Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research最新文献_第9页

Obstacles to commonly used behavior assessment methodology – Insights from a research study 常用行为评估方法的障碍-来自一项研究的见解

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.02.007

Sally Nixon , Norman Blackman , Kersti Seksel , Jacqueline Ley , Dennis Wormald

Veterinary care for dogs can be delayed due to owner concerns that their dog will have a bad experience when visiting a veterinary hospital. Fear and anxiety are the most common causes for dogs to exhibit fear and anxiety behaviors, such as avoidance of examination or aggression. A placebo-controlled study was developed to test the efficacy of the calming nutraceutical Zylkene® (α-casozepine) against placebo. A study was designed but only small participant numbers were recruited, so a preliminary investigation was carried out using the study design. For measuring fear and anxiety, a 6-point qualitative behavior scale was developed, which was supported by behavioral descriptors. The behaviors of the small sample of individuals from the preliminary assessment were analyzed for the initial development of the study’s behavior scale, and the reliability of the scale was then tested. With four raters of different levels of expertise using the scale, interrater reliability of the scale was fair to moderate, indicating that refinement of the scale was needed. Better definitions and descriptors are required for clarity and therefore reliability between observers. These findings support existing work suggesting that qualitative scales with behavioral descriptors can lack reliability for identifying animals with mild to moderate fear and anxiety. Qualitative scales that do not clearly and precisely define the behavioral parameters for each emotional score could indicate that different human raters are reliable across their individual assumptions but may not be valid indicators of the animal’s experience. Our findings highlighted the potential risks of using qualitative scales for measuring fear and anxiety in dogs, as well as the need for further investigation into recruitment strategies so that larger sample sizes can be enrolled into animal behavior studies.

狗的兽医护理可能会被推迟，因为主人担心他们的狗在去兽医医院时会有不好的经历。恐惧和焦虑是狗表现出恐惧和焦虑行为的最常见原因，例如逃避检查或攻击。我们进行了一项安慰剂对照研究，以测试镇静营养品Zylkene®（α-casozepine）对安慰剂的疗效。设计了一项研究，但只招募了少量参与者，因此使用该研究设计进行了初步调查。为了测量恐惧和焦虑，我们开发了一个6分制的定性行为量表，该量表由行为描述符支持。对初步评估的小样本个体的行为进行分析，初步编制本研究的行为量表，并对量表的信度进行检验。采用不同专业水平的四名评价者使用量表，评价者之间的信度为中等至中等，表明需要对量表进行改进。需要更好的定义和描述符，以确保观察者之间的清晰度和可靠性。这些发现支持了现有的研究，即带有行为描述符的定性量表在识别轻度至中度恐惧和焦虑的动物时缺乏可靠性。定性量表没有清晰准确地定义每个情绪得分的行为参数，这可能表明不同的人类评分者在他们的个人假设中是可靠的，但可能不是动物经验的有效指标。我们的研究结果强调了使用定性量表来测量狗的恐惧和焦虑的潜在风险，以及对招募策略进行进一步调查的必要性，以便将更大的样本量纳入动物行为研究。

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引用次数: 0

Slow-feeding dispensers for horses: Who, how and why? 马的慢速喂食器：谁，怎么做，为什么？

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.006

M. Roig-Pons , I. Bachmann , S. Briefer Freymond

Slow-feeders are feed dispensers designed to mechanically slow feed intake. As such, they are a promising tool for improving the welfare of horses by meeting their behavioural and physiological feeding needs while controlling the risk of obesity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the current use of slow-feeders by horse owners and the profile of horses using such feeders. The objective of this questionnaire-based study was to evaluate the slow-feeding practices among horse owners and yard operators in some French-speaking European countries (Belgium, France and Switzerland). We received 1,283 replies, revealing that the population of horses fed with slow-feeders differs from the general population of ridden horses in several aspects, such as age, training, and housing. This information is valuable for ensuring representative sampling in future studies. Regarding the type of slow-feeder used, more than 85% of the respondents reported using hay nets, with hay nets covering the hay in the hayrack or surrounding a bale of hay being particularly popular. The main reasons for using slow-feeders were waste management, weight reduction, and increased feeding time for horses. Most respondents did not encounter any issues when using slow-feeders and less than 10% of respondents reported health problems and accidents resulting from the use of slow-feeder. Differences were also found between countries and between operators and owners, indicating that different user profiles have varying requirements for the feeder they use.

