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Just Keep Swimming, Sara 继续游,莎拉
Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1652783
Michelle Adler
I listened to my radio on the way to the observation, music up, windows down, enjoying the warmth of an early spring day. I was headed to the elementary school that serves deaf and hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) students, along with over 500 typical learners. Tucked into this school was a student-teacher of mine, a student teacher who grew up in this district and received services at this school, because she is profoundly deaf. Now she wanted to be a teacher, and it was my job to see if she was making adequate progress. I pulled into the parking lot and paused for a moment to regroup. Sara had been in our elementary education/early childhood unified program for several semesters. She was provided an interpreter in our classes, and we learned to work with Sara and her interpreter. While reserved and quiet, Sara participated, asked questions, and utilized various forms of communication to make sure she did well both in class and out of class. Sara dreamt of teaching students like herself, but needed an undergraduate degree in Early Childhood Unified (ECU) to pursue the requisite masters in deaf education she’d eventually need. This meant she would have to teach hearing students to fulfill her requirements for her ECU degree. She was committed to finding success in the program, andwewere committed to helping her. But it was her time out in the field that had us most worried. Three semester of intermittent field experiences are required prior to the semester of student teaching. Sara had to learn to work with and teach hearing students to fulfill the degree requirements. So along with her interpreter, Sara had spent time in various classes, working with small groups and whole groups, teaching math, reading, social studies, science, and reading. I had watched Sara a year ago as she cautiously approached the third graders, who are used to having switched to D/HoH classmates and interpreters, but not a D/HoH teacher. They learned together, and the students adjusted to asking the interpreter the question, the interpreter quickly signing it to Sara, Sara quickly signing her response, and the students waiting to hear what the interpreter had to say. Lots of pointing and gesturing followed. They all fell into a routine and rhythm, and the students enjoyed her. But whole group lessons were hard because Sara couldn’t always tell what was going on all over the room, and there were delays as questions and answers required an extra step with the
在去观景台的路上,我听着收音机,打开音乐,放下窗户,享受着早春的温暖。我去了一所招收聋哑和听力障碍学生的小学,和500多名典型的学习者一起。这所学校里有我的一位学生教师,她在这个地区长大,在这所学校接受服务,因为她有严重的失聪。现在她想成为一名教师,我的工作就是看看她是否取得了足够的进步。我把车开进停车场,停了一会儿重新整理一下。萨拉在我们的小学教育/幼儿联合项目上了好几个学期。她在我们的课堂上有一名翻译,我们学会了与萨拉和她的翻译一起工作。虽然萨拉沉默寡言,但她积极参与,提出问题,并利用各种形式的交流来确保她在课堂上和课外都表现良好。萨拉梦想着能教像她一样的学生,但她需要在幼儿联合学校(Early Childhood Unified,简称ECU)获得本科学位,才能攻读她最终需要的聋人教育硕士学位。这意味着她将不得不教听力正常的学生,以满足她获得欧洲经济大学学位的要求。她决心在这个项目中取得成功,我们也决心帮助她。但最让我们担心的是她离开外勤的那段时间。在学生教学之前,需要三个学期的间歇实地经验。萨拉必须学会与听力正常的学生一起工作,并教他们如何达到学位要求。因此,萨拉和她的翻译一起,花时间在不同的班级上,与小组和整个小组合作,教授数学、阅读、社会研究、科学和阅读。一年前,当萨拉小心翼翼地接近三年级学生时,我曾观察过她。三年级学生已经习惯了用D/HoH表示的同学和口译员,而不是用D/HoH表示的老师。他们一起学习,学生们适应了向口译员提问,口译员迅速把问题签给萨拉,萨拉迅速签署她的回答,学生们等着听口译员要说什么。随之而来的是大量的指指点点和手势。他们都进入了一个常规和节奏,学生们喜欢她。但是整个小组的课程很难,因为萨拉并不总是知道房间里发生了什么,而且由于问题和答案需要额外的步骤,所以会有延迟
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Teacher Reflectivity in Contemporary Times: A (Re)Review of the Literature 理解当代教师反思性:文献回顾(再
Pub Date : 2019-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1631923
J. Rigney, Tara Ferland, N. Dana
ABSTRACT The Association of Teacher Educators Reflectivity Commission was established in 2004. This literature review updates the Commission’s work by examining 24 empirical research articles published in the Association’s national journals, The New Educator and Action in Teacher Education, since the commission’s inception. We report three contemporary trends regarding the incorporation of reflectivity in teacher education: (1) the use of diverse frameworks for reflectivity, (2) innovative pedagogical tools for reflectivity, and (3) culturally responsive reflective practices. This article defines, summarizes, and discusses each trend. We also discuss potential avenues for future work in studying and facilitating reflection.
