J. A. Villagómez-Cortés, Blanca Leydi Guevara-Torres, Luis Antonio Landín-Grandvallet, Alberto Tirado-Madrid
The rapid weight gain and fast muscle growth due to intense genetic selection and improved nutrition for additional breast muscle in broiler commercial strains affect chickens health. In order to compare the main locomotive problems in broilers of Cobb and Ross strains, two pens from a commercial farm in Veracruz, Mexico were used. The first pen housed 16,500 males and 16,500 females of Cobb strain and the second one 16,500 males and 16,500 females of Ross strain. Chicks were checked for locomotion problems from day one until their sale. Animals with problems were recorded and necropsies were performed to identify the pathology. Out of 1406 animals with locomotive problems (2.13% of the total), 58.9% were Cobb and 41.1% Ross (P <0.05). The frequency of locomotive problems was 2.51% for Cobb and 1.75% for Ross. Most common individual lesions were osteochondrosis (38.61%), inflamed joints with purulent contents (37.13%), and valgus (19.65%). Locomotive problems appeared since the first week, but its number increased as birds gained weight, particularly from the fourth week on. Problems occurred more in males than in females and in Cobb birds than in the Ross strain. Economic loss due to locomotion problems was higher for the Cobb strain.
{"title":"Comparison of locomotion problems and its economic impact on Cobb and Ross broiler strains","authors":"J. A. Villagómez-Cortés, Blanca Leydi Guevara-Torres, Luis Antonio Landín-Grandvallet, Alberto Tirado-Madrid","doi":"10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4126","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid weight gain and fast muscle growth due to intense genetic selection and improved nutrition for additional breast muscle in broiler commercial strains affect chickens health. In order to compare the main locomotive problems in broilers of Cobb and Ross strains, two pens from a commercial farm in Veracruz, Mexico were used. The first pen housed 16,500 males and 16,500 females of Cobb strain and the second one 16,500 males and 16,500 females of Ross strain. Chicks were checked for locomotion problems from day one until their sale. Animals with problems were recorded and necropsies were performed to identify the pathology. Out of 1406 animals with locomotive problems (2.13% of the total), 58.9% were Cobb and 41.1% Ross (P <0.05). The frequency of locomotive problems was 2.51% for Cobb and 1.75% for Ross. Most common individual lesions were osteochondrosis (38.61%), inflamed joints with purulent contents (37.13%), and valgus (19.65%). Locomotive problems appeared since the first week, but its number increased as birds gained weight, particularly from the fourth week on. Problems occurred more in males than in females and in Cobb birds than in the Ross strain. Economic loss due to locomotion problems was higher for the Cobb strain.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86431900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Aqib, Afshan Muneer, Muhammad Shafeeq, Nimra Kirn
Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy farms. Bovine mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic impact. Most of the economic losses are the result of mastitis. Mastitis is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy sector. Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal diseases. Mastitis reduces milk production, changes milk composition, and shortens the productive life of infected cows. Farmers must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control programed. Bovine mastitis, the most significant disease of dairy herds, has huge effects on farm economics. Mastitis losses are due to reduced milk production, the cost of treatments, and culling. Major factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial approaches. Most of the losses are related to somatic cell count (SCC), which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of milk. Culling costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal, mostly heifers. Overhead impacts include the replacement animals' lower milk supply effectiveness. The expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.