慢速喂食器是一种饲料分配器，旨在通过机械方式减缓饲料摄入量。因此，慢速喂食器在控制肥胖风险的同时，还能满足马匹的行为和生理喂食需求，是一种很有前景的改善马匹福利的工具。然而，人们对马主目前使用慢速喂食器的情况以及使用这种喂食器的马匹概况了解有限。这项基于问卷的研究旨在评估欧洲法语国家（比利时、法国和瑞士）马主和马场经营者的慢速喂食做法。我们收到了 1,283 份答复，结果显示，使用慢速喂食器喂养的马匹在年龄、训练和饲养等几个方面与一般的骑乘马匹有所不同。这些信息对于确保未来研究中的代表性取样很有价值。关于所使用的慢速喂食器类型，85% 以上的受访者表示使用干草网，其中干草网覆盖在草架上的干草或围绕在一捆干草周围的干草尤其受欢迎。使用慢速饲喂器的主要原因是废物管理、减轻体重和增加马匹的进食时间。大多数受访者在使用慢速饲喂器时没有遇到任何问题，只有不到 10%的受访者报告了因使用慢速饲喂器而导致的健康问题和事故。不同国家之间以及操作员和马主之间也存在差异，这表明不同的用户对其使用的饲喂器有不同的要求。

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引用次数: 0

Perceptions, behaviours, and practices of dog owners for giving treats: A cross sectional investigation 感知，行为，和狗主人的做法给予对待：横断面调查

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.007

Leila Tabrizian , Mahdi Pourmahdi Borujeni , Reza Avizeh , Mohammad Reza Zalaki Ghorbanipour , Majid Zakerian , Ali Karamian , Reza Azargoun

Steady worldwide growth in commercial treats production and sale shows the importance of pets, such as dogs, in human life and the great attention of owners to the health of their pets. The owners buy such goods not only for their nutritional value but also to strengthen their bond and interest with pets. Regarding the importance of treats in pet dogs’ health, and on the other hand, its relationship with some diseases such as obesity, the frequency of treat consumption and related factors were evaluated for the first time in Iran in this cross-sectional study. To that end, data were randomly collected from 659 dog owners in 7 cities of Iran, including Ahvaz, Tehran, Karaj, Sari, Mashhad, Kermanshah, and Urmia, using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS software version 22, and the relationship between treat consumption and independent variables was determined using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The relative frequency percentage of information about treats and the frequency of treat consumption were 92% and 88%, respectively. Treat consumption in multivariate logistic regression also had a significant relationship with the dog owner's education (P≤0.05), breed (P≤0.001), lengths of dog ownership (P≤0.05), dog’s weight control (P≤0.01), and the dog’s BCS (P≤0.01). Although knowledge of the treat’s components, such as protein, fat, and sugar, was acceptable to dog owners, there was little knowledge of the possibility of microbial and fungal contamination in the treats. Nearly half of the owners were unaware of the relationship between treats and diseases, especially obesity, digestive, and endocrine problems in dogs; this case highlights the importance of veterinarians as a reliable source of information for dog owners in Iran. It is clear that increasing the owner's knowledge about treats has led to a change in attitude and practice, and accordingly, can affect the dog's health and the owner’s comfort.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

世界范围内商业食品生产和销售的稳步增长表明了宠物（如狗）在人类生活中的重要性，以及主人对宠物健康的高度关注。主人购买这些食物不仅是为了它们的营养价值，也是为了加强他们与宠物的联系和兴趣。另一方面，在横断面研究中，我们首次评估了治疗对宠物狗健康的重要性，以及它与某些疾病（如肥胖）的关系，以及伊朗治疗消费频率和相关因素。为此，采用问卷调查的方式，随机收集了伊朗阿瓦士、德黑兰、卡拉吉、萨里、马什哈德、克尔曼沙阿和乌尔米娅等7个城市的659名养狗者的数据。采用SPSS软件22版对数据进行统计分析，采用卡方检验和logistic回归确定治疗消费量与自变量的关系。治疗信息的相对频率百分比和治疗消费频率分别为92%和88%。多因素logistic回归分析显示，治疗品消费与犬主文化程度（P≤0.05）、犬种（P≤0.001）、犬龄（P≤0.05）、犬体重控制（P≤0.01）、犬BCS （P≤0.01）均有显著相关。虽然狗主人对狗粮的成分（如蛋白质、脂肪和糖）的了解是可以接受的，但他们对狗粮中微生物和真菌污染的可能性知之甚少。近一半的主人不知道治疗和疾病之间的关系，尤其是狗的肥胖、消化和内分泌问题；这个案例突出了兽医作为伊朗狗主人可靠信息来源的重要性。很明显，增加主人对食物的知识导致了态度和行为的改变，因此，可以影响狗的健康和主人的舒适度。数据可得性支持本研究结果的数据可根据通讯作者的合理要求获得。

