Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research最新文献

英文中文

Development of an assessment tool for behavioral and cognitive changes in aging cats 开发一种评估老年猫行为和认知变化的工具

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.11.003

Hsin-Yi Weng , Niwako Ogata

Feline cognitive dysfunction syndrome (FCDS) is characterized by behavioral and cognitive changes in aging cats. Despite neuropathological evidence of age-related brain changes, assessment tools for FCDS remain limited compared to those available for dogs. This study aimed to develop and validate the Elderly Cat Cognitive Assessment Tool (E-CAT), a caregiver-based questionnaire for FCDS. Based on available evidence, 60 behavioral items pertaining to FCDS were complied. Caregivers of 109 cats aged 11 years and older (54 with chronic conditions and 55 healthy) completed the questionnaire. After the content validity and statistical assessments, 26 items were retained in the E-CAT, and grouped into four categories: Orientation, Activity, Social Interaction, and Emotional State. A summary E-CAT score was computed, compared by comorbidity status and age groups, and correlated to other validated instruments, including the Feline Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire and the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Checklist (MiPSC). E-CAT scores were significantly higher in cats with comorbidities (p = 0.003), older cats (p < 0.001), and cats with clinical pain (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between E-CAT score and HRQoL score (Spearman’s rho = − 0.623, p < 0.001), indicating that cats with lower levels of cognitive functions had poorer quality of life. The E-CAT is a promising tool for detecting behavioral and cognitive changes in aging cats. However, to establish diagnostic utility of the E-CAT, larger longitudinal studies and further validation in different populations, including cats with and without confirmed FCDS, are needed.

猫认知功能障碍综合征（FCDS）是一种以老年猫的行为和认知变化为特征的疾病。尽管有与年龄相关的大脑变化的神经病理学证据，但与狗相比，FCDS的评估工具仍然有限。本研究旨在开发和验证老年猫认知评估工具（E-CAT），这是一种基于护理者的FCDS问卷。根据现有证据，编制了60个与FCDS有关的行为项目。109只11岁及以上的猫（54只患有慢性疾病，55只健康）的护理人员完成了问卷调查。经过内容效度和统计评估后，E-CAT保留了26个项目，分为取向、活动、社会互动和情绪状态四个类别。计算总结E-CAT评分，根据合并症状态和年龄组进行比较，并与其他验证工具相关，包括猫健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）问卷和猫肌肉骨骼疼痛筛查清单（MiPSC）。有合并症的猫（p = 0.003）、年龄较大的猫（p < 0.001）和有临床疼痛的猫（p < 0.001）的E-CAT评分明显更高。E-CAT评分与HRQoL评分呈负相关（Spearman’s rho = - 0.623, p < 0.001），表明认知功能水平较低的猫生活质量较差。E-CAT是一种很有前途的工具，用于检测老年猫的行为和认知变化。然而，要建立E-CAT的诊断效用，还需要更大规模的纵向研究，并在不同种群中进一步验证，包括有和没有确诊FCDS的猫。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical castration of male dogs: Owner-reported effects on behavior and health, reasons for chemical castration, and similarities with subsequent surgical castration 雄性狗的化学阉割：主人报告的对行为和健康的影响，化学阉割的原因，以及与随后手术阉割的相似之处

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.11.006

Pascalle E.M. Roulaux, Ineke R. van Herwijnen

Male dogs are often castrated to correct unwanted behavior. As behavioral effects vary and there are few health benefits, reversible chemical castration (CC) may be used prior to surgical castration (SC), to ensure desired effects thereof. We aimed to gain insight on when and why CC is used and how dog owners report on its effects. We used Chi-square tests to analyze online survey data of a convenience sample of 404 dog owners, most of which were (applied) university educated women. The most common reason for CC was testing the influence of SC on behavior. Similar numbers of owners subsequently left their dog intact or opted for SC. The most common reason for leaving intact was negative behavioral effects of CC. Owner-reported effects of CC and SC were completely or largely the same in 81.7% of the cases. Our findings might aid clinical practitioners, and prompt dog owners to opt for CC when they consider castration, to assure themselves that future SC will have the desired effects.