美国教师教育工作者协会反射率委员会成立于2004年。本文献综述通过检查自委员会成立以来发表在协会全国性期刊《新教育家》和《教师教育行动》上的24篇实证研究文章,更新了委员会的工作。我们报告了将反思性纳入教师教育的三个当代趋势:(1)使用不同的反思性框架,(2)创新的反思性教学工具,以及(3)文化响应性反思性实践。本文定义、总结并讨论了每种趋势。我们还讨论了在研究和促进反思方面未来工作的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 2
Collaborating for Coherence around Social Justice: Leveraging Accreditation to Conceptually Transform from a Diversity Requirement to a Social Justice Orientation 围绕社会正义进行协作以实现一致性:利用认证在概念上从多样性要求转变为社会正义取向
Pub Date : 2019-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1622056
A. Ford, Kevin Cunningham, Joellen Lewsader, Andrea D. Jasper, J. Heroux, Jennifer Wirz-Palacios Klemm
ABSTRACT In this article, we describe teacher educators’ collaboration for coherence around social justice teacher education in preparation for a national accreditation review. Specifically, we illuminate how we cultivated an inquiry stance and critical conversations to build a safe and trusting community, generate locally meaningful values, and reconceptualize diversity in terms of social justice. By depicting our collaborative process in clarifying a detail, we make visible how we developed social justice-oriented vision, mission, and commitment statements and a conceptual framework to transform our traditional university-based undergraduate program. Aiming to inform other programs striving for coherence for social justice, we offer insights for supporting collaboration, considering the local community and political context, and leveraging accreditation.
在本文中,我们描述了教师教育工作者围绕社会正义教师教育的一致性合作,为国家认证审查做准备。具体来说,我们阐明了我们如何培养探究立场和批判性对话,以建立一个安全和信任的社区,产生当地有意义的价值观,并在社会正义方面重新定义多样性。通过描述我们的合作过程,澄清细节,我们可以看到我们是如何发展以社会正义为导向的愿景,使命和承诺声明,以及一个概念框架来改变我们传统的以大学为基础的本科课程。我们提供支持合作、考虑当地社区和政治背景以及利用认证的见解,旨在为其他争取社会正义一致性的项目提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers and Teacher Educators Researching Their Practice: A Dually-Purposed Self-Study 教师与教师教育工作者的实践研究:双重目的的自学
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1631922
M. Hamilton
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on a teacher educator’s professional learning gained while facilitating teacher research with teachers in Ireland. The teachers were engaged in a teaching portfolio development process, while the teacher educator conducted a concurrent self-study. Qualitative data was gathered and analysed from the teacher interviews, the teacher educator’s reflective journaling and critical friend feedback to generate themes related to both teacher educator and teacher learning. New contextualized knowledge about teaching and learning and insights into facilitation skills in collaborative research design emerged as key findings, and this paper illustrates how self-study enables significant learning opportunities for teacher educators willing to co-position themselves as researcher and researched.