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引用次数: 0

Anxiety and aggressive behavior as initial presentation of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in an Australian Shepherd dog: A case report 焦虑和攻击行为是澳大利亚牧羊犬神经性神经性脂褐质病的最初表现：一例报告

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.001

Greta V. Berteselli , Simona Cannas , Francesca Cozzi

A 16-month-old, 20-kg intact female Australian shepherd dog was presented to a behavioral consultation for anxiety and aggression-related disorders. Physical examination and blood tests showed no health problems. A tailored behavioral and pharmacological treatment plan was initiated, which included clomipramine and behavioral modifications. However, after three weeks of treatment, the dog's clinical condition worsened, with increased anxiety, reluctance to move, and the emergence of oral ritualized, repetitive behaviors. This prompted a neurological examination, which revealed that the dog was lethargic, difficult to approach, disoriented, and blind. Based on these findings, a neurodegenerative disorder was suspected. Genetic testing subsequently confirmed a diagnosis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 6 (NCL6), a hereditary storage disorder known to occur in this breed. NCL6 is a storage disease comprised in a group of inherited, progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigments in neurons and other cell types, including those in the retina. After few weeks the diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to the rapid progression of the disease. Behavioral changes such as anxiety and aggression, particularly when followed by the onset of prosencephalic neurological signs, should prompt a neurological evaluation and, when available, genetic testing.

一只16个月大，体重20公斤的完整雌性澳大利亚牧羊犬被提交给焦虑和攻击相关障碍的行为咨询。身体检查和血液检查显示没有健康问题。一个量身定制的行为和药物治疗计划被启动，其中包括氯丙咪嗪和行为改变。然而，经过三周的治疗，狗的临床状况恶化，焦虑增加，不愿移动，出现口腔仪式化，重复性行为。这促使了神经系统检查，结果显示狗昏昏欲睡，难以接近，迷失方向，失明。根据这些发现，怀疑是神经退行性疾病。随后的基因检测证实了神经性ceroid脂褐质病6 （NCL6）的诊断，这是一种已知发生在该品种的遗传性储存疾病。NCL6是一种蓄积性疾病，由一组遗传性进行性神经退行性疾病组成，其特征是神经元和其他细胞类型（包括视网膜中的细胞）中自身荧光类神经脂色素的积累。确诊几周后，由于病情进展迅速，这只狗被安乐死。行为改变，如焦虑和攻击性，特别是在出现前脑神经学症状后，应进行神经学评估，并在可能的情况下进行基因检测。

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引用次数: 0

Caregiver perspectives on the value of dogs and their effects on children in private and public spaces 看护者对狗的价值及其在私人和公共场所对儿童的影响的看法

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.002

Natasha Duncan-Sutherland , Mareta Hunt , Michael Shepherd , Bridget Kool

We explored the views of caregivers regarding the value of dogs and the effects of caregiver views on children in private and public spaces in New Zealand.

This was an observational study utilizing a national anonymized online survey and focus groups in Auckland and Kaikohe to explore caregiver perceptions of the value of dogs within whānau (families) or the community, experiences of dog-related harm in the context of children, and the perceived importance of education as a prevention strategy. Quantitative and qualitative data were sought, using a general inductive approach.

256 caregivers responded to the online survey, and 12 caregivers participated in focus groups. Dogs were highly valued by Māori and non-Māori, predominantly as part of family. 233 dog-related incidents were described, occurring in both public and private settings, with both bite and non-bite harm from being charged at, knocked over, jumped on or attacked, as often significantly intimidating or traumatic experiences for children and their caregivers. Key themes were the emotional effect of an attack, the perception that children could avoid harm through education, blame placed on children, minimization of the trauma a dog can cause, and owner underestimation of risk.