{"title":"Economic Impacts of Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis on Dairy Farms","authors":"A. I. Aqib, Afshan Muneer, Muhammad Shafeeq, Nimra Kirn","doi":"10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4119","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy farms. Bovine mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic impact. Most of the economic losses are the result of mastitis. Mastitis is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy sector. Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal diseases. Mastitis reduces milk production, changes milk composition, and shortens the productive life of infected cows. Farmers must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control programed. Bovine mastitis, the most significant disease of dairy herds, has huge effects on farm economics. Mastitis losses are due to reduced milk production, the cost of treatments, and culling. Major factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial approaches. Most of the losses are related to somatic cell count (SCC), which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of milk. Culling costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal, mostly heifers. Overhead impacts include the replacement animals' lower milk supply effectiveness. The expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86656901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two groups of hens (control and immunization group) were arranged in an experimental design with an immunization schedule of 3 injections of BSA antigen. IgY antibodies were extracted from egg yolks by two precipitation processes (chloroform and polyethylene glycol precipitates) and quantified using a standard curve of protein concentration. The purification of IgYwas confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Total protein extracted from egg yoks were less contaminated with yellow pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin) by using chloroform precipitate. The 2nd week post-immunization, IgY concentration increased respectively to 3903 ± 726 μg.ml-1 (chloroform extraction process) and 2937 ± 294 μg.ml-1 (PEG extraction process) (P < 0.01). After 3rdimmunization, IgY level obtaining from in immunization group extracted by chloroform process (6633 ± 1166 μg.ml-1) increased 2.7 times higher than that in control group (2482 ± 414 μg.ml-1). Whereas IgY concentrations obtained from PEG extraction process were not significantly different between the experimental group and control group. Chloroform and PEG precipitation methods had the same protein profile on the SDSPAGE. IgY antibody was identified by the presence of bands corresponding with IgY heavy chain (67-70 kDa) and IgY light chain (25 kDa) for both precipitation processes.
{"title":"Investigation of Two Precipitation Methods for Extracting Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) from Egg Yolks","authors":"Tran Thi Quynh Lan, Tran Trong Kha","doi":"10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4074","url":null,"abstract":"Two groups of hens (control and immunization group) were arranged in an experimental design with an immunization schedule of 3 injections of BSA antigen. IgY antibodies were extracted from egg yolks by two precipitation processes (chloroform and polyethylene glycol precipitates) and quantified using a standard curve of protein concentration. The purification of IgYwas confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Total protein extracted from egg yoks were less contaminated with yellow pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin) by using chloroform precipitate. The 2nd week post-immunization, IgY concentration increased respectively to 3903 ± 726 μg.ml-1 (chloroform extraction process) and 2937 ± 294 μg.ml-1 (PEG extraction process) (P < 0.01). After 3rdimmunization, IgY level obtaining from in immunization group extracted by chloroform process (6633 ± 1166 μg.ml-1) increased 2.7 times higher than that in control group (2482 ± 414 μg.ml-1). Whereas IgY concentrations obtained from PEG extraction process were not significantly different between the experimental group and control group. Chloroform and PEG precipitation methods had the same protein profile on the SDSPAGE. IgY antibody was identified by the presence of bands corresponding with IgY heavy chain (67-70 kDa) and IgY light chain (25 kDa) for both precipitation processes.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89006212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) negative-strand RNA genome containssix genes. These genes encode nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P),matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN),and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) proteins. The six proteins affectthe virulence of NDV in different ways, but available information on thesix proteins is disparate and scattered across many databases and sources.A comprehensive overview of the proteins determining NDV virulence islacking. This review summarizes the virulence of NDV as a complex traitdetermined by these six different proteins.
