The aim of this article is to stress the major importance of drama in our life. That it is not just a source of entertainment that could be replaced. Illustrating its history the researcher shows how deeply rooted in our lives it goes. This is established through the application of the descriptive surveying method. Synopses of Ibsen’s work as a pioneer in using drama to inflict social reform are provided. We conclude with the new progressive branching of the use of drama for different purposes
{"title":"Drama as a Tool for Social Reform: with Reference to Henrik Ibsen","authors":"H. Ismail","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.79","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to stress the major importance of drama in our life. That it is not just a source of entertainment that could be replaced. Illustrating its history the researcher shows how deeply rooted in our lives it goes. This is established through the application of the descriptive surveying method. Synopses of Ibsen’s work as a pioneer in using drama to inflict social reform are provided. We conclude with the new progressive branching of the use of drama for different purposes","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132889797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amin Mohamed Ahmed MohyAldin, Yasser Osman Jamaan Omer
This paper aims to look at the present situation of teaching composition writing in three states, namely, The Red Sea State, River Nile State, and Khartoum State. The study problem lies in that students face difficulties in writing a composition which are related to the content, organization and expression of composition writing. The research has adopted the descriptive method since it suits the nature and aim of the study. In order to carry out this methodology, the investigators used structured interviews of fifteen questions to obtain information from teachers of English at secondary schools in these states about composition writing and an observation checklist to observe what actually done by the teachers of English when they teach their students a composition lesson. The study comes up to very significant results. The most important ones are: students confront many and various difficulties when they attempt to write an English composition and that neither guided nor free composition writing can achieve the main objectives of teaching an English composition. Based on the study results, the study recommendations are suggested. The most significant ones are: composition writing should be as realistic as possible as it is a mean of communication and teachers should bear in mind that the two types of composition, guided and free, are different and that acquiring one doesn’t ensure improving the other since students will acquire what they have practised.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Current Status of Teaching Composition Writing","authors":"Amin Mohamed Ahmed MohyAldin, Yasser Osman Jamaan Omer","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.83","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to look at the present situation of teaching composition writing in three states, namely, The Red Sea State, River Nile State, and Khartoum State. The study problem lies in that students face difficulties in writing a composition which are related to the content, organization and expression of composition writing. The research has adopted the descriptive method since it suits the nature and aim of the study. In order to carry out this methodology, the investigators used structured interviews of fifteen questions to obtain information from teachers of English at secondary schools in these states about composition writing and an observation checklist to observe what actually done by the teachers of English when they teach their students a composition lesson. The study comes up to very significant results. The most important ones are: students confront many and various difficulties when they attempt to write an English composition and that neither guided nor free composition writing can achieve the main objectives of teaching an English composition. Based on the study results, the study recommendations are suggested. The most significant ones are: composition writing should be as realistic as possible as it is a mean of communication and teachers should bear in mind that the two types of composition, guided and free, are different and that acquiring one doesn’t ensure improving the other since students will acquire what they have practised.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130005136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decline of English language standards among Sudanese university students and graduates has become one of the issues preoccupying public opinion in Sudan. Media, employers, parents, and school and university teachers are concerned about the falling standards of English language among Sudanese students and graduates. The present study investigated the impact of the medium of instruction on the English language proficiency of Sudanese medical students. An English language-writing test was employed to assess the English language proficiency of two groups of students; namely, a group that studied through the medium of English, and a group that studied through the medium of Arabic. The English-medium students were second-year medical students at Khartoum University, Sudan, while the Arabic-medium students were second-year medical students at Gezira University, Sudan. A sample of 151 students was chosen from the former group, and a sample of 155 students was chosen from the latter group. An independent samples t-test was conducted. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in the English language proficiency of English-medium students and Arabic-medium students (t =12.369, p =.000). Thus, English-medium students performed significantly better than Arabic-medium students in the English proficiency test.