This study revealed a broader picture of how children are physically and emotionally affected by dogs in both private and public spaces, indicating the need for proactive approaches in both. Dogs may become activated to attack due to their nature and unpredictable tendencies in response to children’s natural movements, and future strategies may need to include a focus on owner-perception of risk to children in addition to creating child-safe environments and addressing systemic issues, rather than relying on child or dog behavior to prevent harm. The finding of high value people have for dogs is important to understand as this may be a barrier to implementation of evidence-based strategies.

我们探讨了看护者对狗的价值的看法，以及看护者对新西兰私人和公共空间儿童的看法的影响。这是一项观察性研究，利用全国匿名在线调查和奥克兰和凯科赫的焦点小组，探索whānau（家庭）或社区中看护者对狗的价值的看法，在儿童背景下与狗有关的伤害的经历，以及教育作为预防策略的重要性。采用一般归纳方法，寻求定量和定性数据。256名护理人员回应了在线调查，12名护理人员参加了焦点小组。Māori和non-Māori非常重视狗，主要是作为家庭的一部分。研究人员描述了233起与狗有关的事件，这些事件发生在公共和私人环境中，无论是被咬伤还是被咬伤，比如被撞、被撞倒、被扑上或被攻击，这些都是对儿童和他们的照顾者造成严重威胁或创伤的经历。主要的主题是攻击的情绪影响，儿童可以通过教育避免伤害的观念，对儿童的指责，最小化狗可能造成的创伤，以及主人对风险的低估。这项研究揭示了儿童在私人和公共场所如何受到狗的身体和情感影响的更广泛的情况，表明在这两方面都需要采取积极主动的方法。由于狗的天性和对儿童自然运动的不可预测的倾向，狗可能会被激活攻击，未来的策略可能需要包括关注主人对儿童风险的感知，除了创造儿童安全的环境和解决系统性问题，而不是依靠儿童或狗的行为来防止伤害。人们对狗的高价值的发现很重要，因为这可能是实施循证策略的障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral changes as a presentation of Lafora disease in a beagle 小猎犬拉福拉病表现为行为改变

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.004

Terezia Balusikova , Luis Mate de Haro , Beatriz Moreno Aguado , Nadia Shihab

This case report describes the behavioral presentation of Lafora disease (LD), an inherited, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, in a middle-aged female beagle. The initial presentation, progression, diagnostics, and disease management challenges are described. The initial fears relayed by the caregiver pertained to the behavioral changes and cognitive impairment, eclipsing any concern relating to the clinical hallmark of LD, the myoclonic seizure. Lafora disease should, therefore, be considered a potential differential diagnosis in patients with sudden behavioral changes such as phobic and fearful behaviors, anxious behaviors, hallucinations, photosensitivity, and noise sensitivity, especially in overrepresented breeds. This report highlights the potential for variation in the clinical manifestation of this neurodegenerative disorder and emphasises the need for an interdisciplinary approach throughout the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring process.

本病例报告描述了Lafora病（LD）的行为表现，这是一种遗传性进行性肌阵挛性癫痫，发生在一只中年雌性小猎犬身上。描述了最初的表现，进展，诊断和疾病管理挑战。最初的恐惧是由照顾者传达的，与行为改变和认知障碍有关，掩盖了任何与LD临床特征有关的担忧，即肌阵挛性发作。因此，拉福拉病应被视为突然行为改变患者的潜在鉴别诊断，如恐惧和恐惧行为、焦虑行为、幻觉、光敏性和噪音敏感性，特别是在代表性过高的品种中。本报告强调了这种神经退行性疾病的临床表现变化的可能性，并强调了在整个诊断、治疗和监测过程中采用跨学科方法的必要性。

引用次数: 0

Measuring commitment in paws: Adaptation of the Investment Model Scale to the context of companion animals with a Portuguese sample 测量爪子的承诺：投资模型量表对伴侣动物背景的适应与葡萄牙样本

