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Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and cattle meat using PCR-RFLP technique 用PCR-RFLP技术分型羊和牛的刚地弓形虫
Pub Date : 2021-02-07 DOI: 10.30564/VSR.V2I2.2673
M. Rahdar, L. Arab, A. S. Zadeh
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite, with worldwide distribution. The main source of infection for humans is livestock and meat-producer animals. The relationships between Toxoplasma genotype and biological characteristics of the parasite have already been identified. According to the pathogenicity of the parasite in laboratory animals, Toxoplasma is divided into three genotypes included type I, II and III. Understanding the genotype of the parasite, could help us to predict clinical features and severity of disease. The aim of this study was to identify genotypes of T. gondii in cattle and sheep meat and meat products in Ahvaz city southwest of Iran.One hundred and ninety samples of tongue, heart and muscles of sheep and cattle and meat products, including sausages and burgers, were collected from slaughterhouses and stores. To identify Toxoplasma gondii, DNA were extracted from samples and B1 gene were amplified by specific primers. To determine the genotype of T.gondii, PCR-RFLP was done on positive samples using by amplifying GRA6 gene and endonuclease Msel enzyme. Data analysis showed that the strain of the parasite in all positive samples belonged to genotype I.In this study the predominant Toxoplasma genotype was type I which can cause severe clinical symptoms in immunocompromised patients. Further research is needed to determine the genotype of the parasite in humans and other animals.
刚地弓形虫是一种专性的细胞内寄生虫,分布在世界各地。人类感染的主要来源是家畜和肉类生产动物。弓形虫基因型与弓形虫生物学特性之间的关系已经确定。根据弓形虫在实验动物中的致病性,将弓形虫分为I型、II型和III型三种基因型。了解寄生虫的基因型,可以帮助我们预测疾病的临床特征和严重程度。本研究的目的是鉴定伊朗西南部阿瓦士市牛、羊肉和肉制品中的弓形虫基因型。从屠宰场和商店收集了190份羊、牛的舌头、心脏和肌肉样本,以及包括香肠和汉堡在内的肉制品样本。为了鉴定刚地弓形虫,从样品中提取DNA,并通过特异性引物扩增B1基因。为确定弓形虫的基因型,采用扩增gr6基因和扩增内切酶Msel酶对阳性标本进行PCR-RFLP分析。数据分析显示,所有阳性标本中弓形虫的菌株均为基因型I。本研究中弓形虫的优势基因型为I型,可引起免疫功能低下患者的严重临床症状。需要进一步研究以确定人类和其他动物中寄生虫的基因型。
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引用次数: 1
Alterations in Quality Parameters of Mastitic Milk 乳乳质量参数的变化
Pub Date : 2021-02-07 DOI: 10.30564/VSR.V2I2.2638
M. Azam, M. Naseer, Kiran Mumtaz, I. Muzammil, Khazeena Atta, R. Ahmed, A. I. Aqib
Quality milk production in modern dairy systems is facing many challenges. Salient in them is mastitis which is responsible for decline in milk production, altered milk composition and compromised udder health. The malaise consists of multiple bacterial etiologies which can be broadly classified into contagious pathogens and environmental pathogens S. aureus is being isolated invariably in all epidemiological studies, followed by E. coli. Pathogenic virulence in mastitis is often accounted due to microbial ability of producing wide array of virulence factors that enhances pathogenicity and sustainment potential in the epithelial linings of udder. Mastitis affects quality parameters of milk i.e. constitutional as well as mineral profile due to local damage and inflammatory mediators. It decreases the lactose secretion because of oxidative stress generated due to the formation of free radicals in the milk. In mastitic milk, IgG2 becomes the predominant antibody which is thought to be the main opsonin supporting neutrophil phagocytosis in the bovine mammary gland. Therefore, it plays a significant role in the battle against mastitis pathogens. Mastitis infected cow shows a notable elevated level of the sodium and chlorine and demoted level of calcium, potassium and inorganic phosphorus. In micro minerals, mastitis affects are pretty much same as in most macro minerals i.e. lower down their concentration in milk secretion. Consistent preventive strategy alongside strict surveillance and biosecurity is recommended for combating this challenge. 