苏丹大学生和毕业生英语水平的下降已经成为苏丹公众舆论关注的问题之一。媒体、雇主、家长、学校和大学教师都担心苏丹学生和毕业生的英语水平下降。本研究调查了教学媒介对苏丹医科学生英语语言能力的影响。采用英语语言写作测试评估两组学生的英语语言能力;也就是说，一组通过英语学习，另一组通过阿拉伯语学习。以英语授课的学生是苏丹喀土穆大学医学院二年级学生，以阿拉伯语授课的学生是苏丹Gezira大学医学院二年级学生。从前一组中选取了151名学生，从后一组中选取了155名学生。采用独立样本t检验。结果显示，英语为中等语言的学生与阿拉伯语为中等语言的学生在英语语言能力上有统计学上的显著差异(t =12.369, p =.000)。因此，英语中等学生在英语水平测试中的表现显著优于阿拉伯语中等学生。
{"title":"Medium of Instruction Policy Change in Sudan: its Impact on the English Language Proficiency of Sudanese Medical Students","authors":"Mohamed A. G. Bakhit, Mohamed Younis Mohamed","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.80","url":null,"abstract":"The decline of English language standards among Sudanese university students and graduates has become one of the issues preoccupying public opinion in Sudan. Media, employers, parents, and school and university teachers are concerned about the falling standards of English language among Sudanese students and graduates. The present study investigated the impact of the medium of instruction on the English language proficiency of Sudanese medical students. An English language-writing test was employed to assess the English language proficiency of two groups of students; namely, a group that studied through the medium of English, and a group that studied through the medium of Arabic. The English-medium students were second-year medical students at Khartoum University, Sudan, while the Arabic-medium students were second-year medical students at Gezira University, Sudan. A sample of 151 students was chosen from the former group, and a sample of 155 students was chosen from the latter group. An independent samples t-test was conducted. The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in the English language proficiency of English-medium students and Arabic-medium students (t =12.369, p =.000). Thus, English-medium students performed significantly better than Arabic-medium students in the English proficiency test.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121842004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study has been made to measure a student’s attitude towards using critical thinking methodologies in teaching English literature. This is a descriptive study. Three of the critical thinking methodologies and strategies will be used in this study: 1. Know, want to know, Learn (KWL) 2. Mix, Freeze, Pair 3. What? So What? Now What? The tool used in this study is a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been designed to measure Student's attitude towards the use of critical thinking in teaching literature. The population of this study are students in the third-year secondary school who choose Literature section in the Sudanese Certificate Examination. The sample of the study is students in the third-year secondary school, Hamad Modern School for girls, Khartoum State, Khartoum North Locality. The main finding is if critical thinking methodologies used properly; students will give a positive attitude towards learning English literature and they will be able to deal with high-order thinking skills, i.e. they will be able to analyze and emphasize the story, besides, students can create their own style to enjoy the story.
{"title":"Student's Attitude Towards the Use of Critical Thinking Methods in Teaching English Literature – A Case Study of Khartoum State, Khartoum North Locality","authors":"H. Hamza","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.78","url":null,"abstract":"The study has been made to measure a student’s attitude towards using critical thinking methodologies in teaching English literature. This is a descriptive study. Three of the critical thinking methodologies and strategies will be used in this study: 1. Know, want to know, Learn (KWL) 2. Mix, Freeze, Pair 3. What? So What? Now What? The tool used in this study is a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been designed to measure Student's attitude towards the use of critical thinking in teaching literature. The population of this study are students in the third-year secondary school who choose Literature section in the Sudanese Certificate Examination. The sample of the study is students in the third-year secondary school, Hamad Modern School for girls, Khartoum State, Khartoum North Locality. The main finding is if critical thinking methodologies used properly; students will give a positive attitude towards learning English literature and they will be able to deal with high-order thinking skills, i.e. they will be able to analyze and emphasize the story, besides, students can create their own style to enjoy the story.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133278773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Eldaw, Wijdan Fatah-Allah Bashir Ibrahim, A. Hamad
This present study was conducted in ElObied secondary schools during 2016-2017. The objective of the study was to investigate the activities that motivate students to learn the English language in Elobeid secondary schools, also, to identify the effect of these activities in achieving knowledge which contributes in improving the English language. The primary data were collected via questionnaires were distributed to 40 teachers of long teaching careers. The descriptive statistic was followed for data analysis. The study found that: teaching students by using motivational activities such as (problems solving, role play, and match picture with statement, communication and conversations activities) are very effective and lead to improving student's level in the English language. The study recommended that: teachers at the secondary level should focus on such activities in their teaching; also, they should give their students’ needs, attitudes, inclinations and aptitudes more importance.