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.01.008

Tiago Rôxo Aguiar , Diniz Lopes , David L. Rodrigues

Commitment has a crucial role in predicting intentions and behaviors toward relationship maintenance. The Investment Model Scale (IMS; Rusbult et al., 1998) offers an empirically supported framework to describe and quantify commitment in various contexts, particularly romantic relationships. Only a few studies have attempted to extend this theoretical framework to examine human and companion animals (H-CA) relationships and measurement instruments lack psychometric evidence. We adapted the IMS to H-CA relationships based on previous studies and discussions with various experts (Study 1a), to help us clarify some items and develop new ones. We then performed Exploratory (Study 1b, N = 248) and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (Study 2, N = 236), to assess the scale’s psychometric capabilities in this new context. During study 2, we also investigated scale sensitivity and criterion-based validity. Exploratory factor analyses showed that variables assessed by the IMS are transferable to the H-CA context. The same structure was found in the Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Results showed this new version of the IMS is psychometrically sound to be used by researchers and professionals, with the added precaution that the “Quality of Alternatives” dimension does not translate completely to this new H-CA environment and warrants further study.

承诺在预测维持关系的意图和行为方面起着至关重要的作用。投资模型量表；Rusbult et al., 1998)提供了一个经验支持的框架来描述和量化各种情况下的承诺，特别是浪漫关系。只有少数研究试图扩展这一理论框架，以检查人类和伴侣动物（H-CA）的关系和测量工具缺乏心理测量证据。我们根据以前的研究和与各种专家的讨论（研究1a）调整了IMS以适应H-CA关系，以帮助我们澄清一些项目并开发新的项目。然后，我们进行了探索性（研究1b， N = 248）和验证性因素分析（研究2，N = 236），以评估量表在这种新背景下的心理测量能力。在研究2中，我们还研究了量表敏感性和基于标准的效度。探索性因子分析表明，IMS评估的变量可转移到H-CA环境中。在验证性因子分析中发现了相同的结构。结果表明，新版本的IMS在心理测量学上是合理的，可供研究人员和专业人员使用，同时增加了预防措施，即“选择的质量”维度不能完全转化为新的H-CA环境，需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of classical counterconditioning (Quiet Kennel Exercise) on barking in sheltered dogs 经典反条件作用（安静的犬舍运动）对庇护犬吠叫的影响

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2024.09.004

Jamirelis Carrero Carrero, Sara L. Bennett

A major welfare concern in animal shelters is excessive barking from kenneled dogs. This contributes to noise pollution, can cause hearing damage in both dogs and humans, and has a negative effect on all animals housed within earshot. Excessive barking is often driven by fear and frustration, negative emotional states often difficult to alter in the shelter setting. This study demonstrated implementation of a simple classical counterconditioning measure, the Quiet Kennel Exercise (QKE) in adoption wards at an open admission shelter improved the emotional state of dogs, reduced fear, frustration and excessive barking. Baseline data were collected over two weeks using a hand-held decibel meter to measure the volume of barking in each ward three times daily. Mounted cameras were used to document the number of people passing through each ward each day. Data were collected for 18 days of intervention over four weeks. During this time, signs were placed to encourage people to toss treats to each dog, and treats were provided in buckets. Decibel levels were measured three times daily and the numbers of people who did and did not toss treats were recorded to measure compliance. There was an increase in compliance and a decrease in maximum decibel readings over the course of the intervention. For each one percent increase in compliance, there was an average decrease of 17.3 dB in the maximum volume in decibels. Therefore, increasing participation in the QKE can significantly decrease barking volume. This easily implemented intervention has the potential to decrease noise levels and improve welfare for both humans and dogs in kennel settings.

动物收容所的一个主要福利问题是关在狗窝里的狗过度吠叫。这会造成噪音污染，对狗和人造成听力损伤，并对所有能听到的动物产生负面影响。过度吠叫通常是由恐惧和沮丧驱动的，在收容所的环境中，消极的情绪状态通常很难改变。本研究展示了一个简单的经典对抗措施的实施，安静的狗窝练习（QKE）在一个开放收容的收养病房改善了狗的情绪状态，减少了恐惧，沮丧和过度吠叫。基线数据在两周内收集，使用手持式分贝计测量每个病房每天三次的吠叫量。安装的摄像机用来记录每天通过每个病房的人数。在四周的干预中收集了18天的数据。在这段时间里，人们放置了一些标志，鼓励人们给每只狗扔食物，并在桶里提供食物。每天测量三次分贝水平，并记录扔掉和不扔掉零食的人数，以衡量依从性。在干预过程中，依从性增加，最大分贝读数下降。依从性每增加1%，最大音量（分贝）平均降低17.3 dB。因此，增加QKE的参与可以显著降低吠叫量。这种容易实施的干预措施有可能降低噪音水平，改善狗和人的福利。

