Functional magnetic Fe3O4@PPy microspheres were prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and magnetometer, and the adsorption of Hg(II) onto Fe3O4@PPy was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of Hg(II) onto Fe3O4@PPy dramatically increases within 5 min and reaches adsorption equilibrium at 200 min. The adsorption of Hg(II) increases with pH increased, and a removal efficiency (RE) of 90.5% was obtained at pH 7.2. The isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption of Hg(II) onto the Fe3O4@PPy fits well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated qm value of 232.56 mg/g. The adsorption process of Hg(II) onto the Fe3O4@PPy is well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999. The thermodynamic coefficients (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms and illustrated that the adsorption of Hg(II) on the Fe3O4@PPy was spontaneous and endothermic. Different desorption agents were used to recover Hg(II) adsorbed onto Fe3O4@PPy, and a satisfactory recovery percentage of 93.0% was obtained by using 0.1 M HCl and 0.05 M NaCl.
制备了功能磁性Fe3O4@PPy微球，并用XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM和磁强计对其进行了表征，并研究了Fe3O4@PPy对Hg(II)的吸附。结果表明:Fe3O4@PPy对Hg(II)的吸附在5 min内急剧增加，在200 min时达到吸附平衡。随着pH的增加，Hg(II)的吸附量增加，在pH 7.2时，Hg(II)的去除率达到90.5%。等温线研究表明，Fe3O4@PPy吸附Hg(II)符合Langmuir等温线模型，计算得到的qm值为232.56 mg/g。Fe3O4@PPy吸附Hg(II)的拟二阶模型拟合良好，相关系数(R2)为0.999。热力学系数(ΔH°，ΔS°和ΔG°)由温度依赖的吸附等温线计算得到，表明Hg(II)在Fe3O4@PPy上的吸附是自发的、吸热的。采用不同的解吸剂对Fe3O4@PPy吸附的Hg(II)进行回收，0.1 M HCl和0.05 M NaCl的回收率为93.0%。
{"title":"Adsorption and desorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solution using magnetic Fe3O4@PPy composite microspheres","authors":"Xiao-qiang Cao, Fei Xiao, Xiao-yu Xie, Xuan-ke Li, Guang Li, Lin Li, Qing-jian Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiao-fang You, Y. Gai, X. Lyu","doi":"10.2166/WRD.2021.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WRD.2021.080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Functional magnetic Fe3O4@PPy microspheres were prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and magnetometer, and the adsorption of Hg(II) onto Fe3O4@PPy was investigated. The results showed that the adsorption of Hg(II) onto Fe3O4@PPy dramatically increases within 5 min and reaches adsorption equilibrium at 200 min. The adsorption of Hg(II) increases with pH increased, and a removal efficiency (RE) of 90.5% was obtained at pH 7.2. The isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption of Hg(II) onto the Fe3O4@PPy fits well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated qm value of 232.56 mg/g. The adsorption process of Hg(II) onto the Fe3O4@PPy is well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model with a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999. The thermodynamic coefficients (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms and illustrated that the adsorption of Hg(II) on the Fe3O4@PPy was spontaneous and endothermic. Different desorption agents were used to recover Hg(II) adsorbed onto Fe3O4@PPy, and a satisfactory recovery percentage of 93.0% was obtained by using 0.1 M HCl and 0.05 M NaCl.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using saline-alkali leachate to cultivate microalgae is an effective way to realize the utilization of wastewater and alleviate the shortage of water resources. Light source is usually used as an optimized parameter to further improve the cultivation efficiency of microalgae. In this work, the influence of light qualities on the growth and high-valued substances accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ in coastal saline-alkali leachate were investigated. The specific growth rate of Chlorella in coastal saline-alkali leachate was 0.27–0.60 d−1. At the end of cultivation, the algal density under blue light reached 8.71 ± 0.15 × 107 cells·mL−1, which was significantly higher than the other light groups. The lipid content in the biomass was 29.31–62.95%, and the highest lipid content and TAGs content were obtained under red light and blue-white mixed light, respectively. Percentages of total chlorophylls (0.81–1.70%) and carotenoids (0.08–0.25%) were obtained in the final biomass of the coastal saline-alkali leachate. In addition, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and three high-valued products under mixed light were higher than those of monochromatic light, and the protein, total sugar and starch content under blue-red mixed light was 1.52–3.76 times, 1.54–3.68 times and 1.06–3.35 times of monochromatic blue light and red light, respectively.