{"title":"Activities that Motivate Students to Learn the English Language - A Case Study at Elobeid Secondary Schools","authors":"A. Eldaw, Wijdan Fatah-Allah Bashir Ibrahim, A. Hamad","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.81","url":null,"abstract":"This present study was conducted in ElObied secondary schools during 2016-2017. The objective of the study was to investigate the activities that motivate students to learn the English language in Elobeid secondary schools, also, to identify the effect of these activities in achieving knowledge which contributes in improving the English language. The primary data were collected via questionnaires were distributed to 40 teachers of long teaching careers. The descriptive statistic was followed for data analysis. The study found that: teaching students by using motivational activities such as (problems solving, role play, and match picture with statement, communication and conversations activities) are very effective and lead to improving student's level in the English language. The study recommended that: teachers at the secondary level should focus on such activities in their teaching; also, they should give their students’ needs, attitudes, inclinations and aptitudes more importance.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129691472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spite of the long period of time that has elapsed since monster first appeared in English and Arabic literature, monsters still have both remarkable and effective roles in their literary texts. The roles of monster that have been created over the centuries by their writers are an indicative of the fears and the needs of societies for these monsters, thus they are modified and developed to reflect social anxieties. The aspects of onomastic meanings redo the roles of the monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad; they show entirely the exact roles and characteristics of the monster to the readers. The monster’s names that are given by other characters in the novel can be used as devices to indicate the variety of literary purposes: to emphasize a certain aspect of society which Saadawi is writing on, or even the more traditional method of naming with the express intent of identifying a certain trait or expectation of the monster’s personality. Saadawi names his monster several names in order to convey specific purposes. Each name has separately purpose, and simultaneously, all names have a common goal they have to achieve. The monster in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) by Mary Shelley (English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer) has mainly affecting on the monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) (Arabic Fiction) by Ahmed Saadawi (Iraqi novelist, poet and screenwriter).
{"title":"The Impact of Shelley's Frankenstein of Saadawi's Frankenstein","authors":"H. Nur, Saif Latif M. Alssafy","doi":"10.53332/elij.v2i.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.v2i.82","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the long period of time that has elapsed since monster first appeared in English and Arabic literature, monsters still have both remarkable and effective roles in their literary texts. The roles of monster that have been created over the centuries by their writers are an indicative of the fears and the needs of societies for these monsters, thus they are modified and developed to reflect social anxieties. The aspects of onomastic meanings redo the roles of the monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad; they show entirely the exact roles and characteristics of the monster to the readers. The monster’s names that are given by other characters in the novel can be used as devices to indicate the variety of literary purposes: to emphasize a certain aspect of society which Saadawi is writing on, or even the more traditional method of naming with the express intent of identifying a certain trait or expectation of the monster’s personality. Saadawi names his monster several names in order to convey specific purposes. Each name has separately purpose, and simultaneously, all names have a common goal they have to achieve. The monster in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) by Mary Shelley (English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer) has mainly affecting on the monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) (Arabic Fiction) by Ahmed Saadawi (Iraqi novelist, poet and screenwriter).","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129293139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Mohammed Albloly, Tag Elsir Hassan Bashoum El-Amin
This research article tackles “the applicability of CALL in teaching EFL based on Sudanese EFL teachers’ attitudes”. The researchers utilized quantitative and experimental methods using two data gathering tools for the study in question: The first is the questionnaire is administered to (50) different EFL Sudanese universities and colleges teachers, andsecond one is pre and post-tests given to an experimental group consisting of (30) students of English in the second year selected from the Department of English in the Faculty Education at the University of Kassala; they were taught reading comprehension lessons through the use of computers. The data obtained from the questionnaire and the two have been computationally processed with the SPSS program to check the truth hypotheses, to reflect the Sudanese EFL teachers’ perceptions towards the integration CALL in teaching EFL and to see to what an extent there is a significant impact integration of CALL on the students’ performance. Finally, Sudanese EFL teachers through this study recommend strongly the ultimate integration of CALL in teaching EFL.
{"title":"The Applicability of CALL in Teaching EFL Based on Sudanese Universities Teachers’ Attitudes","authors":"Amir Mohammed Albloly, Tag Elsir Hassan Bashoum El-Amin","doi":"10.53332/elij.vi1.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.vi1.206","url":null,"abstract":"This research article tackles “the applicability of CALL in teaching EFL based on Sudanese EFL teachers’ attitudes”. The researchers utilized quantitative and experimental methods using two data gathering tools for the study in question: The first is the questionnaire is administered to (50) different EFL Sudanese universities and colleges teachers, andsecond one is pre and post-tests given to an experimental group consisting of (30) students of English in the second year selected from the Department of English in the Faculty Education at the University of Kassala; they were taught reading comprehension lessons through the use of computers. The data obtained from the questionnaire and the two have been computationally processed with the SPSS program to check the truth hypotheses, to reflect the Sudanese EFL teachers’ perceptions towards the integration CALL in teaching EFL and to see to what an extent there is a significant impact integration of CALL on the students’ performance. Finally, Sudanese EFL teachers through this study recommend strongly the ultimate integration of CALL in teaching EFL.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122055887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate the linguistic problems confronted by Saudi students majoring in English language and literature at Prince Sattam Bim Abdulaziz University (PSAU) when they translate from Arabic into English. The study adopted the quantitative approach in data collection. Students written assignments were linguistically analyzed. Results revealed that the students suffer from a variety of grammatical problems that hinder them from translating Arabic into English correctly. The students also have difficulty with vocabulary. They could not find the most suitable English equivalent of Arabic words that suits the context. This study provides some recommendations related to students’ admission to the English department, the syllabus, teaching methodology, and assessment.