公狗经常被阉割以纠正不受欢迎的行为。由于行为效果各不相同，而且对健康几乎没有好处，可逆化学阉割（CC）可以在手术阉割（SC）之前使用，以确保其预期效果。我们的目的是深入了解何时以及为什么使用CC，以及狗主人如何报告其影响。我们使用卡方检验对404名狗主人的在线调查数据进行分析，其中大多数是（申请）大学学历的女性。CC最常见的原因是测试SC对行为的影响。同样数量的主人随后让他们的狗保持完整或选择SC。最常见的原因是CC的负面行为影响。在81.7%的情况下，主人报告的CC和SC的影响完全或基本相同。我们的研究结果可能会帮助临床医生，并促使狗主人在考虑阉割时选择CC，以确保自己未来的SC会有预期的效果。

引用次数: 0

Gentle stroking induces conditioned place preference in rats: Implications for animal welfare 轻柔抚摸诱导大鼠的条件位置偏好：对动物福利的启示

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.11.004

Takatoshi Nagaishi , Sachi Shiomi

Gentle tactile interaction with humans has been proposed as a form of social enrichment for laboratory animals; however, its direct reinforcing properties remain underexplored. Therefore, this study tested whether brief, gentle stroking can function as a positive reinforcer in adolescent rats. We employed a within-subject conditioned place preference design consisting of two conditioning cycles, each comprising 10 alternating daily sessions, in which, on rewarded days, rats received three 1-min stroking epochs embedded within a 15-min compartment exposure (total stroking time: 3 min/day). The animals experienced alternating sessions of stroking on the experimenter’s palm or a neutral handling procedure. The results indicated that rats showed a reliable increase in preference for the stroking-paired compartment across conditioning, demonstrating that minimal tactile contact was sufficient to induce place conditioning. These findings suggest that structured human–animal tactile interaction can elicit motivated behavior and provide a practical refinement of routine handling protocols in laboratory settings to enhance animal welfare.

与人类温和的触觉互动被认为是实验动物社会丰富的一种形式；然而，其直接增强特性仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究测试了短暂、温柔的抚摸是否能在青春期大鼠中起到积极强化的作用。我们采用受试者内部条件反射位置偏好设计，包括两个条件反射周期，每个周期包括10个交替的每日会话，其中，在奖励日，大鼠接受三个1分钟的抚摸期，嵌入15分钟的隔室暴露（总抚摸时间：3 分钟/天）。这些动物经历了交替抚摸实验者手掌或中性处理程序的过程。结果表明，大鼠在条件反射过程中表现出对抚摸配对隔室的偏好增加，这表明最小的触觉接触足以诱发位置条件反射。这些发现表明，结构化的人与动物的触觉互动可以引发动机行为，并为实验室环境中日常处理协议的改进提供了实用的方法，以提高动物福利。

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引用次数: 0

Why dogs need to learn to love going to the vet 为什么狗狗需要学会喜欢看兽医

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.11.010

Karen L. Overall

引用次数: 0

Editorial Board/Table of Contents 编委会/目录

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1558-7878(25)00116-9

引用次数: 0

The subthalamic nucleus: From comparative neuroscience to the presumptive role in canine cognition, behavior, and behavioral disorders 丘脑底核：从比较神经科学到犬类认知、行为和行为障碍的推定作用

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.11.001

Tila Medenica , Ema Bokulić , Goran Sedmak

The subthalamic nucleus is a small nucleus in the basal ganglia circuitry that participates in its motor, associative, and limbic loops. Until recently, the subthalamic nucleus has been associated solely with the basal ganglia motor circuitry, but the accumulated data from humans and animals revealed the importance of the subthalamic nucleus in associative and limbic functions. The purpose of this review is to gather the available information on cognitive and behavioral roles of the subthalamic nucleus in different species, and to use this information to hypothesize on the possible roles of the subthalamic nucleus in canine cognition and behavior. We describe many studies that show that the subthalamic nucleus has an important function in focused attention, inhibitory control, reward processing, reward-motivated learning, learning, and conflictual decision-making. In the paper, we argue that STN could have a role in many canine behaviors, relevant to humans and human-dog interactions, which rely on these cognitive processes. Furthermore, we provide some evidence for the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in the pathophysiology of several behavioral disorders, such as impulsivity, aggression, and the obsessive - compulsive disorder. As they are shared by humans and dogs, this makes dogs useful natural animal models for these disorders. We argue that there may be a benefit, for both humans and their companions, to further investigate the role of the STN in these behavioral disorders in dogs, as it may help to improve both human and veterinary medicine and welfare.

丘底核是基底神经节回路中的一个小核，参与其运动回路、联合回路和边缘回路。直到最近，人们一直认为丘脑下核只与基底神经节运动回路有关，但从人类和动物身上积累的数据揭示了丘脑下核在联想和边缘功能中的重要性。本文旨在收集不同物种丘脑下核在认知和行为中的作用，并利用这些信息来推测丘脑下核在犬的认知和行为中的可能作用。我们描述了许多研究表明，丘脑下核在集中注意力、抑制控制、奖励处理、奖励动机学习、学习和冲突决策中具有重要功能。在本文中，我们认为STN可能在许多犬类行为中发挥作用，这些行为与人类和人狗互动相关，这些行为依赖于这些认知过程。此外，我们还提供了一些证据，证明丘脑下核参与了一些行为障碍的病理生理，如冲动、攻击和强迫症。由于人类和狗都有这些疾病，这使得狗成为这些疾病的天然动物模型。我们认为，进一步研究STN在狗的这些行为障碍中的作用可能对人类和他们的同伴都有好处，因为它可能有助于改善人类和兽医的医学和福利。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral assessment of dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism using the C-BARQ: Is there improvement after trilostane treatment? 用C-BARQ对自然发生的高皮质醇血症狗的行为进行评估：trilostane治疗后是否有改善？