{"title":"Influence of light quality on Chlorella growth, photosynthetic pigments and high-valued products accumulation in coastal saline-alkali leachate","authors":"Xiao-ya Liu, Yu-Chuau Hong, W. Gu","doi":"10.2166/WRD.2021.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WRD.2021.088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using saline-alkali leachate to cultivate microalgae is an effective way to realize the utilization of wastewater and alleviate the shortage of water resources. Light source is usually used as an optimized parameter to further improve the cultivation efficiency of microalgae. In this work, the influence of light qualities on the growth and high-valued substances accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ in coastal saline-alkali leachate were investigated. The specific growth rate of Chlorella in coastal saline-alkali leachate was 0.27–0.60 d−1. At the end of cultivation, the algal density under blue light reached 8.71 ± 0.15 × 107 cells·mL−1, which was significantly higher than the other light groups. The lipid content in the biomass was 29.31–62.95%, and the highest lipid content and TAGs content were obtained under red light and blue-white mixed light, respectively. Percentages of total chlorophylls (0.81–1.70%) and carotenoids (0.08–0.25%) were obtained in the final biomass of the coastal saline-alkali leachate. In addition, the contents of photosynthetic pigments and three high-valued products under mixed light were higher than those of monochromatic light, and the protein, total sugar and starch content under blue-red mixed light was 1.52–3.76 times, 1.54–3.68 times and 1.06–3.35 times of monochromatic blue light and red light, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43178695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tong Yu, Chenlu Xu, F. Chen, Haoshuai Yin, Hao Sun, Lihua Cheng, X. Bi
Microcoagulation has recently been considered as a promising pretreatment for an ultrafiltration (UF) process from numerous studies. To investigate the effects of microcoagulation on the performance of the UF–reverse osmosis (RO) system treating wastewater with high and fluctuant salinity, different dosages of coagulant (poly-aluminum chloride) were added prior to the UF unit in a pilot-scale UF–RO system for a 10-week period operation. Microcoagulation obviously improved the contaminant removal and cleaning efficiencies, including water backwash, chemical enhanced backwash and cleaning in place processes. Organic fouling was dominated during the initial stage of the RO membrane fouling. The microbial communities of water samples and foulant on the RO membrane were similar to those of seawater and foulant on the RO membranes from seawater RO plants. The microbial community of the foulant on the membrane was similar to that of UF permeate and RO concentrate. These results demonstrated that microcoagulation could improve the performance of the UF–RO system treating the effluent with high and fluctuant salinity from a coastal municipal wastewater treatment plant.
{"title":"Microcoagulation improved the performance of the UF–RO system treating the effluent from a coastal municipal wastewater treatment plant: a pilot-scale study","authors":"Tong Yu, Chenlu Xu, F. Chen, Haoshuai Yin, Hao Sun, Lihua Cheng, X. Bi","doi":"10.2166/WRD.2021.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WRD.2021.099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microcoagulation has recently been considered as a promising pretreatment for an ultrafiltration (UF) process from numerous studies. To investigate the effects of microcoagulation on the performance of the UF–reverse osmosis (RO) system treating wastewater with high and fluctuant salinity, different dosages of coagulant (poly-aluminum chloride) were added prior to the UF unit in a pilot-scale UF–RO system for a 10-week period operation. Microcoagulation obviously improved the contaminant removal and cleaning efficiencies, including water backwash, chemical enhanced backwash and cleaning in place processes. Organic fouling was dominated during the initial stage of the RO membrane fouling. The microbial communities of water samples and foulant on the RO membrane were similar to those of seawater and foulant on the RO membranes from seawater RO plants. The microbial community of the foulant on the membrane was similar to that of UF permeate and RO concentrate. These results demonstrated that microcoagulation could improve the performance of the UF–RO system treating the effluent with high and fluctuant salinity from a coastal municipal wastewater treatment plant.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gray water is a great resource for replacing fresh water to be used in standardized usages. The use of treated gray water reduces water consumption and the entry of pollutants into the environment. However, if left untreated, it can be dangerous. The present study examines the efficiency of a gray water treatment system consisting of primary filter, aeration, secondary filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit. After examining the characteristics of gray water, the efficiency of this system was analyzed to remove the pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ABS and total coliform parameters. Then, the gray water treated through this system was compared with the environmental standard of Iran. The pH of the treated gray water was 7.5–7.6. The efficiency of this system for removing the BOD and COD parameters was 98–100 and 76–100%, respectively. This system had an efficiency of 96–97% to eliminate the ABS parameter. Also, this system was able to eliminate total coliform with 100% efficiency. Results showed that in the three series of experiments performed on this system, according to the Iranian standard, the treated wastewater is suitable for irrigation and agricultural uses. However, this system could not be licensed for the COD parameter regarding the discharge to surface water and absorbent wells.