{"title":"The Influence of Newcastle Disease Virus Major Proteins on Virulence","authors":"Guozhong Zhang, J. Xue, Xiao Li","doi":"10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/vsr.v3i2.4098","url":null,"abstract":"The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) negative-strand RNA genome containssix genes. These genes encode nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P),matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN),and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) proteins. The six proteins affectthe virulence of NDV in different ways, but available information on thesix proteins is disparate and scattered across many databases and sources.A comprehensive overview of the proteins determining NDV virulence islacking. This review summarizes the virulence of NDV as a complex traitdetermined by these six different proteins.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80038198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2021.110018
Shiv Swaroop, Pramanik PS, Singh KD, Subodh Kumar, Verma AK
The aim of the present investigation was to examine the haematological profile and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in calves. The study was carried out at Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya and nearby villages. Twenty four cattle calves were utilized to study haematological parameters that are Haemoglobin (Hb (gm/dl), Neutrophil (%), Basophil (%), PCV (%), Lymphocyte (%), Monocyte (%), TLC (103/ µl), Eosinophil (%), N/L ratio) and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in to four groups viz. control (T0), lignocaine (TL), tremadol (TT) and lignocaine+tremadol (TL-T). After medication calves were disbudded by hot iron method. The blood samples were collected for haematological parameters & for estimation of LPO (lipid peroxides) as per method described by [1] just before (0h) and after disbudding on 6h, 24h and 72h. The results showed that, at 24h, T0 group showed significantly lowest Hb (10.66±0.49%) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups. At 0h, 6h and 72h means of PCV% were significantly different among treatment groups. The lowest lymphocytes (64.00±1.00) was observed in TT group at 6h. The T0 group showed significantly lowest basophil (0.00±0.00) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group at 6h. At the same interval, T0 group showed significantly lowest monocytes (4.66±0.61) which was significantly different with TL, TT and TL-T groups. At 6h, T0 group showed significantly lowest N/ L ratio (0.15±0.01) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups. It may be concluded that no significant difference was observed in eosinophil%, TLC, neutrophil% and monocyte% counts between control and treatment groups. However, Hb%, basophil%, PCV% and lymphocyte% were significantly different between control and treatment groups. N/L ratio was significant only at 6h. Most of the cases TL-T group showed comparatively better performance. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups.
{"title":"Study the Haematological parameters and Oxidative stress before and after disbudding in Calves","authors":"Shiv Swaroop, Pramanik PS, Singh KD, Subodh Kumar, Verma AK","doi":"10.36811/jvsr.2021.110018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2021.110018","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present investigation was to examine the haematological profile and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in calves. The study was carried out at Livestock Farm Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya and nearby villages. Twenty four cattle calves were utilized to study haematological parameters that are Haemoglobin (Hb (gm/dl), Neutrophil (%), Basophil (%), PCV (%), Lymphocyte (%), Monocyte (%), TLC (103/ µl), Eosinophil (%), N/L ratio) and oxidative stress before and after disbudding in to four groups viz. control (T0), lignocaine (TL), tremadol (TT) and lignocaine+tremadol (TL-T). After medication calves were disbudded by hot iron method. The blood samples were collected for haematological parameters & for estimation of LPO (lipid peroxides) as per method described by [1] just before (0h) and after disbudding on 6h, 24h and 72h. The results showed that, at 24h, T0 group showed significantly lowest Hb (10.66±0.49%) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups. At 0h, 6h and 72h means of PCV% were significantly different among treatment groups. The lowest lymphocytes (64.00±1.00) was observed in TT group at 6h. The T0 group showed significantly lowest basophil (0.00±0.00) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group at 6h. At the same interval, T0 group showed significantly lowest monocytes (4.66±0.61) which was significantly different with TL, TT and TL-T groups. At 6h, T0 group showed significantly lowest N/ L ratio (0.15±0.01) which was statistically similar to TT and TL-T groups but significantly different from TL group. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups. It may be concluded that no significant difference was observed in eosinophil%, TLC, neutrophil% and monocyte% counts between control and treatment groups. However, Hb%, basophil%, PCV% and lymphocyte% were significantly different between control and treatment groups. N/L ratio was significant only at 6h. Most of the cases TL-T group showed comparatively better performance. At 0h, 6h and 24h LPO was significantly different among groups. At 0h, T0 group showed significantly highest (106.59±0.63) which was significantly different from TL, TT and TL-T groups.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81994333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2021.110016