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.09.008

Laura A. Rial , María Florencia De Gennaro , Omar P. Pignataro , James Serpell , Diego D. Miceli

Neuropsychiatric disorders have been described in people with Cushing’s syndrome (CS), but studies on the effects of hypercortisolism on dog behavior are lacking. The aims of this study were to evaluate the behavioral profile of dogs with CS and to evaluate whether it changes after trilostane treatment. Family-owned dogs with newly diagnosed naturally occurring hypercortisolism were prospectively enrolled between January 2020 and December 2021. The behavior of dogs was evaluated at the time of diagnosis of hypercortisolism (T0) and three months after trilostane treatment (T1) by having their owners complete an online copy of the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ). The responses of 63 dog owners were obtained at T0 and T1. At T0 dogs with CS scored higher in owner-directed aggression (p =0.0003), dog-directed fear (p =0.0257), nonsocial fear (p =0.024), separation-related behavior (p =0.048) and attachment (p <0.0001), and scored lower in chasing (p = 0.0003), compared to a reference population without CS. At T1, they showed a similar profile plus higher touch-sensitivity (p <0.0001) and lower trainability (p =0.0442) and energy scores (p <0.0001). Comparison between T0 and T1 showed decreased attachment (p = 0.0308), excitability (p =0.0116), chasing (p =0.0290) and energy scores (p =0.0002). The results of this study suggest that the behavior of dogs with CS differs from that of a reference population without CS and that these differences persist or worsen over time despite treatment with trilostane and do not correlate strongly with the level of clinical control. Although caution is needed when interpreting the results, this study highlights the importance of considering the behavioral progression in patients with CS alongside their metabolic and clinical course.

神经精神疾病已经在库欣综合征（CS）患者中被描述过，但是关于高皮质醇对狗行为影响的研究还很缺乏。本研究的目的是评估患有CS的狗的行为特征，并评估在trilostane治疗后是否会发生变化。在2020年1月至2021年12月期间，前瞻性地招募了新诊断为自然发生的高皮质醇血症的家庭养狗。在诊断为高皮质醇血症（T0）时和trilostane治疗后3个月（T1）时，通过让其主人完成犬类行为评估和研究问卷（C-BARQ）的在线文本来评估狗的行为。在T0和T1时获得63名狗主人的反应。0岁时，与没有CS的参考人群相比，CS的狗在主人导向攻击（p =0.0003）、狗导向恐惧（p =0.0257）、非社会恐惧（p =0.024）、分离相关行为（p =0.048）和依恋（p <0.0001）方面得分较高，在追逐方面得分较低（p =0.0003）。在T1时，他们表现出相似的特征，加上更高的触摸灵敏度（p <0.0001）和更低的可训练性（p =0.0442）和能量评分（p <0.0001）。T0与T1相比，依恋（p = 0.0308）、兴奋性（p =0.0116）、追逐（p =0.0290）和能量得分（p =0.0002）均有所下降。这项研究的结果表明，患有CS的狗的行为不同于没有CS的参考人群，尽管接受了三洛烷治疗，这些差异仍会持续存在或随着时间的推移而恶化，并且与临床控制水平没有很强的相关性。尽管在解释结果时需要谨慎，但本研究强调了将CS患者的行为进展与代谢和临床过程一并考虑的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation on the oddity concept learning in a cat (Felis catus) 猫怪概念学习的研究

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.09.007

Md. Abu Bokor Siddik , Mst. Yeasmin Akter

In the current study, we examined oddity learning ability in a cat with the concurrent presentation of multiple oddity problems. To this end, one cat, concurrently trained to discriminate an object stimulus (e.g., B) from two identical object stimuli (e.g., AA) in a row succeeded in this problem. After acquisition of the AAB oddity problem in phase 1, AAB and BBA oddity problems were concurrently presented in phase 2. The cat reliably learned these tasks. Subsequently, the number of oddity tasks was gradually increased (e.g., 3 oddity problems in phase 3; 4 oddity problems in phase 4). After completion of training tasks consisting of object stimuli, Transfer Test 1 and Transfer Test 2 were conducted using the novel object stimuli. The findings showed that the cat could reliably transfer training experiences of object stimuli to the novel object stimuli in the transfer test, suggesting that he could form oddity concept learning. These findings have been explained in light of some factors influencing the discriminative performances of the cat.