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency of a gray water treatment system based on aeration and filtration","authors":"Maziar Kabiri, A. Akbarpour, M. Akbari","doi":"10.2166/WRD.2021.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WRD.2021.084","url":null,"abstract":"Gray water is a great resource for replacing fresh water to be used in standardized usages. The use of treated gray water reduces water consumption and the entry of pollutants into the environment. However, if left untreated, it can be dangerous. The present study examines the efficiency of a gray water treatment system consisting of primary filter, aeration, secondary filter and ultraviolet disinfection unit. After examining the characteristics of gray water, the efficiency of this system was analyzed to remove the pH, TSS, BOD, COD, ABS and total coliform parameters. Then, the gray water treated through this system was compared with the environmental standard of Iran. The pH of the treated gray water was 7.5–7.6. The efficiency of this system for removing the BOD and COD parameters was 98–100 and 76–100%, respectively. This system had an efficiency of 96–97% to eliminate the ABS parameter. Also, this system was able to eliminate total coliform with 100% efficiency. Results showed that in the three series of experiments performed on this system, according to the Iranian standard, the treated wastewater is suitable for irrigation and agricultural uses. However, this system could not be licensed for the COD parameter regarding the discharge to surface water and absorbent wells.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47213768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lina Wallmann, J. Krampe, J. Lahnsteiner, E. Radu, P. Rensburg, K. Slipko, M. Wögerbauer, N. Kreuzinger
Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.
{"title":"Fate and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes through a multi-barrier treatment facility for direct potable reuse","authors":"Lina Wallmann, J. Krampe, J. Lahnsteiner, E. Radu, P. Rensburg, K. Slipko, M. Wögerbauer, N. Kreuzinger","doi":"10.2166/WRD.2021.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/WRD.2021.097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Given the availability of technological solutions and guidelines for safe drinking water, direct potable reuse of reclaimed water has become a promising option to overcome severe lack of potable water in arid regions. However, the growing awareness of the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in corresponding raw wastes has led to new safety concerns. This study investigated the fate of ARB and intracellular and extracellular ARG after each treatment step of an advanced water treatment facility in Windhoek, Namibia. The New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (NGWRP) produces drinking water from domestic secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent and directly provides for roughly a quarter of Windhoek's potable water demand. Procedures to study resistance determinants were based on both molecular biology and culture-based microbiological methods. TaqMan real-time PCR was employed to detect and quantify intracellular resistance genes sul1, ermB, vanA, nptII and nptIII as well as extracellular resistance gene sul1. The NGWRP reduced the amount of both culturable bacterial indicators as well as the resistance genes to levels below the limit of detection in the final product. The main ozonation and the ultrafiltration had the highest removal efficiencies on both resistance determinants.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46566327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial contamination is one of the main risks affecting water safety. Traditional microbial detection methods tend to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, this study investigated a potential rapid and simple method for bacterial detection in water by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Particularly, bacterial intrinsic fluorophores were divided into three regions, namely Region A (amino acids), Region N (NAD(P)H) and Region F (flavins). Afterwards, fluorescence characteristics of four pure bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as indigenous bacteria in secondary effluent from two water reclamation plants were evaluated via fluorescence regional integration (FRI). Correlation analysis between fluorescence intensity (FI) integral and bacterial concentration was conducted, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to distinguish the fluorescence spectra of different bacteria. The results showed that most of the bacterial autofluorescence was emitted by amino acids and the FI integral of flavins had a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9) with bacterial concentration. PCA could distinguish varied bacterial species and bacteria from different secondary effluents. This study indicated that FRI was helpful for the characterization of bacterial fluorescence and the quantification of bacteria in water.