C. Yap, W. Tan, W. Cheng, S. Peng, C. W. Yap, and Mohamad Saupi Ismail
The objective of this study was to compare the cited data of Cd and Pb levels in the green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) with established maximum limits of both metals by European Union (EU) legislation for animal feeds. It was found that most mussel populations from Malaysia (90% for Cd; 87.5% for Pb) and Hong Kong (96.2% for Cd; 100% for Pb) were found to have lower levels of Cd and Pb than the maximum limits for animal feeds by EU. Therefore, both toxic metals based on the feeds of mussel meats on the animals should not pose serious toxicological effects. However, the meat of P. viridis are potential animal feeds similarly to the fish meal. Considering the accumulation of metals in the long term, future biomonitoring of Cd and Pb should focus on animal feed materials on mussel-based origins. Keywords: Animal Feed; Mussels; Safety
{"title":"Heavy metals in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis: Are they safe as animal feeds?","authors":"C. Yap, W. Tan, W. Cheng, S. Peng, C. W. Yap, and Mohamad Saupi Ismail","doi":"10.36811/jvsr.2021.110016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2021.110016","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the cited data of Cd and Pb levels in the green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) with established maximum limits of both metals by European Union (EU) legislation for animal feeds. It was found that most mussel populations from Malaysia (90% for Cd; 87.5% for Pb) and Hong Kong (96.2% for Cd; 100% for Pb) were found to have lower levels of Cd and Pb than the maximum limits for animal feeds by EU. Therefore, both toxic metals based on the feeds of mussel meats on the animals should not pose serious toxicological effects. However, the meat of P. viridis are potential animal feeds similarly to the fish meal. Considering the accumulation of metals in the long term, future biomonitoring of Cd and Pb should focus on animal feed materials on mussel-based origins.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Animal Feed; Mussels; Safety","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79017677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2021.110015
Suleiman Nasiru, Bulama Ibrahim, L. S. Bilbis, S. Yusuf, A. Abbas, S. Buhari, A. Jimoh
Background: Researches over the years have identified excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death as key contributors underlying progression of lesion in ischaemic stroke (IS). This study reports the effect of vitamin C and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the management of ischaemic stroke (IS) in Wistar rats. Method: Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were induced with IS by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anxiety like behavior and locomotor activity assessments were carried out. Group 1was treated with vitamin C (67.5mg/kg) and group 2 with DMSO (67.5mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Group 4 was neither induced nor treated. Brain tissue homogenates (cerebral cortex) were assessed for the level of calcium binding protein (S100B), antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalae (CAT), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx)] gene expressions, BCL2, Bax and Caspase3. Result: The results of this study showed that in the IS rats, there was significant (P<0.05) increase in anxiety and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the locomotor activity. There was also significant (P<0.05) increase in S100B, caspase 3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in BCL2. Treatment with vitamin C and DMSO resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the locomotor activity and significant (P<0.05) decrease in anxiety. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of SOD, CAT and GPx genes. Also, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in S100B level, caspase-3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) increase in BCL2. Conclusion: Conclusively, the results of this research highlighted the potentials for the use of vitamin C and DMSO in the management of IS. Keywords: Stroke; Antioxidant; Locomotor; Neuro-Behavioural; Dimethylsulfoxide Apoptosis; Oxidative Stress
{"title":"Effects of Vitamin C and Dimethylsulfoxide (Dmso) on Neuro-Behaviour, Apoptosis and oxidative stress in ischaemic stroke induced rats","authors":"Suleiman Nasiru, Bulama Ibrahim, L. S. Bilbis, S. Yusuf, A. Abbas, S. Buhari, A. Jimoh","doi":"10.36811/jvsr.2021.110015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2021.110015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Researches over the years have identified excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death as key contributors underlying progression of lesion in ischaemic stroke (IS). This study reports the effect of vitamin C and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the management of ischaemic stroke (IS) in Wistar rats.