Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.2
In this study, natural ingredients were added to bio-soaps, synthesized from castor oil, a plant-derived ingredient, to improve the detergency, anti-bacterial, and stability capabilities (saponin from Soapacean fruit and essential oil of chamomile) of such soap. The saponin from soapnut fruit was extracted by an extraction process based on ethanol extraction. The saponin concentration in the extract was determined by the UV-Vis spectroscopy method. By evaluating the height and stability of the foam column, the surface tension using the Du Noüy method, and critical micelle concentrations (CMC), we looked into the efficiency of saponin in enhancing soap properties. The results show that saponin will reduce the value of CMC and, at the same time, expand the working limit of soap in brackish water and hard water (containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions). In addition, the presence of saponins and α-Bisabolol essential oil enhanced the anti-bacterial properties of the soap. These results expand the possibility of using natural substances in making green products that are clean and safe for humans and the environment.
{"title":"Improvement of Detergency Properties and Anti-Microbial Action of Biosoaps Using Saponin-Rich Extract and Α-Bisabolol Essential Oil","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, natural ingredients were added to bio-soaps, synthesized from castor oil, a plant-derived ingredient, to improve the detergency, anti-bacterial, and stability capabilities (saponin from Soapacean fruit and essential oil of chamomile) of such soap. The saponin from soapnut fruit was extracted by an extraction process based on ethanol extraction. The saponin concentration in the extract was determined by the UV-Vis spectroscopy method. By evaluating the height and stability of the foam column, the surface tension using the Du Noüy method, and critical micelle concentrations (CMC), we looked into the efficiency of saponin in enhancing soap properties. The results show that saponin will reduce the value of CMC and, at the same time, expand the working limit of soap in brackish water and hard water (containing Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions). In addition, the presence of saponins and α-Bisabolol essential oil enhanced the anti-bacterial properties of the soap. These results expand the possibility of using natural substances in making green products that are clean and safe for humans and the environment.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91473960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.1
The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for determining geographical origin of black pepper based on combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric algorithms. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the geographical origin of 111 black pepper samples from three regions in Vietnam: North Central Region, Central Highlands and Southeast Region. A portable NIR spectrometer was used to collect the spectra of intact black pepper. Support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were established and the identification effect of these models with different pre-processing methods were optimized and compared. By using support vector machine (SVM) classification and standard normal variate (SNV) spectral pre-processing, classification accuracy was 98.7% on the calibration and 100% on the validation sets for the determination of origin of black pepper. This study has demonstrated that portable spectrometers can be effective tools to use in the classification of black pepper samples according to their geographical origin.
{"title":"Rapid Identification of the Geographical Origin of Black Pepper in Vietnam Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.164.etsd.2023.33.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for determining geographical origin of black pepper based on combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric algorithms. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the geographical origin of 111 black pepper samples from three regions in Vietnam: North Central Region, Central Highlands and Southeast Region. A portable NIR spectrometer was used to collect the spectra of intact black pepper. Support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) were established and the identification effect of these models with different pre-processing methods were optimized and compared. By using support vector machine (SVM) classification and standard normal variate (SNV) spectral pre-processing, classification accuracy was 98.7% on the calibration and 100% on the validation sets for the determination of origin of black pepper. This study has demonstrated that portable spectrometers can be effective tools to use in the classification of black pepper samples according to their geographical origin.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82144729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.7
Vietnam has many traditional copper casting craft villages from the North to the South, which resulting in large amounts of copper smelter slag containing Zn, Cu, Al, etc. In this study, zinc oxide and copper metal have been recovered from brass smelter slag (71.80 wt.% ZnO and 10.32 wt.% CuO) by a hydrometallurgical process. The brass smelter slag was leached in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 125–225 g/L H2SO4 at a leaching temperature of 30–70 ºC for 30–120 min. The extraction percentage of Cu and Zn was obtained at 80.26% and 81.71%, respectively. The optimal leaching condition was determined as 175 g/L H2SO4 at 50 ºC for 90 min. The leaching solution was purified by removing Fe, Mn and Al, etc. via oxidizing the ion Fe2+ to Fe3+ and having a pH of 5.5. The solution was continuously cemented by Zn metal at 60 oC for 60 min to obtain Cu metal with a high purity of 98.52 wt.% Cu. The solution purification with 85.43 g/L Zn was adjusted to a pH value of 8-8.5 to precipitate zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2. The precipitate was calcinated at 600 ºC for 120 min to obtain ZnO (98.65 wt.%). The recovery of copper and zinc has become crucial due to the increasing prices of these metals and environmental factors involved.