{"title":"Characterization of bacterial fluorescence: insight into rapid detection of bacteria in water","authors":"Yu-qin Mao, Xiaowen Chen, Zhuo Chen, Gen-Qiang Chen, Yun Lu, Yin-Hu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2021.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.040","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial contamination is one of the main risks affecting water safety. Traditional microbial detection methods tend to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, this study investigated a potential rapid and simple method for bacterial detection in water by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Particularly, bacterial intrinsic fluorophores were divided into three regions, namely Region A (amino acids), Region N (NAD(P)H) and Region F (flavins). Afterwards, fluorescence characteristics of four pure bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as indigenous bacteria in secondary effluent from two water reclamation plants were evaluated via fluorescence regional integration (FRI). Correlation analysis between fluorescence intensity (FI) integral and bacterial concentration was conducted, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to distinguish the fluorescence spectra of different bacteria. The results showed that most of the bacterial autofluorescence was emitted by amino acids and the FI integral of flavins had a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9) with bacterial concentration. PCA could distinguish varied bacterial species and bacteria from different secondary effluents. This study indicated that FRI was helpful for the characterization of bacterial fluorescence and the quantification of bacteria in water.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67991536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the simplified activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1), a 1D biofilm model containing autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms was developed to describe the microbial population dynamics and reactor dynamics of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite in sequencing batch reactor (CANON SBR). After sensitivity analysis and calibration for parameters, the simulation results of NH4+-N concentration and NO2−-N concentration were consistent with the measured results, while the simulated NO3−-N concentration was slightly lower than the measured. The simulation results showed that the soluble microbial products had an extremely low concentration. The aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria were the dominant microbial populations of the CANON system, while nitrite oxidization bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were eliminated completely. The optimal ratio of air aeration load to influent NH4+-N load was about 0.18 L air/mgN. The operating condition of the reactor was optimized according to the simulation results, and the total nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 0.312 ± 0.015 to 0.485 ± 0.013 kg N/m3/d and from 71.2 ± 4.3 to 85.7 ± 1.4%, respectively.
在简化活性污泥模型1号(ASM1)的基础上，建立了包含自养和异养微生物的1D生物膜模型，描述了顺序批式反应器(CANON SBR)中亚硝酸盐完全自养脱氮的微生物种群动态和反应器动态。经过敏感性分析和参数标定，NH4+-N和NO2−-N浓度模拟结果与实测值基本一致，NO3−-N浓度模拟值略低于实测值。模拟结果表明，可溶微生物产物的浓度极低。好氧氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌是CANON系统的优势菌群，亚硝酸盐氧化菌和异养菌被完全淘汰。曝气负荷与进水NH4+-N负荷的最佳比例约为0.18 L air/mgN。根据模拟结果对反应器运行条件进行优化，总氮去除率和总氮去除率分别从0.312±0.015 kg N/m3/d提高到0.485±0.013 kg N/m3/d，总氮去除率从71.2±4.3提高到85.7±1.4%。
{"title":"Modeling granule-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite (CANON) process in an SBR","authors":"Qing Cai, Qiang He, Shenmin Zhang, Jiajia Ding","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2021.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.041","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the simplified activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1), a 1D biofilm model containing autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms was developed to describe the microbial population dynamics and reactor dynamics of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite in sequencing batch reactor (CANON SBR). After sensitivity analysis and calibration for parameters, the simulation results of NH4+-N concentration and NO2−-N concentration were consistent with the measured results, while the simulated NO3−-N concentration was slightly lower than the measured. The simulation results showed that the soluble microbial products had an extremely low concentration. The aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria were the dominant microbial populations of the CANON system, while nitrite oxidization bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were eliminated completely. The optimal ratio of air aeration load to influent NH4+-N load was about 0.18 L air/mgN. The operating condition of the reactor was optimized according to the simulation results, and the total nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 0.312 ± 0.015 to 0.485 ± 0.013 kg N/m3/d and from 71.2 ± 4.3 to 85.7 ± 1.4%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67991579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gulamussen, A. Arsénio, N. Matsinhe, R. Manjate, L. Rietveld
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the possibilities of using treated wastewater for the production of unreinforced concrete blocks. Compressive strength, water absorption and morphology tests of concrete blocks, produced from different makeups of mixing water, drinking water, drinking water spiked with ammonium and phosphate, and the effluent of the city's wastewater treatment plant, were evaluated. Results showed that the compressive strength of blocks manufactured using treated wastewater was as high as of the blocks produced using drinking water. Ammonium, phosphate and chlorine were found not to have a negative effect on the strength of the blocks. Water absorption tests confirmed the results of the compressive strength, as lower humidity was found in cases of higher strength. In the process of cement hydration, crystals of calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide were observed by morphology tests. From the variability in the results, it could be concluded that the quality of the mixing water was not the only factor that influenced the strength of the unreinforced concrete blocks. The observed differences in strength could, for example, also be attributed to the manufacturing process.