现代乳品系统的优质牛奶生产面临着许多挑战。其中最突出的是乳腺炎,它会导致产奶量下降、牛奶成分改变和乳房健康受损。该病由多种细菌病因组成,大致可分为感染性病原体和环境致病菌,所有流行病学研究都不可避免地分离出金黄色葡萄球菌,其次是大肠杆菌。乳腺炎的致病力通常被认为是由于微生物产生广泛的毒力因子的能力,这些毒力因子增强了乳房上皮内膜的致病性和维持潜力。由于局部损伤和炎症介质,乳腺炎影响牛奶的质量参数,即宪法以及矿物质剖面。它减少了乳糖的分泌,因为牛奶中自由基的形成产生了氧化应激。在乳汁中,IgG2成为主要抗体,被认为是支持牛乳腺中性粒细胞吞噬的主要调理素。因此,它在对抗乳腺炎病原体的战斗中起着重要的作用。乳腺炎感染奶牛的钠、氯含量显著升高,钙、钾、无机磷含量显著降低。乳腺炎对微量矿物质的影响与对大多数宏观矿物质的影响几乎相同,即降低了它们在乳汁分泌中的浓度。建议采取一致的预防战略以及严格的监测和生物安全措施来应对这一挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Drinking a structured water product on markers of hydration, airway health and heart rate variability in Thoroughbred racehorses: a small-scale, clinical field trial 纯种马饮用结构水产品对水合作用、气道健康和心率变异性的影响:一项小规模的临床现场试验
Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.30564/vsr.v2i2.2380
M. Lindinger
Racehorses in training are in situations of repeated stress that may have effects on hydration and health, including airway health. The main hypothesis of this descriptive study was that daily consumption of a structured water (SW) product for 4 weeks will result in improved hydration, reduced markers of upper airway health concerns and increased heart rate variability. Two groups of Thoroughbred racehorses matched for physiological, training and racing attributes were studied for 4 weeks. One group (n = 17) received 10 L (~15%) of their daily water as SW (followed by ad libitum filtered deep well water) and the control group (n = 15) only filtered deep well water. Duplicate (two separate days) blood samples and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures were obtained at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Hydration was assessed using BIA. The upper airway was assessed by nasopharyngeal endoscopy at baseline within 60 minutes of breezing (weekly near-race gallop pace). On weekly breeze days heart rate was recorded at rest, during exercise and recovery and data were analysed for heart rate variability. Compared to controls, horses drinking SW showed: (a) increased hydration by 2 weeks that was sustained to 4 weeks; (b) upper airway health (less mucous and less trace bleeding) post-breezing; and (c) increased heart rate variability (more restorative autonomic response) at rest. There were no performance benefits, no adverse events occurred, and blood hematological and biochemistry parameters were normal throughout. It is concluded that drinking 10 L daily of SW increased hydration and may have conferred some wellness benefits.
训练中的赛马处于反复的压力状态,这可能会影响水合作用和健康,包括气道健康。本描述性研究的主要假设是,连续4周每天饮用结构化水(SW)产品将改善水合作用,减少上呼吸道健康问题的标志物,并增加心率变异性。对两组生理、训练和比赛性状匹配的纯种马进行了为期4周的研究。一组(n = 17)每天用10 L(~15%)的水作为SW(然后是随意过滤的深井水),对照组(n = 15)只过滤深井水。在基线、第2周和第4周获得重复(两天)血液样本和生物电阻抗分析(BIA)测量。采用BIA法评价水合作用。在微风吹过的60分钟内(每周接近比赛的速度),通过鼻咽内窥镜检查上呼吸道。在每周有风的日子里,记录休息、运动和恢复时的心率,并分析数据的心率变异性。与对照组相比,饮用SW的马显示:(a)水合作用增加2周,持续到4周;(b)微风吹过后上呼吸道健康(粘液减少,微量出血减少);(c)静止时心率变异性增加(更多的恢复性自主神经反应)。没有性能提升,没有不良事件发生,血液血液学和生化指标在整个过程中都是正常的。结论是,每天饮用10升SW可以增加水合作用,并可能带来一些健康益处。
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引用次数: 2
A comparative investigation on growth of three food born pathogenic bacteria inoculated with Withania somnifera: an invitro experimental study 三种食源性致病菌接种苦参菌的体外生长比较研究
Pub Date : 2020-10-14 DOI: 10.30564/vsr.v2i1.2052
Abdoljamal Azar, S. Salari, S. Sargolzaei
Background: Withania somnifera (WS) is proposed as one of the alternatives instead of the antibiotic. This study is aimed to evaluate the inhibitory potency of enzymatic extract of the fruits of the WS.