\u0000\u0000Method: Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were induced with IS by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anxiety like behavior and locomotor activity assessments were carried out. Group 1was treated with vitamin C (67.5mg/kg) and group 2 with DMSO (67.5mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Group 4 was neither induced nor treated. Brain tissue homogenates (cerebral cortex) were assessed for the level of calcium binding protein (S100B), antioxidant enzymes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalae (CAT), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx)] gene expressions, BCL2, Bax and Caspase3.\u0000\u0000Result: The results of this study showed that in the IS rats, there was significant (P<0.05) increase in anxiety and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the locomotor activity. There was also significant (P<0.05) increase in S100B, caspase 3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in BCL2. Treatment with vitamin C and DMSO resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the locomotor activity and significant (P<0.05) decrease in anxiety. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of SOD, CAT and GPx genes. Also, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in S100B level, caspase-3 and Bax expressions, while there was significant (P<0.05) increase in BCL2. Conclusion: Conclusively, the results of this research highlighted the potentials for the use of vitamin C and DMSO in the management of IS.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Stroke; Antioxidant; Locomotor; Neuro-Behavioural; Dimethylsulfoxide Apoptosis; Oxidative Stress","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2021.110014
Drazen Duricic, M. Samardžija
Traditional knowledge of plants and their preparations used for the treatment of animal diseases was passed down orally from generation to generation, so there are no written records or they are very rare. This study is based on the first documentation of ethnoveterinary knowledge for indigestion or diarrhoea treatment in cattle on the Bilogora hills in northwestern Croatia. Data collection was conducted from 2008 until 2018, in eighteen villages of four municipalities in the Koprivni?ko-križeva?ka county, Croatia. Plant specimens were well known, in addition they were confirmed and identified by the skilled botanist. Nine plant species: flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), hazelwort (Asarum europaeum L.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), white willow (Salix alba L.), common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) from 7 botanical families were documented. Decoction and herbal tea were the most common preparation methods. The most often used plants to treat mild diarrhea in cattle were chamomile and broad-leaved dock, and for hard, watery diarrhoea bark of sweet chestnut and sessile oak. The most often used plants to treat indigestion in cattle were hazelwort, chamomille, and flaxseed. Farmers used mostly leaves (about 57%), flowers and stems (more than 25%), bark (about 13%), branches, and seeds (5%) for herbal preparations. Thus the aim of the present study is to document that ethnoveterinary tradition for the next generations. Keywords: Cattle; Diarrhoea; Ethnoveterinary; Indigestion
{"title":"Traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge of indigestion or diarrhoea treatments in cattle on the Bilogora hills in Croatia","authors":"Drazen Duricic, M. Samardžija","doi":"10.36811/jvsr.2021.110014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2021.110014","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional knowledge of plants and their preparations used for the treatment of animal diseases was passed down orally from generation to generation, so there are no written records or they are very rare. This study is based on the first documentation of ethnoveterinary knowledge for indigestion or diarrhoea treatment in cattle on the Bilogora hills in northwestern Croatia. Data collection was conducted from 2008 until 2018, in eighteen villages of four municipalities in the Koprivni?ko-križeva?ka county, Croatia. Plant specimens were well known, in addition they were confirmed and identified by the skilled botanist. Nine plant species: flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), hazelwort (Asarum europaeum L.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.), common oak (Quercus robur L.), white willow (Salix alba L.), common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) from 7 botanical families were documented. Decoction and herbal tea were the most common preparation methods. The most often used plants to treat mild diarrhea in cattle were chamomile and broad-leaved dock, and for hard, watery diarrhoea bark of sweet chestnut and sessile oak. The most often used plants to treat indigestion in cattle were hazelwort, chamomille, and flaxseed. Farmers used mostly leaves (about 57%), flowers and stems (more than 25%), bark (about 13%), branches, and seeds (5%) for herbal preparations. Thus the aim of the present study is to document that ethnoveterinary tradition for the next generations.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Cattle; Diarrhoea; Ethnoveterinary; Indigestion","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77048890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-17DOI: 10.36811/jvsr.2021.110013
Galma Boneya Arero