{"title":"Use of reclaimed water for unreinforced concrete block production for the self-construction of houses","authors":"N. Gulamussen, A. Arsénio, N. Matsinhe, R. Manjate, L. Rietveld","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2021.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2021.031","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted to evaluate the possibilities of using treated wastewater for the production of unreinforced concrete blocks. Compressive strength, water absorption and morphology tests of concrete blocks, produced from different makeups of mixing water, drinking water, drinking water spiked with ammonium and phosphate, and the effluent of the city's wastewater treatment plant, were evaluated. Results showed that the compressive strength of blocks manufactured using treated wastewater was as high as of the blocks produced using drinking water. Ammonium, phosphate and chlorine were found not to have a negative effect on the strength of the blocks. Water absorption tests confirmed the results of the compressive strength, as lower humidity was found in cases of higher strength. In the process of cement hydration, crystals of calcium silicate and calcium hydroxide were observed by morphology tests. From the variability in the results, it could be concluded that the quality of the mixing water was not the only factor that influenced the strength of the unreinforced concrete blocks. The observed differences in strength could, for example, also be attributed to the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67991967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining is usually associated with draining of large quantities of water. On the other hand, mining operations themselves are water users for purposes like coal or ore washing, dust mitigation, recultivation, etc. The normally existing water surplus can be seen as a resource for public purposes instead of discharging the water to rivers and the sea. It is typical for the mining operation that these water amounts vary spatio-temporally according to the mining process. The R&D project WaterMiner investigates the example of the Hon Gai hard coal mining area in Ha Long, Vietnam, as to how and to what extent under the variable spatio-temporal conditions the mine water can cover the water demand in the mines themselves and contribute to the public water supply in the surrounding settlement area of Hon Gai. The spatio-temporal change of mine water drainage, mine water treatment and mine-internal water use and the potential mine-external water use volumes in the project region are investigated by a material flow model and visualized by Sankey diagrams, maps, and tables. Several options for delivery of mine water for mine-external water uses as a contribution to the public water supply are shown.
{"title":"Waterminer – a regional spatio-temporal approach to water reuse management in mining areas in Vietnam","authors":"S. Greassidis, V. T. Quoc, K. Brömme, H. Stolpe","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mining is usually associated with draining of large quantities of water. On the other hand, mining operations themselves are water users for purposes like coal or ore washing, dust mitigation, recultivation, etc. The normally existing water surplus can be seen as a resource for public purposes instead of discharging the water to rivers and the sea. It is typical for the mining operation that these water amounts vary spatio-temporally according to the mining process. The R&D project WaterMiner investigates the example of the Hon Gai hard coal mining area in Ha Long, Vietnam, as to how and to what extent under the variable spatio-temporal conditions the mine water can cover the water demand in the mines themselves and contribute to the public water supply in the surrounding settlement area of Hon Gai. The spatio-temporal change of mine water drainage, mine water treatment and mine-internal water use and the potential mine-external water use volumes in the project region are investigated by a material flow model and visualized by Sankey diagrams, maps, and tables. Several options for delivery of mine water for mine-external water uses as a contribution to the public water supply are shown.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42606285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Printed by BMBF Water in sufcient quantity and quality is fundamental for human health, the sustainable development of regions and an intact environment. However, water is becoming scarce not only in arid areas, but in many regions of the world. The ability to adequately supply households, agriculture and industry with water is becoming an ever greater global challenge. Water demand will drastically increase worldwide in the coming years. Main reasons are population growth, increasing industrial and agricultural activities and the expansion of metropolitan areas. At the same time, the availability of water is already severely limited and is even declining regionally. Contaminated and over-exploited water resources, climate change and the uneven distribution of supplies are contributory factors.
{"title":"Future-oriented technologies and concepts to increase water availability by water reuse and desalination","authors":"J. Drewes","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2020.000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.000","url":null,"abstract":"Printed by BMBF Water in sufcient quantity and quality is fundamental for human health, the sustainable development of regions and an intact environment. However, water is becoming scarce not only in arid areas, but in many regions of the world. The ability to adequately supply households, agriculture and industry with water is becoming an ever greater global challenge. Water demand will drastically increase worldwide in the coming years. Main reasons are population growth, increasing industrial and agricultural activities and the expansion of metropolitan areas. At the same time, the availability of water is already severely limited and is even declining regionally. Contaminated and over-exploited water resources, climate change and the uneven distribution of supplies are contributory factors.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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