available due to the limitations of advanced water treatment techniques and high energy costs. On the other hand, many rural communities in Asia and Africa situated in semi-arid to arid regions are without reliable access to clean drinking water. It is, therefore, important to explore how solar energy can be linked to water treatment systems for clean drinking water production. Membrane-based water purification technologies play a major role in water purification by utilization of low-cost heat sources to make the process economically and technically viable for small, medium, and large-scale applications. Solar energy can be a viable source of power for water purification facilities in the coming years. Photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors are appropriate solar energy collectors for making a solar-powered water treatment system. Solar-assisted membrane-based water purification techniques could have a viable solution to the existing problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Due to the high quality of potable water demand, studies have been carried out on solar-assisted membrane-based technologies in water purification. This review considers basic concepts, specific energy consumption, water production cost, and applications of solar-driven membrane-based water purification technologies such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and hybrid membrane systems. This review will allow the researchers to have a wider overview of the effort made by several investigators in the area of solar-assisted membrane-based water purification technology.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2166/wrd.2020.049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birte Boysen, J. Cristóbal, J. Hilbig, Almut Güldemund, L. Schebek, K. Rudolph
Industrial wastewater reuse is a major measure to mitigate the depletion of available freshwater resources in the catchments around industrial areas and to prevent possible future water shortages and the resulting problems for industry, economy and society. Combining a set of environmental aspects and economic aspects of different wastewater treatment technologies, the authors developed a model-based approach for planning and evaluating water reuse concepts in industrial parks. This paper is based on an exemplary Model Industrial Park. The results based on data primarily calculated for Germany show that, for the majority of the indicators, the installation of the Water Reuse Plant seems to be beneficial for all examined reuse options. Considering the economic dimension, due to economies of scale, reuse options with larger volumes of treated water are preferable since the costs per m3 of reuse water are reduced by up to 33%. On the other hand, the environmentally preferable option depends on the respective indicator, e.g. for freshwater eutrophication, the higher the reuse factor, the lower the impact, leading to reductions between 8 and 12%. For climate change, the best option is dependent on the reuse purpose leading to reductions between 8 and 52%.
{"title":"Economic and environmental assessment of water reuse in industrial parks: case study based on a Model Industrial Park","authors":"Birte Boysen, J. Cristóbal, J. Hilbig, Almut Güldemund, L. Schebek, K. Rudolph","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Industrial wastewater reuse is a major measure to mitigate the depletion of available freshwater resources in the catchments around industrial areas and to prevent possible future water shortages and the resulting problems for industry, economy and society. Combining a set of environmental aspects and economic aspects of different wastewater treatment technologies, the authors developed a model-based approach for planning and evaluating water reuse concepts in industrial parks. This paper is based on an exemplary Model Industrial Park. The results based on data primarily calculated for Germany show that, for the majority of the indicators, the installation of the Water Reuse Plant seems to be beneficial for all examined reuse options. Considering the economic dimension, due to economies of scale, reuse options with larger volumes of treated water are preferable since the costs per m3 of reuse water are reduced by up to 33%. On the other hand, the environmentally preferable option depends on the respective indicator, e.g. for freshwater eutrophication, the higher the reuse factor, the lower the impact, leading to reductions between 8 and 12%. For climate change, the best option is dependent on the reuse purpose leading to reductions between 8 and 52%.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristina Wencki, Verena Thöne, Dennis R Becker, K. Krömer, Isabelle Sattig, G. Lischeid, M. Zimmermann
Treated wastewater is expected to constitute an essential part of the urban water cycle as an additional water resource in water-scarce or densely populated regions in the future. As decisions on the implementation of water recycling measures should always consider local conditions, the project ‘MULTI-ReUse: Modular treatment and monitoring for wastewater reuse’ has developed a comprehensive sustainability assessment tool, designed to support decision-makers in examining the technical feasibility, economic viability, ecological compatibility and social acceptance of alternative service water supply solutions at local level. This article describes the structure of this sustainability assessment tool and its underlying multi-criteria assessment approach based on 23 evaluation criteria. Already in the development phase, the tool was tested in a German and a Namibian case study. Both case studies are presented with a special focus on the technologies used and the results of the analysis with the sustainability assessment tool. Case study testing proved that the tool is applicable in various environmental and societal settings with widely differing climatic conditions, limited resource availability, for varying feed water qualities and water quality requirements. The comprehensive, straightforward assessment approach enabled the local users to identify the most sustainable supply system or strategy for their decision case.
{"title":"Application of a decision support tool for industrial and agricultural water reuse solutions in international case studies","authors":"Kristina Wencki, Verena Thöne, Dennis R Becker, K. Krömer, Isabelle Sattig, G. Lischeid, M. Zimmermann","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Treated wastewater is expected to constitute an essential part of the urban water cycle as an additional water resource in water-scarce or densely populated regions in the future. As decisions on the implementation of water recycling measures should always consider local conditions, the project ‘MULTI-ReUse: Modular treatment and monitoring for wastewater reuse’ has developed a comprehensive sustainability assessment tool, designed to support decision-makers in examining the technical feasibility, economic viability, ecological compatibility and social acceptance of alternative service water supply solutions at local level. This article describes the structure of this sustainability assessment tool and its underlying multi-criteria assessment approach based on 23 evaluation criteria. Already in the development phase, the tool was tested in a German and a Namibian case study. Both case studies are presented with a special focus on the technologies used and the results of the analysis with the sustainability assessment tool. Case study testing proved that the tool is applicable in various environmental and societal settings with widely differing climatic conditions, limited resource availability, for varying feed water qualities and water quality requirements. The comprehensive, straightforward assessment approach enabled the local users to identify the most sustainable supply system or strategy for their decision case.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hilbig, Birte Boysen, Philipp Wolfsdorf, K. Rudolph
Industrial parks (IPs) play a significant role in the context of economic growth as well as urban and regional development strategies. They rely on the availability of factors of production and an enabling environment, which also includes the legal framework and economic conditions. The availability of water is essential for the operation and expansion of IPs. Sustainable, efficient and reliable water supply is crucial for IPs and the companies located in the IPs. Reusing wastewater to reduce the amount of drinking or process water necessary for production requires economically viable treatment processes. From an economic point of view, it is important to compare the costs of different treatment trains and to ensure that technical solutions generate an economic benefit for the operators of the IPs. Based on data from municipal wastewater treatment, the authors derive cost functions for individual treatment processes and develop tools for a modular economic assessment of water reuse in IPs.
{"title":"Economic evaluation of different treatment options for water reuse in industrial parks using modular cost functions","authors":"J. Hilbig, Birte Boysen, Philipp Wolfsdorf, K. Rudolph","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Industrial parks (IPs) play a significant role in the context of economic growth as well as urban and regional development strategies. They rely on the availability of factors of production and an enabling environment, which also includes the legal framework and economic conditions. The availability of water is essential for the operation and expansion of IPs. Sustainable, efficient and reliable water supply is crucial for IPs and the companies located in the IPs. Reusing wastewater to reduce the amount of drinking or process water necessary for production requires economically viable treatment processes. From an economic point of view, it is important to compare the costs of different treatment trains and to ensure that technical solutions generate an economic benefit for the operators of the IPs. Based on data from municipal wastewater treatment, the authors derive cost functions for individual treatment processes and develop tools for a modular economic assessment of water reuse in IPs.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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