摘要:本文关注的是一名教师教育工作者在促进爱尔兰教师研究的同时所获得的专业学习。教师参与了教学档案的开发过程,而教师教育者则进行了同步的自学。从教师访谈、教师教育的反思日志和批判性朋友反馈中收集和分析定性数据,以生成与教师教育和教师学习相关的主题。关于教学和学习的新语境知识以及对协作研究设计中促进技能的见解成为主要发现,本文说明了自学如何为愿意将自己共同定位为研究者和被研究者的教师教育工作者提供重要的学习机会。
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引用次数: 5
Introduction to the Special Issue: International Approaches in Teacher Education 特刊导言:教师教育的国际方法
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1625635
Laura Baecher
In an effort to gain insights from international settings and globalize our awareness of teacher education practices, this special topic issue of The New Educator brings together a sampling of international research on pre-service teacher education. Keeping in mind that nearly 100% of all academic research on teacher education is published in English byUS andBritish publishing houses (Curry & Lillis, 2017), it is especially important for US and UK teacher educators to actively take up a comparative and international lens and to use our positions of power to ally with authors from under-represented contexts so their voices are heard. This in turn provides the global teacher education community with fresh perspectives on the evolving nature of teacher education and mitigates against a self-centric worldview. By comparing one’s own teacher education to other nations (Darling-Hammond, 2015), normative practices can be better appraised. As contributing author Thompson puts it, “Stepping away from the typical routine improves any myopia. I assert that international engagement can be a powerful mechanism for this stepping away, especially for teachers for whom reflective practice is paramount.” Through international engagement – whether personal and experiential or through consumption of research – it is apparent that teaching and teacher education are a manifestation of deep local political, social, economic and pedagogical structures. Historic and contextual ideologies inform attitudes about teachers’ roles, how schools should be governed, and who determines the content and agenda for teacher education. Teaching and teacher education methods must necessarily be understood in terms of local particularities, practicalities, and possibilities (Kumaravadivelu, 2003), yet we have much to gain by engaging in dialogue in across contexts. When teachers and teacher educators have the opportunity to engage in an international exchange of ideas and practice it enhances their intercultural competence, develops more globally-informed and critical perspectives on education, and offers new insights into their local, often unquestioned, approaches to teacher education (Alfaro & Quezada, 2010; Kissock & Richardson, 2010). Through reports from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) we are able to access data and research that drive international comparison and exploration.Much of the success of countries with high achievement stems from the quality of teaching and teacher education in those contexts (Weidman, James Jacob, & Casebeer, 2014). Ingersoll et al. (2007) found that this student achievement derives from the value placed in different countries on teaching careers, with starting salary, competition for seats in teacher education programs, and working conditions accounting for those differentials. Other international comparative research in teacher education has specified the qu
为了从国际背景中获得见解,并使我们对教师教育实践的认识全球化,本期《新教育家》专题汇集了关于职前教师教育的国际研究样本。请记住,几乎所有关于教师教育的学术研究都是由美国和英国出版社用英语出版的(Curry & Lillis, 2017),对于美国和英国的教师教育工作者来说,积极采取比较和国际视角,利用我们的权力地位与代表性不足的作者结盟,这样他们的声音就会被听到,这一点尤为重要。这反过来又为全球教师教育界提供了关于教师教育演变本质的新视角,并减轻了以自我为中心的世界观。通过将自己的教师教育与其他国家进行比较(Darling-Hammond, 2015),可以更好地评价规范性做法。正如特约作者汤普森所说,“远离典型的日常生活可以改善任何近视。我认为,国际参与可以成为这种转变的有力机制,尤其是对那些认为反思实践至关重要的教师而言。”通过国际参与- -无论是个人的和经验的还是通过研究的消费- -很明显,教学和教师教育是深刻的地方政治、社会、经济和教学结构的表现。历史和背景意识形态影响着人们对教师角色的态度、学校应该如何管理以及谁来决定教师教育的内容和议程。教学和教师教育方法必须根据当地的特殊性、实用性和可能性来理解(Kumaravadivelu, 2003),然而,通过在不同背景下进行对话,我们可以获得很多收获。当教师和教师教育者有机会参与思想和实践的国际交流时,它提高了他们的跨文化能力,发展了更多的全球信息和批判性的教育观点,并为他们当地的,通常是毋庸置疑的教师教育方法提供了新的见解(Alfaro & Quezada, 2010;Kissock & Richardson, 2010)。通过经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和国际学生评估项目(PISA)的报告,我们能够获得推动国际比较和探索的数据和研究。高成就国家的许多成功源于这些背景下的教学质量和教师教育(Weidman, James Jacob, & Casebeer, 2014)。Ingersoll等人(2007)发现,这种学生成就源于不同国家对教师职业的重视,起薪、教师教育项目席位竞争和工作条件是造成这些差异的原因。在教师教育方面的其他国际比较研究已经明确指出了教师候选人之间由于其先前教育而产生的技能质的差异。例如,对来自16个国家的数学教师候选人的教学内容知识的研究表明,有些人在操作方面非常强,有些人在替代解决问题的方法方面非常强,还有一些人在数学教学方法方面非常强。这些结果提醒我们,教师在中小学所经历的教育类型后来会影响他们成为什么样的教师(Blömeke, Suhl, & Döhrmann, 2013)。《新教育家》2019年第15卷第5期。3,175 - 177 https://doi.org/10.1080/1547688X.2019.1625635