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引用次数: 0

Dogs can detect powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves 狗可以在葡萄藤叶子上发现白粉病（Erysiphe necator）

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2024.12.001

Edgar O. Aviles-Rosa , Emily Webberson , Mizuho Nita , Sally Dickinson , Erica Feuerbacher , Nathaniel J. Hall

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator, PM) is a fungus that affects grapes (Vitis spp.) worldwide. Despite its negative impact on vineyard production and economics, there is no fast and economic way to detect it at scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate dogs’ capability to detect grape leaves infected with PM. Three pet dogs were trained to perform a detection task using a three-alternative automated olfactometer. In Experiment 1, dogs were trained to alert to the headspace of a vial containing a PM positive leaf (with visible signs of infection in more than 50% of leaf surface area) and discriminate it between control leaves (e.g., healthy) and leaves inoculated with other fungi. Dogs learned the discrimination task and reached sensitivity and specificity values of 0.96 ± 0.01 (SE). In Experiment 2, we tested dogs’ response rate to the filtered (10µm) headspace, a gauze exposed to the headspace of a PM positive leaf for 24 h, and to a control leaf after 1 and 24 h post PM inoculation. Response rate to the filtered headspace and to the inoculated gauze were not statistically different from the response rate to the PM positive leaf (0.96 ± 0.04 SE). The average response rate to leaves right after inoculation and 24 h post inoculation was 0.58 ± 0.10 (SE). Although when averaged across dogs this was above chance, it indicates that longer than 24 h post inoculation is needed for proficient detection. Experiment 2 results also suggest dogs were detecting PM specific VOCs that were captured by the gauze and passed through the 10 µm filter, and not to the presence of airborne spores. In Experiment 3, we tested dogs’ ability to discriminate between PM (Erysiphe necator) and a fungus of the same genus (Erysiphe lagerstroemiae). Our results show that dogs did not spontaneously discriminate between these two fungi, even though they were tested on different hosts. This suggests that these two fungi are perceptually similar to dogs. Our results show that dogs are proficient in detecting and discriminating leaves with PM. Future studies are needed to evaluate their use as PM biosensors in vineyards.

白粉病（Erysiphe necator， PM）是一种影响全球葡萄（葡萄属）的真菌。尽管它对葡萄园生产和经济有负面影响，但没有快速经济的方法来大规模检测它。本研究的目的是评估狗检测葡萄叶片感染PM的能力。三只宠物狗接受训练，使用三种可选的自动嗅觉仪执行探测任务。在实验1中，狗被训练对含有PM阳性叶子（超过50%的叶子表面有明显的感染迹象）的小瓶的顶部空间保持警惕，并将其区分为对照叶子（例如健康的）和接种了其他真菌的叶子。狗完成了辨别任务，灵敏度和特异度均达到0.96±0.01 （SE）。在实验2中，我们测试了狗对过滤后（10µm）的顶空、暴露在PM阳性叶片顶空24 h的纱布以及接种PM后1和24 h的对照叶片的反应率。对过滤顶空和接种纱布的反应率与PM阳性叶片的反应率无统计学差异（0.96±0.04 SE）。接种后和接种24 h对叶片的平均响应率为0.58±0.10 （SE）。虽然当狗的平均值高于概率时，这表明接种后需要超过24 h才能熟练检测。实验2的结果还表明，狗能检测到被纱布捕获并通过10µm过滤器的PM特异性VOCs，而不是空气中孢子的存在。在实验3中，我们测试了狗区分PM （Erysiphe necator）和同一属真菌（Erysiphe lagerstroemiae）的能力。我们的研究结果表明，即使在不同的宿主上进行测试，狗也不会自发地区分这两种真菌。这表明这两种真菌在感知上与狗相似。我们的研究结果表明，狗能够熟练地检测和区分含有PM的叶子。未来的研究需要评估它们作为PM生物传感器在葡萄园中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Using science to measure and humanely and kindly change behavior to decrease distress 用科学的方法来衡量，人道地、友善地改变行为，以减少痛苦

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Behavior-clinical Applications and Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2025.02.002

Karen L. Overall

引用次数: 0