{"title":"Recovery of ZnO and Cu from Brass Smelter Slag by Hydrometallurgy Process","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam has many traditional copper casting craft villages from the North to the South, which resulting in large amounts of copper smelter slag containing Zn, Cu, Al, etc. In this study, zinc oxide and copper metal have been recovered from brass smelter slag (71.80 wt.% ZnO and 10.32 wt.% CuO) by a hydrometallurgical process. The brass smelter slag was leached in sulfuric acid with a concentration of 125–225 g/L H2SO4 at a leaching temperature of 30–70 ºC for 30–120 min. The extraction percentage of Cu and Zn was obtained at 80.26% and 81.71%, respectively. The optimal leaching condition was determined as 175 g/L H2SO4 at 50 ºC for 90 min. The leaching solution was purified by removing Fe, Mn and Al, etc. via oxidizing the ion Fe2+ to Fe3+ and having a pH of 5.5. The solution was continuously cemented by Zn metal at 60 oC for 60 min to obtain Cu metal with a high purity of 98.52 wt.% Cu. The solution purification with 85.43 g/L Zn was adjusted to a pH value of 8-8.5 to precipitate zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2. The precipitate was calcinated at 600 ºC for 120 min to obtain ZnO (98.65 wt.%). The recovery of copper and zinc has become crucial due to the increasing prices of these metals and environmental factors involved.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83431355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.3
The study aims to analyze the automatic pattern design process using the CAD Accumark Gerber system. The basic pattern was made by the wizard tool of Accumark after that creating the MTM pattern. The made-to-measure (MTM) pattern is cut and sewn using a standard-sized base pattern, then constructed to fit each customer individually. According to the research, the basic MTM patterns were changed in the important points of body measurements for pattern design by grading rules and alteration rules based on the research of Vietnam Textile Research Institute JSC No 089.10 RD/HĐ-KHCN. The basic pattern has been designed from size tables of women's clothing, then adjusted the sample measurements to create the MTM pattern. The result of the study was a women's pant basic sample pattern, a guide of grading rule pattern size, alteration point numbering, alteration rule, and size code of the women's pants to design and adjustment on the Gerber’s system used for making the MTM pattern apparel manufacturing process.
本研究的目的是分析使用CAD Accumark Gerber系统的自动图案设计过程。在创建MTM图案后，使用Accumark的向导工具制作基本图案。定制(MTM)模式是使用标准尺寸的基本模式切割和缝制，然后构建以适合每个客户单独。根据研究，根据越南纺织研究所JSC No . 089.10 RD/HĐ-KHCN的研究，采用分级规则和变更规则对基本MTM图案在图案设计中重要的体尺寸点进行了更改。根据女装尺寸表设计基本图案，然后调整样品尺寸，形成MTM图案。研究的结果是一个女式裤子的基本样版，一个女式裤子的分级规则样版尺寸、改样点编号、改样规则和尺码代码的指南，用于在Gerber系统上设计和调整，用于制作MTM图案服装制造过程。
{"title":"The Study of Automatic Pattern Generation for MTM Product on Gerber’s Accumark Software","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the automatic pattern design process using the CAD Accumark Gerber system. The basic pattern was made by the wizard tool of Accumark after that creating the MTM pattern. The made-to-measure (MTM) pattern is cut and sewn using a standard-sized base pattern, then constructed to fit each customer individually. According to the research, the basic MTM patterns were changed in the important points of body measurements for pattern design by grading rules and alteration rules based on the research of Vietnam Textile Research Institute JSC No 089.10 RD/HĐ-KHCN. The basic pattern has been designed from size tables of women's clothing, then adjusted the sample measurements to create the MTM pattern. The result of the study was a women's pant basic sample pattern, a guide of grading rule pattern size, alteration point numbering, alteration rule, and size code of the women's pants to design and adjustment on the Gerber’s system used for making the MTM pattern apparel manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88202621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.10
Airflow around the car side mirrors is one of the sensitivity zones in which the airflow is separated and detached from the mirror flat side. The turbulence created by this flow detachment can affect the airflow to the main body of the car which lies behind the mirror. The turbulent structures of airflow exert directly on the lateral panels that causes the reduction of the car performance due to the increased drag, the source of noise and vibration, and so on. Consequently, the analysis of airflow structure allows for better understanding of the aerodynamic phenomena that is the origin of noise source and provides design information to improve and optimize the side mirrors. In this paper, the focus lies on the aerodynamic noise simulation by analyzing the turbulent flow structure and predict the external acoustic field using k-ε and LES turbulent modeling approaches. The numerical results are compared to the experimental results with only 6.7% error in static pressure on the mirror surfaces. The simulation results showed that the spectra of sound pressure level with LES model is close to experimental data than that with k-ε model.