在当前的研究中，我们研究了同时出现多个奇怪问题的猫的奇怪学习能力。为了达到这个目的，一只猫被同时训练来区分一个物体刺激（例如，B）和两个相同的物体刺激（例如，AA），成功地解决了这个问题。在第1阶段获得AAB奇数问题后，在第2阶段同时提出AAB和BBA奇数问题。猫可靠地学会了这些任务。随后，古怪任务的数量逐渐增加（例如，第三阶段有3个古怪问题，第四阶段有4个古怪问题）。在完成由目标刺激组成的训练任务后，使用新目标刺激进行迁移测试1和迁移测试2。研究结果表明，在转移测试中，猫能够可靠地将物体刺激的训练经验转移到新的物体刺激上，表明猫能够形成奇概念学习。这些发现已经解释了影响猫的辨别性能的一些因素。

引用次数: 0

Case report: Treatment of fear-based aggression and separation related-disorder in a dog using escitalopram, desipramine, and orotransmucosal dexmedetomidine 病例报告：使用艾司西酞普兰、地西帕明和经粘膜右美托咪定治疗狗的恐惧性攻击和分离相关障碍

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.09.004

Kevin Pflaum , Julia Albright

A 1 year-old female spayed Chihuahua Mix was presented for aggression and separation related distress. Physical examination and blood work did not reveal any concerns, and the patient was diagnosed with fear-based aggression towards unfamiliar people, fear and possessive aggression towards its housemate dog and cat, and separation related-disorder. The patient was prescribed a complete behavioral treatment plan including behavior modification, environmental management, and medications. Throughout the course of multiple rechecks over nearly 3 years the medication protocol evolved and stabilized as a combination of escitalopram at 2.5 mg (∼0.5 mg/kg) per os (po) q. 12 h, desipramine at 25 mg (∼5 mg/kg) po q. 24 h, and dexmedetomidine (SileoⓇ) at 3 dots (∼0.014 mg/kg) oral transmucosal (OTM) for as-needed stressful events. The owner reports the patient is well controlled on the current combination therapy. This case highlights the complexities of medication management and the potential utility of escitalopram and desipramine for treatment of anxiety and aggression disorders in dogs which merits future research.

一名1岁的雌性绝育吉娃娃混血被提出攻击和分离相关的痛苦。体检和血液检查未发现任何担忧，患者被诊断为对不熟悉的人的恐惧性攻击，对其室友狗和猫的恐惧和占有性攻击，以及分离相关障碍。为患者制定了完整的行为治疗计划，包括行为矫正、环境管理和药物治疗。在近3年的多次复查过程中，用药方案不断发展并稳定为艾司西酞普兰2.5 mg (~ 0.5 mg/kg) / s (po) q. 12 h，地西帕明25 mg (~ 5 mg/kg) / q. 24 h，右美托咪定（SileoⓇ）3 dots （~ 0.014 mg/kg）口服经膜（OTM）治疗所需的压力事件。业主报告说，病人在目前的联合治疗下控制得很好。这个案例强调了药物管理的复杂性，以及艾司西酞普兰和地西帕明在治疗狗的焦虑和攻击障碍方面的潜在效用，值得未来的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Attachment theory applied to the human-dog relationship 依恋理论应用于人与狗的关系

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.09.005

Maria Cecília de Souza , Gabriel Quaresma Bastos , Rosana Suemi Tokumaru

This work analyzes Attachment Theory from its development by John Bowlby, tracing its historical evolution and ethological foundations to its application in the study of human–dog relationships. This paper discusses the different types of attachment between dogs and humans in the context of emotional regulation and separation-related behaviors. Methodological challenges and limitations in adapting this theory to interspecific contexts are critically examined, including the scarcity of validated tools and the need for species-appropriate assessment strategies. Finally, the text highlights the potential of this theoretical framework to deepen our understanding of canine separation anxiety and guide future research that promotes animal welfare and more balanced multispecies relationships.

本文从John Bowlby对依恋理论的发展入手，追溯其历史演变、行为学基础及其在人犬关系研究中的应用。本文在情绪调节和分离相关行为的背景下讨论了狗与人之间不同类型的依恋。将这一理论应用于种间环境的方法挑战和局限性受到了严格的审查，包括有效工具的缺乏和对适合物种的评估策略的需要。最后，本文强调了这一理论框架的潜力，以加深我们对犬类分离焦虑的理解，并指导未来促进动物福利和更平衡的多物种关系的研究。

引用次数: 0

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