背景:Withania somnifera (WS)被提出作为抗生素的替代品之一。本研究旨在评价枸杞果实酶提取物的抑菌活性。
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引用次数: 0
High Fat Diet Load Study in a Natural Obesity-Resistant Animal Model, Suncus murinus 自然抗肥胖动物模型鼠尾鼠的高脂肪饮食负荷研究
Pub Date : 2020-06-12 DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2020.110011
Ming-Shou Zhang, Yi-Dan Dai, Hiraku Sasaki, Ke Ren, Zhi-Dan Wang, Jue-Fei Chen, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Shuang-Qin Yi
Our previous study, demonstrated the obesity-resistant phenomenon in the House musk shrew, Suncus murinus (S. murinus). In order to go further to explore the mechanism of the phenomenon of natural obesity resistance in S. murinus, we focused on the effects of diet on fat accumulation and metabolism. In this study, four-week-old male S. murinus were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups (n = 6 per group) and fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal trout diet (NTD) for 24 weeks. Body weight, food ingestion, visceral fat distribution, blood biochemistry and fecal lipids were monitored and analyzed in the HFD and NTD groups. It was found no differences in the average final body weight or body fat change between the two groups. Although animals fed HFD had similar serum triglyceride concentration to animals fed NTD, they had significantly higher phospholipid and total cholesterol concentrations than the NTD group. Furthermore, fecal lipid levels in the HFD group was significantly higher than those in the NTD group, suggesting that diet composition or energy density of the diet affects blood biochemistry. Although NTD-fed S. murinus had higher food ingestion than HFD-fed S. murinus, caloric intake remained almost the same. We speculated S. murinus may suppress obesity and control fat accumulation by controlling calorie intake. These results suggest that the obesity characteristics of S. murinus are not primarily due to dietary factors but to other mechanisms of regulation.Keywords: High fat diet; Mesenteric fat; Obesity-resistant; Suncus murinus
我们之前的研究证实了麝香鼩Suncus murinus (S. murinus)具有抗肥胖现象。为了进一步探讨鼠耳鼠自然抗肥胖现象的机制,我们重点研究了饮食对脂肪积累和代谢的影响。在本研究中,将4周龄雄性小鳟鱼分为2个实验组(每组n = 6),分别饲喂高脂肪饲料(HFD)和普通鳟鱼饲料(NTD),为期24周。对HFD组和NTD组的体重、食物摄入、内脏脂肪分布、血液生化和粪便脂质进行监测和分析。结果发现,两组人的最终平均体重和体脂变化没有差异。虽然饲喂HFD的动物血清甘油三酯浓度与饲喂NTD的动物相似,但它们的磷脂和总胆固醇浓度明显高于NTD组。此外,HFD组的粪便脂质水平显著高于NTD组,表明日粮成分或能量密度影响了血液生化。虽然ntd喂养的鼠腹鱼的食物摄取量高于hfd喂养的鼠腹鱼,但热量摄取量几乎相同。我们推测S. murinus可能通过控制热量摄入来抑制肥胖和控制脂肪积累。这些结果表明,鼠鼠的肥胖特征主要不是由于饮食因素,而是由于其他机制的调节。关键词:高脂饮食;肠系膜脂肪;教授;2 murinus
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引用次数: 1
Multiple RT-PCR Detection of H5, H7, and H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses and Newcastle Disease Virus H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒的多重RT-PCR检测
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.30564/vsr.v1i2.1429
F. Fei
Objective: This paper focuses on the multiple detection RT-PCR technology of H5, H7, AND H9 subtype avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus, and points out the specific detection methods and detection procedures of avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus. Methods: The genes of Newcastle disease virus carrying out the HA gene sequence of H5, H7 and H9 subtype AIV in GenBank were used to establish a strategy for simultaneous detection of three subtypes of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus. Results: The results showed that the program can detect and distinguish H5, H7 and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus at one time. Conclusion: Multiple RT-PCR detection method has high detection sensitivity and can detect and determine different subtypes of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus quickly and accurately, therefore, it has a crucial role in the detection and control of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 subtypes and Newcastle disease.