{"title":"Aerodynamic Noise Simulation of a Car Side Mirror at Hight Speed","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"Airflow around the car side mirrors is one of the sensitivity zones in which the airflow is separated and detached from the mirror flat side. The turbulence created by this flow detachment can affect the airflow to the main body of the car which lies behind the mirror. The turbulent structures of airflow exert directly on the lateral panels that causes the reduction of the car performance due to the increased drag, the source of noise and vibration, and so on. Consequently, the analysis of airflow structure allows for better understanding of the aerodynamic phenomena that is the origin of noise source and provides design information to improve and optimize the side mirrors. In this paper, the focus lies on the aerodynamic noise simulation by analyzing the turbulent flow structure and predict the external acoustic field using k-ε and LES turbulent modeling approaches. The numerical results are compared to the experimental results with only 6.7% error in static pressure on the mirror surfaces. The simulation results showed that the spectra of sound pressure level with LES model is close to experimental data than that with k-ε model.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84522939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.4
The study aims to classify somatotype of Vietnamese middle-aged male living in Ho Chi Minh City. Thirty-two 3D anthropometric body measurements from 378 men aged from 30 to 60 are comprehensively studied. The results of the study are as follows: Three independent factors were extracted using factor analysis for cluster analysis, then classified into five body types. Group 1, accounting for 16.4%, is "short and proportional" body type with short height stature and normal body proportions but high waist, small thighs and chest, small neck and narrow shoulder. Group 2 can be called “short and fat” body type, accounting for 35.19%, is a low height stature and obesity level I with small thighs and knees, developed neck and shoulder. Group 3, accounting for 25.13%, is "medium height and fat" body type with average height stature and obesity level I, large girths and broad breadths, large neck and square shoulder. Group 4, accounting for 12.96%, is an overweight body group with tall height stature, long leg, narrow back and square shoulder, and it can be called "tall and proportional” body type. Finally, group 5 which accounting for 10.32%, is "tall and proportional” body type which characterized as obesity level I, tall stature, long leg, broad back and slope shoulder. This study contributes to the study of body type and anthropometric data in building avatar for digital fashion design software, at the same time contributing to the research and development of the size system for Vietnamese middle-aged male.
{"title":"Classification of Body Types of Vietnamese Middle-Aged Men in Ho Chi Minh City","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to classify somatotype of Vietnamese middle-aged male living in Ho Chi Minh City. Thirty-two 3D anthropometric body measurements from 378 men aged from 30 to 60 are comprehensively studied. The results of the study are as follows: Three independent factors were extracted using factor analysis for cluster analysis, then classified into five body types. Group 1, accounting for 16.4%, is \"short and proportional\" body type with short height stature and normal body proportions but high waist, small thighs and chest, small neck and narrow shoulder. Group 2 can be called “short and fat” body type, accounting for 35.19%, is a low height stature and obesity level I with small thighs and knees, developed neck and shoulder. Group 3, accounting for 25.13%, is \"medium height and fat\" body type with average height stature and obesity level I, large girths and broad breadths, large neck and square shoulder. Group 4, accounting for 12.96%, is an overweight body group with tall height stature, long leg, narrow back and square shoulder, and it can be called \"tall and proportional” body type. Finally, group 5 which accounting for 10.32%, is \"tall and proportional” body type which characterized as obesity level I, tall stature, long leg, broad back and slope shoulder. This study contributes to the study of body type and anthropometric data in building avatar for digital fashion design software, at the same time contributing to the research and development of the size system for Vietnamese middle-aged male.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83499927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.6
Influence of photoinitiator triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts (TAS) on UV-curing and performance of coatings based on 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate – a bicycloaliphatic diepoxide (BCDE) and epoxy resin modified by black seed oil (EBSO) have been studied. The variation of TAS and functional groups of investigated coatings during UV-exposure was followed by infrared spectrometric analysis. The properties of UV-cured coatings such as gel fraction, relative hardness, flexibility and gloss were determined. It was shown that UV-curing of investigated coatings was markedly affected by their TAS initial concentration: When TAS initial concentration in the coatings enhanced from 6x10-3mole/kg to 37.5x10-3 mole/kg, the photolysis of TAS, consumption of epoxy groups, formation of hydroxyl and ether groups increased from 3.78x10-3 mole/kg, 3.47 mole/kg, 40% , 177% to 28.5x10-3 mole/kg, 4.4 mole/kg, 327% and 1223%, respectively, after 1.2s of UV-exposure. At the same time the performance of the UV- cured coatings was insignificantly changed. Their gel fraction and relative hardness decreased from 84.2% and 0.86 to 69.98% and 0.78 while flexibility and gloss at 60o remained unchanged to be 10 mm and 100%.