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引用次数: 0
A Signature Pedagogy for Initial Teacher Education in Singapore 新加坡初任教师教育的特色教学法
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1626670
Charlene Tan
ABSTRACT This article focuses on the application of Shulman’s signature pedagogies for initial teacher education through the example of a pre-service course that promotes multidimensional thinking skills in Singapore. Multidimensional thinking emphasizes the thought processes, attitudes and abilities needed to address complex issues and problems from multiple angles and approaches. The course objectives, content, assessment format and delivery mode are premised on and reflect Shulman’s three dimensions of structures – surface, deep and implicit – as well as three kinds of pedagogies – uncertainty, engagement and formation. This illustrative case study from Singapore demonstrates the usefulness of the notion of signature pedagogies to help teacher educators design and enact learner- and learning-centered courses for pre-service teachers. Such courses transcend a narrow skills-based approach to advance the essential values, competencies and knowledge for initial teacher education in the 21st century.
本文以新加坡的一门促进多维思维技能的职前课程为例,重点探讨舒尔曼的标志性教学法在初级教师教育中的应用。多维思维强调从多个角度和方法解决复杂问题所需的思维过程、态度和能力。课程目标、内容、考核形式和交付方式都以舒尔曼提出的表层、深层和隐性三个结构维度以及不确定性、参与和形成三种教学法为前提和体现。这个来自新加坡的说导性案例研究证明了签名教学法的概念在帮助教师教育者为职前教师设计和制定以学习者和学习为中心的课程方面的有用性。这些课程超越了狭隘的以技能为基础的方法,以推进21世纪初级教师教育的基本价值观、能力和知识。
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引用次数: 2
A Missing Piece: Embedding Restorative Justice and Relational Pedagogy into the Teacher Education Classroom 缺失的一块:将恢复性正义与关系教学法嵌入教师教育课堂
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1626678
Trista Hollweck, K. Reimer, K. Bouchard
ABSTRACT In recent years, restorative justice (RJ) has been increasingly embedded in school policies and practice, primarily as a method to correct individual behavior. RJ, however, has a deeper potential, to help students build relationships and make school safe, equitable and relevant for its members. RJ is a growing social movement – globally and in Canada – that practices peaceful, constructive approaches to violations of legal and human rights. Yet, there is little understanding for how to introduce RJ to teachers so that they are supported to tap into this deeper potential in a sustainable manner. This manuscript provides a discussion of RJ as it is currently understood, implemented, and institutionalized, and we present data collected via focus groups with former teacher candidates enrolled in an RJ-focused teacher education course facilitated through relational pedagogy. The data highlights participants’ perceptions of RJ, the relational pedagogy approach of the course and the impact of the course on participants’ learning experiences. We draw from this data to make a case for embedding the philosophies of RJ and relational pedagogy into teacher education classrooms in order for teacher candidates to develop relationship-building competencies and a capacity to implement RJ in effective, holistic and sustainable ways.
近年来,恢复性司法(RJ)越来越多地融入学校政策和实践中,主要作为纠正个人行为的一种方法。然而,RJ有更深层的潜力,帮助学生建立关系,使学校安全,公平和相关的成员。RJ是一个不断发展的社会运动,在全球和加拿大都是如此,它以和平、建设性的方式对待侵犯法律和人权的行为。然而,对于如何向教师介绍RJ,以支持他们以可持续的方式挖掘这种更深层次的潜力,人们知之甚少。本文讨论了目前对RJ的理解、实施和制度化,并提供了通过焦点小组收集的数据,这些数据来自于通过关系教学法促进的以RJ为重点的教师教育课程的前教师候选人。数据突出了参与者对RJ的看法,课程的关系教学法方法以及课程对参与者学习经验的影响。我们从这些数据中得出结论,将RJ和关系教育学的理念融入教师教育课堂,以培养教师候选人建立关系的能力和以有效、全面和可持续的方式实施RJ的能力。
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引用次数: 9
Pre-Service English Language Teacher Education and the First Years of Teaching: Perspectives from Cyprus 职前英语教师教育和第一年的教学:来自塞浦路斯的观点
Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1628558
Stella Kourieos, M. Diakou
ABSTRACT This study examined the effectiveness of pre-service education in Cyprus, in preparing primary teachers to teach English in primary state schools. A survey and follow up interviews were employed to investigate the following: a) Novice teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness to teach English after completing a 4-year Teacher Education program, and b) Challenges encountered during induction years in relation to English language teaching (ELT). Findings point to the inadequacy of pre-service education in Cyprus, in this regard, and call for the reconceptualization of the current practices for preparing primary teachers for the actualities of ELT in state schools.