Neonatal calf mortality is one of the important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. A successful dairy farm operation requires that a large percentage of cows wean a live healthy calf every year. However, in many developing countries, a large number of calves die during the early neonatal life, this causing heavy economic loss. This is due to several infectious (bacterial, viral, and protozoal) and non-infectious factors (management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygiene, and pathogens) play an important role in calf rearing. This paper aims to review major infectious causes of neonatal calf mortality. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past from many parts of the world using both retrospective and prospective data sources to document the major causes of calf mortality. Of the infectious diseases of calves, neonatal diarrhea is a matter of major concern, and multiple etiological agents from viruses (Bovine rotavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus) from bacteria (Salmonella spp, Escherichia-coli, and Clostridium perfringens) from protozoal (Cryptosporidium-parvum) have been identified as major causes of neonatal calf mortality. Among the infectious agents, rotavirus and E. coli are mainly involved in the causation of neonatal calf diarrhea which leads to high mortality and morbidity in young calves. E. coli mainly plays its role up to the second week of life whereas, rotavirus up to the third week. Generally, early calf mortality leading to economic losses due to the cost of treatment, prophylaxis, increased susceptibility to other infections, reduced growth rates, and death of calves. Keywords: Calf Mortality; Infectious Diseases; Diarrhea
{"title":"Review on Common Infectious Diseases of Neonatal Calves","authors":"Galma Boneya Arero","doi":"10.36811/jvsr.2021.110013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36811/jvsr.2021.110013","url":null,"abstract":"Neonatal calf mortality is one of the important problems of calf rearing in dairy farms worldwide. A successful dairy farm operation requires that a large percentage of cows wean a live healthy calf every year. However, in many developing countries, a large number of calves die during the early neonatal life, this causing heavy economic loss. This is due to several infectious (bacterial, viral, and protozoal) and non-infectious factors (management around birth, colostrum management, calf housing, feeding system, hygiene, and pathogens) play an important role in calf rearing. This paper aims to review major infectious causes of neonatal calf mortality. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past from many parts of the world using both retrospective and prospective data sources to document the major causes of calf mortality. Of the infectious diseases of calves, neonatal diarrhea is a matter of major concern, and multiple etiological agents from viruses (Bovine rotavirus, Bovine coronavirus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus) from bacteria (Salmonella spp, Escherichia-coli, and Clostridium perfringens) from protozoal (Cryptosporidium-parvum) have been identified as major causes of neonatal calf mortality. Among the infectious agents, rotavirus and E. coli are mainly involved in the causation of neonatal calf diarrhea which leads to high mortality and morbidity in young calves. E. coli mainly plays its role up to the second week of life whereas, rotavirus up to the third week. Generally, early calf mortality leading to economic losses due to the cost of treatment, prophylaxis, increased susceptibility to other infections, reduced growth rates, and death of calves.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Calf Mortality; Infectious Diseases; Diarrhea","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87420147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In animal research systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been playing an important role improving the quality of evidence that professionals use worldwide. However, it is claimed that it is in its initial stage of development. In veterinary medicine the heterogeneity in the evaluation of variables of exposure and response makes it difficult to gather the data results for a meta-analysis and evidence-based rapid reviews and other types of reviews can accelerate the way how we obtain this information and a problem-solving approach can be developed in the veterinary medicine field.
{"title":"Evidence-based Rapid Review to Approach Diagnostic Test Research. A Veterinary Practitioners Opinion","authors":"J. A. Arenas, Jeff M. Pérez","doi":"10.30564/VSR.V3I1.2633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/VSR.V3I1.2633","url":null,"abstract":"In animal research systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been playing an important role improving the quality of evidence that professionals use worldwide. However, it is claimed that it is in its initial stage of development. In veterinary medicine the heterogeneity in the evaluation of variables of exposure and response makes it difficult to gather the data results for a meta-analysis and evidence-based rapid reviews and other types of reviews can accelerate the way how we obtain this information and a problem-solving approach can be developed in the veterinary medicine field.","PeriodicalId":17588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Science and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81953266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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