目的:重点研究H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒的多重检测RT-PCR技术,指出禽流感和新城疫病毒的具体检测方法和检测程序。方法:利用GenBank中含有AIV H5、H7、H9亚型HA基因序列的新城疫病毒基因,建立禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒三种亚型同时检测的策略。结果:该程序可同时检测和区分H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒。结论:多重RT-PCR检测方法检测灵敏度高,能快速、准确地检测出不同亚型的禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒,因此对禽流感H5、H7、H9亚型和新城疫的检测和控制具有至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Sero-prevalence of serological of Lawsonia intracellularis in domestic pigs in South Korea 韩国家猪胞内裂裂菌血清学调查
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2019.1100006
Jung-Ah Kim, Eun-Ok Kim, Van Giap Nguyen, Yong-Ho Park, Hee-Chun Chung, Bong- Kyun Park
Proliferative enteropathy (PE) of pigs mainly been caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. To investigate the prevalence of L. intracellularis in South Korea, serum samples of 2,356 pigs from nine province domestic farms were tested using IgGs against ELISA kit. During 2017 to 2019, among of every age groups, the older age groups (>120days and sow) had significant higher positive rates than younger groups. The objective of the current study was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to L. intracellularis in different age groups in pigs in South Korea as a more sensitive measure of detection in this country.Keywords: Lawsonia intracellularis; Elisa; Age groups; Domestic farm; South Korea
猪的增生性肠病(PE)主要由胞内Lawsonia引起。为了调查胞内乳杆菌在韩国的流行情况,采用ELISA试剂盒对来自韩国9个省级家庭农场的2356头猪的血清样本进行了igg抗体检测。2017 - 2019年,各年龄组中,大龄组(>120日龄和母猪)的阳性率显著高于小龄组。本研究的目的是测量韩国不同年龄组猪中胞内乳杆菌抗体的血清阳性率,作为该国更敏感的检测措施。关键词:胞内月桂;Elisa;年龄组;国内农场;韩国
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引用次数: 0
Baseline survey of Ixodid Ticks Infesting Cattle in Northern State, Sudan 苏丹北部州牛只染蜱基线调查
Pub Date : 2019-10-05 DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2019.110005
Mohamed Toum Elhaj, K. Taha, A. Ghali, S. Hassan, D. Salih, J. Ahmed, P. Clausen, A. M. E. Hussein
Background and objective: Ixodid ticks are serious obstacle to development and utilization of animal resource in tropical countries like Sudan. Over 70 species of tick are prevalent in the Sudan in diverse ecological zones. The aim of this study was to provide a baseline data on tick species infesting cattle in the Northern State, Sudan as a prerequisite to design tick control policy in the state as well as the whole country.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in April 2017 and included seven provinces of the state. Total body tick collection (n=1,098) was carried out from 365 heads of cattle. Tick identification to the genus and species level was carried out as well as statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA.Results: Nine tick species of two genera, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus, were identified. The genus Hyalomma represented 82% of the collected ticks. Hyalomma rufipes was the most common tick species (48.5%) followed by Rhipicephalus praetextatus (14.9%), H. anatolicum (14.4%), H. excavatum (12.8%), H. dromedarii and R. sanguineus (3.4% each), H. impeltatum (2.2%), H. marginatum (0.46%) and the least prevalent tick species was R. evertsi evertsi (0.09%). The prevalence of tick infestation significantly varied within the age groups for H. anatolicum, H. rufipes and H. excavatum. The mean tick infestation was found to be independent on breed and sex of the animals.Conclusion: It is concluded that there were nine ticks species distributed in the State. Among these species is H. anatolicum, which is the vector of two vital diseases, bovine tropical theileriosis and malignant ovine theileriosis. Thus, tick control strategy, and creation of awareness among animal breeders on the problem associated with tick infestation are recommended.