摘要本研究考察了塞浦路斯职前教育在准备小学教师在公立小学教授英语方面的有效性。本研究采用问卷调查和跟踪访谈的方法来调查以下问题:A)完成4年教师教育计划后,新教师对自己英语教学准备的看法;b)入职期间遇到的与英语教学(ELT)相关的挑战。调查结果指出塞浦路斯在这方面的职前教育不足,并呼吁重新构想目前的做法,以便为公立学校的英语教学实际情况培养小学教师。
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引用次数: 8
Claiming a Pedagogy of Interruption through International Experiences 从国际经验看中断教学法
Pub Date : 2019-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1625636
Ashleigh B. Thompson
ABSTRACT This essay shares impressions from French and German higher education through a comparative US lens, with a special focus on internationalization and mobility. The author integrates the theoretical lens of Gert Biesta’s Pedagogy of Interruption to posit that international experiences facilitate encounters with otherness that spark new ways of seeing and thinking. These disruptive experiences can be particularly generative in education, which fosters reflective practice, and for teacher educators themselves. Key questions for considering international approaches to teacher education touch on themes such as global citizenship, relationality, student diversity and transnational partnership.
本文通过比较美国的视角来分享法国和德国高等教育的印象,特别关注国际化和流动性。作者整合了格特·比斯塔(Gert Biesta)的《中断教学法》(Pedagogy of Interruption)的理论视角,假设国际经验促进了与他者的接触,从而激发了新的观察和思考方式。这些破坏性的经历在教育中尤其具有生动性,它促进了反思性实践,对教师教育工作者本身也是如此。考虑国际教师教育方法的关键问题涉及全球公民、关系、学生多样性和跨国伙伴关系等主题。
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引用次数: 0
The Lived Experiences of Mothers of Children with Disabilities 残疾儿童母亲的生活经历
Pub Date : 2019-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/1547688X.2019.1601315
Sonya E. Munsell, L. O'Malley
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research study was to explore the lived experiences of parents of children with disabilities. More specifically, this study aimed to give voice to these parents by encouraging them to be active participants in the research process. The researchers used the Photovoice technique as a way for participants to explore their experiences. Participants were given a list of questions related to raising a child with a disability. Participants (all of whom were mothers) responded to these questions by taking photos. Upon completion of the photo-taking process, each mother participated in a one-on-one semistructured interview with the researchers. Additionally, mothers completed a short demographic survey. The researchers used the SHOWeD method as a springboard for discussing the photos and the meanings behind the photos. Open coding led to the establishment of three broad themes: individuation, sensitivity, and advocacy. Mothers acknowledged that, although raising a child with a disability could be hard work, it was also accompanied by a number of rewarding and joyful experiences.
摘要本研究旨在探讨残疾儿童父母的生活体验。更具体地说,这项研究旨在通过鼓励这些父母积极参与研究过程来表达他们的意见。研究人员使用Photovoice技术作为参与者探索他们经历的一种方式。参与者被要求回答一系列与抚养残疾儿童有关的问题。参与者(都是母亲)通过拍照来回答这些问题。在完成拍照过程后,每位母亲都参加了与研究人员一对一的半结构化访谈。此外,母亲们还完成了一项简短的人口调查。研究人员将展示方法作为讨论照片及其背后含义的跳板。开放编码导致了三大主题的建立:个性化、敏感性和倡导性。母亲们承认,虽然抚养残疾孩子可能是一项艰苦的工作,但也伴随着一些有益和快乐的经历。
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引用次数: 2
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The New Educator
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