{"title":"Influence of TAS Photoinitiator on UV-Curing and Performance of Coating Based on a Bicycloaliphatic Diepoxide and Epoxy Resin Modified by Black Seed Oil","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of photoinitiator triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts (TAS) on UV-curing and performance of coatings based on 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate – a bicycloaliphatic diepoxide (BCDE) and epoxy resin modified by black seed oil (EBSO) have been studied. The variation of TAS and functional groups of investigated coatings during UV-exposure was followed by infrared spectrometric analysis. The properties of UV-cured coatings such as gel fraction, relative hardness, flexibility and gloss were determined. It was shown that UV-curing of investigated coatings was markedly affected by their TAS initial concentration: When TAS initial concentration in the coatings enhanced from 6x10-3mole/kg to 37.5x10-3 mole/kg, the photolysis of TAS, consumption of epoxy groups, formation of hydroxyl and ether groups increased from 3.78x10-3 mole/kg, 3.47 mole/kg, 40% , 177% to 28.5x10-3 mole/kg, 4.4 mole/kg, 327% and 1223%, respectively, after 1.2s of UV-exposure. At the same time the performance of the UV- cured coatings was insignificantly changed. Their gel fraction and relative hardness decreased from 84.2% and 0.86 to 69.98% and 0.78 while flexibility and gloss at 60o remained unchanged to be 10 mm and 100%.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73018905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.1
Along with the development of industrialization and modernization, the rapid development of fast fashion has made the source of raw materials exhausted by the continuous purchasing and production in order to promptly meet the needs of customers. garment. In addition, the emissions from the garment industry as well as the huge amount of discarded clothes that cannot be decomposed in time cause serious pollution. In the context that the world environment is at an alarming rate, the production of fashion products following sustainable fashion trends is a method of special interest. Sustainable fashion is being researched and applied more and more in the field of fashion design. In this article, the research team explores the sustainable fashion development orientation of companies and groups in the world and analyzes the development situation of sustainable fashion trends in Vietnam. The main method of research is using Boro and Sashiko techniques. This is one of the techniques that does not waste materials and creates interesting surface effects from the stitching technique. The research results are a combination of synthetic materials and recycled denim and stitching techniques to design a sustainable fashion collection. The study contributes to the development of a sustainable fashion product line serving the needs of society shortly, creating a new process that minimizes waste and harmful substances to the environment in the future.
{"title":"Research on Fabric Surface Effect Techniques to Design Men’s Garments for Sustainable Development","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the development of industrialization and modernization, the rapid development of fast fashion has made the source of raw materials exhausted by the continuous purchasing and production in order to promptly meet the needs of customers. garment. In addition, the emissions from the garment industry as well as the huge amount of discarded clothes that cannot be decomposed in time cause serious pollution. In the context that the world environment is at an alarming rate, the production of fashion products following sustainable fashion trends is a method of special interest. Sustainable fashion is being researched and applied more and more in the field of fashion design. In this article, the research team explores the sustainable fashion development orientation of companies and groups in the world and analyzes the development situation of sustainable fashion trends in Vietnam. The main method of research is using Boro and Sashiko techniques. This is one of the techniques that does not waste materials and creates interesting surface effects from the stitching technique. The research results are a combination of synthetic materials and recycled denim and stitching techniques to design a sustainable fashion collection. The study contributes to the development of a sustainable fashion product line serving the needs of society shortly, creating a new process that minimizes waste and harmful substances to the environment in the future.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79657877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.9
Due to Nigeria’s high electricity cost, biomass fuels (gas and kerosene) are thought to be more cost-effective, less stressful, and commonly utilized in cooking in urban areas. Thus, this results in higher polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in indoor areas, posing a health risk. This study investigated the contribution of gas and kerosene stoves to the indoor level of PAHs in two selected household kitchens. Furthermore, their concentrations were calculated to investigate PAH dispersion patterns and evaluate the carcinogenic risk it poses to health. The gas and kerosene stoves used were placed in different rooms of equal sizes and allowed to burn for 3 hours daily, assuming an average cooking time per day. Passive sampling with polyurethane foam (PUF) disks was used. The disks were removed after 3, 7, and 14 days for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis to determine the PUF disks’ PAHs concentration. The study results revealed that the indoor PAHs’ average concentration after 3, 7, and 14 days is 0.28, 0.44, and 0.65 μg/m3 for gas, respectively, and the corresponding average concentration for kerosene is 0.72, 0.94, and 1.33 μg/m3, respectively. Although the gas stove showed a better performance than the kerosene, good ventilation in the kitchen will assist in reducing the PAH concentration from both gas and kerosene stove cooking in the kitchen for better health.