背景与目的:伊蚊是苏丹等热带国家动物资源开发利用的严重障碍。在苏丹不同的生态区,有70多种蜱虫普遍存在。本研究的目的是提供苏丹北部州感染牛的蜱虫种类的基线数据,作为在该州和全国制定蜱虫控制政策的先决条件。材料与方法:本研究于2017年4月进行,涵盖了该州的七个省。从365头牛身上采集了1098只蜱虫。采用双因素方差分析进行属和种水平的蜱虫鉴定和统计分析。结果:鉴定出透明蜱和鼻头蜱2属9种。收集到的蜱中有82%为透明蜱属。最常见蜱种为斑纹透明眼蜱(48.5%),其次为前爪棘头蜱(14.9%)、灰尾蜱(14.4%)、凹尾蜱(12.8%)、dromedarii和sanguineus(3.4%)、impeltatum蜱(2.2%)、边际蜱(0.46%),最不常见蜱种为evertsi evertsi蜱(0.09%)。在不同年龄组中,灰顶蜱、红唇蜱和漏斗蜱的流行率差异显著。蜱的平均侵染程度与动物的品种和性别无关。结论:我省蜱类共有9种。在这些物种中,有一种是牛热带肺脏菌病和羊恶性肺脏菌病两种重要疾病的媒介。因此,建议采取蜱虫控制策略,并提高动物饲养者对与蜱虫侵扰有关的问题的认识。
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引用次数: 2
Integrated Nutraceutical – Nutritional Approaches to Address Equine Leaky Gut Syndrome 综合营养-营养方法解决马漏肠综合征
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.30564/vsr.v1i1.1057
M. Lindinger
Many of the nutrients beneficial for intestinal health are present in normal foods, but their normal daily intake may be too low to exert optimum effects on intestinal barrier function and immune status. Evidence from laboratory and farm production animals strongly supports dietary supplementation with additional nutrients and nutraceuticals, however research in horses remains scarce and inconclusive. Careful consideration of the outcome desired for horses in care, together with the types of nutraceuticals available, is needed to develop effective strategies for maintenance of healthy intestinal barrier function and for treatment of various leaky gut syndromes in horses. This review presents these issues in the context of what is known about the effects of nutraceutical-type nutrients on the mammalian (including equine) g.i. tract and intestinal microbiome with the aim of providing suggestions for the equine situation.
许多对肠道健康有益的营养物质存在于正常食物中,但它们的正常每日摄入量可能过低,无法对肠道屏障功能和免疫状态发挥最佳作用。来自实验室和农场生产动物的证据强烈支持在膳食中补充额外的营养素和营养保健品,但对马的研究仍然很少,而且尚无定论。需要仔细考虑护理马所需的结果,以及可用的营养保健品类型,以制定有效的策略来维持健康的肠屏障功能和治疗马的各种肠漏综合征。本文从营养保健品对哺乳动物(包括马)胃肠道和肠道微生物群的影响的已知情况出发,对这些问题进行综述,旨在为马的情况提供建议。
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引用次数: 1
Molecular Analysis of Pathogenicity Differences of Avian Paramyxovirus 1 Genotypes VI and VII in Chickens 禽副粘病毒1基因型VI和VII对鸡致病性差异的分子分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.30564/vsr.v1i1.879
Yang Song, J. Zhao, Hui-ming Yang, Yawen Bu, Guozhong Zhang
Background: Genotypes VI and VII of  (APMV-1) have different host range and pathogenicity in pigeons and chickens. However, the molecular determinants of these differences are still unclear. Methods: Here, we aligned the DNA sequences of 56 genotype VI and 33 genotype VII APMV-1 strains. Sequence alignment results revealed that there are 17 amino acids sites differed between APMV-1 strains of these two genotypes. We then constructed a plasmid based on the full-length genome of rSG10 APMV-1 strain, which belongs to genotype VII but was mutated with these 17 VI-genotype-specific amino acids, and rescued as rSG10-17 strain. The restriction digestion and ligation and overlapping PCR methods were used in the construction of plasmids with amino acids mutation. This virus was evaluated for its virulence and growth characteristics. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that the virulence and the growth characteristics have no obvious difference between the rSG10-17 virus and its parental strain rSG10. The simultaneous mutation of 17 genotype-specific amino acids did not affect the virulence of APMV-1 in chickens. Further analysis of these amino acids is required by taking into consideration of the functions of encoded proteins.
背景:APMV-1基因型VI和VII在鸽子和鸡中具有不同的宿主范围和致病性。然而,这些差异的分子决定因素仍不清楚。方法:对56株VI基因型和33株VII基因型APMV-1进行DNA序列比对。序列比对结果显示,两种基因型APMV-1株存在17个氨基酸位点的差异。我们利用rSG10 APMV-1菌株的全基因组构建了质粒,该菌株属于VII基因型,但被这17个vi基因型特异性氨基酸突变,并被拯救为rSG10-17菌株。构建氨基酸突变质粒采用限制性内切连接法和重叠PCR法。对该病毒的毒力和生长特性进行了评价。结果与结论:rSG10-17病毒的毒力和生长特性与亲本株rSG10无明显差异。17个基因型特异性氨基酸同时突变对鸡APMV-1的毒力没有影响。考虑到编码蛋白质的功能,需要对这些氨基酸进行进一步分析。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Veterinary Science and Research
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