{"title":"A Study of the Linguistic Problems Faced by Saudi English Language Students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU) when Translating from Arabic into English","authors":"A. Mohammed","doi":"10.53332/elij.vi1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.vi1.205","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the linguistic problems confronted by Saudi students majoring in English language and literature at Prince Sattam Bim Abdulaziz University (PSAU) when they translate from Arabic into English. The study adopted the quantitative approach in data collection. Students written assignments were linguistically analyzed. Results revealed that the students suffer from a variety of grammatical problems that hinder them from translating Arabic into English correctly. The students also have difficulty with vocabulary. They could not find the most suitable English equivalent of Arabic words that suits the context. This study provides some recommendations related to students’ admission to the English department, the syllabus, teaching methodology, and assessment.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129825540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prize-winning novel in literary horror after the occupation of Iraq, Frankestien in Baghdad (2013) is a story about a monster who is created from the remains of bombing victims, which are often treated as garbage. This paper is about the concept of violence in Frankestien. The paper shows how Ahmed Al This study examines how the monster in the novel gives a voice to contemporary fears of society and what sorts of fears of the monstrosity are highlighted. To illustrate this claim, different roles of the nameless monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad are analyzed. The present study furthermore discusses how violence is represented as the main theme in the novel, how far the supernatural monster in Ahmed Saadawi's Arabic Booker Prize-winning novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2014) is a social construct and how he has reflected the violence and political dimensions in Iraqi society during 2005 to 2013.
{"title":"The Concept of Violence in Frankenstein in Baghdad","authors":"Saif Latif Manthur","doi":"10.53332/elij.vi1.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.vi1.209","url":null,"abstract":"A prize-winning novel in literary horror after the occupation of Iraq, Frankestien in Baghdad (2013) is a story about a monster who is created from the remains of bombing victims, which are often treated as garbage. This paper is about the concept of violence in Frankestien. The paper shows how Ahmed Al This study examines how the monster in the novel gives a voice to contemporary fears of society and what sorts of fears of the monstrosity are highlighted. To illustrate this claim, different roles of the nameless monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad are analyzed. The present study furthermore discusses how violence is represented as the main theme in the novel, how far the supernatural monster in Ahmed Saadawi's Arabic Booker Prize-winning novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2014) is a social construct and how he has reflected the violence and political dimensions in Iraqi society during 2005 to 2013.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper sheds light on E. M. Forster’s attack against British imperialism in colonial India. It argues that acquiring an official position in the imperialistic administration makes Anglo-Indians so poignant that they start making racial prejudgments about the Indians. This attitude, of course, leads to damage the possibility of establishing friendship between the Indians and the British. The novelist also argues that the inability of comprehending the echo in the caves is yet another cultural barrier; it prevents crossing the bridge between the East and the West. Due to their frustration of establishing friendship with the British, the Indians start fighting for freedom. This paper concludes by highlighting the possibility of future friendship between the British and the Indians.
{"title":"A Passage to India: A Critique of Imperialism","authors":"H. Nur, Haider Mohammed Mezaal","doi":"10.53332/elij.vi1.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53332/elij.vi1.208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sheds light on E. M. Forster’s attack against British imperialism in colonial India. It argues that acquiring an official position in the imperialistic administration makes Anglo-Indians so poignant that they start making racial prejudgments about the Indians. This attitude, of course, leads to damage the possibility of establishing friendship between the Indians and the British. The novelist also argues that the inability of comprehending the echo in the caves is yet another cultural barrier; it prevents crossing the bridge between the East and the West. Due to their frustration of establishing friendship with the British, the Indians start fighting for freedom. This paper concludes by highlighting the possibility of future friendship between the British and the Indians.","PeriodicalId":176295,"journal":{"name":"English Language Institute Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115027709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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