{"title":"Assessment of PAHs Emissions from Domestic Cooking Fuels on Indoor Air in Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.9","url":null,"abstract":"Due to Nigeria’s high electricity cost, biomass fuels (gas and kerosene) are thought to be more cost-effective, less stressful, and commonly utilized in cooking in urban areas. Thus, this results in higher polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in indoor areas, posing a health risk. This study investigated the contribution of gas and kerosene stoves to the indoor level of PAHs in two selected household kitchens. Furthermore, their concentrations were calculated to investigate PAH dispersion patterns and evaluate the carcinogenic risk it poses to health. The gas and kerosene stoves used were placed in different rooms of equal sizes and allowed to burn for 3 hours daily, assuming an average cooking time per day. Passive sampling with polyurethane foam (PUF) disks was used. The disks were removed after 3, 7, and 14 days for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis to determine the PUF disks’ PAHs concentration. The study results revealed that the indoor PAHs’ average concentration after 3, 7, and 14 days is 0.28, 0.44, and 0.65 μg/m3 for gas, respectively, and the corresponding average concentration for kerosene is 0.72, 0.94, and 1.33 μg/m3, respectively. Although the gas stove showed a better performance than the kerosene, good ventilation in the kitchen will assist in reducing the PAH concentration from both gas and kerosene stove cooking in the kitchen for better health.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78837261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.2
Compression garments are used for medical therapies and sports products such as bandages, socks, workout clothes and so on, with different degrees of compression. The pressure exerted on the body by compression products must be measured and calculated during the design. This paper investigated a method to determine the required pressure in the design of legging pants with a given abdominal pressure by using knitted CVC fabric (60% Cotton and 40% Polyester) with all stitches plated with 100% Spandex yarn. The pressure was calculated based on Laplace laws and was checked by using the designed FSR402 force sensor. Eight volunteers have participated in the trial. Calculating the volunteer's abdominal pressure in wearing legging pants using Laplace's formula was resulted in a range of 5.0 mmHg to 5.7 mmHg when the fabric extension was 20% and between 7.1 mmHg and 8.0 mmHg with a fabric extension of 35%. In that case, the actual pressure measured by the force sensor FSR402 was from 24.3 mmHg to 27.6 mmHg at 20% fabric extension and from 34 mmHg to 39 mmHg at 35% extension. Research shows that using the Laplace equation requires correction to fit a particular design with different circumferences.
{"title":"Determination of the Pressure of Knitted Abdominal Bandage of Women Legging Pants Using Laplace Laws","authors":"","doi":"10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.162.etsd.2022.32.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Compression garments are used for medical therapies and sports products such as bandages, socks, workout clothes and so on, with different degrees of compression. The pressure exerted on the body by compression products must be measured and calculated during the design. This paper investigated a method to determine the required pressure in the design of legging pants with a given abdominal pressure by using knitted CVC fabric (60% Cotton and 40% Polyester) with all stitches plated with 100% Spandex yarn. The pressure was calculated based on Laplace laws and was checked by using the designed FSR402 force sensor. Eight volunteers have participated in the trial. Calculating the volunteer's abdominal pressure in wearing legging pants using Laplace's formula was resulted in a range of 5.0 mmHg to 5.7 mmHg when the fabric extension was 20% and between 7.1 mmHg and 8.0 mmHg with a fabric extension of 35%. In that case, the actual pressure measured by the force sensor FSR402 was from 24.3 mmHg to 27.6 mmHg at 20% fabric extension and from 34 mmHg to 39 mmHg at 35% extension. Research shows that using the Laplace equation requires correction to fit a particular design with different circumferences.","PeriodicalId":17641,"journal":{"name":"JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91405244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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