Pub Date : 2018-07-11DOI: 10.32474/juns.2018.01.000108
N. Maria
Purpose: To find out the prevalence, and the risk factors conducive to the development of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) after kidney allotransplantation (KAT). Methods: The medical histories of 146 recipients of kidney allotransplants received between 1989 and 2014 were reviewed in retrospect. Diabetes mellitus diagnosed before KAT was a criterion for exclusion from the study. Analysed as risk factors were: sex, age, KAT time, and the use of glycocorticoids (GCs), tacrolimus (Tc), and/or cyclosporine A (CcA). The veritability of their influence was assessed using the step-wise linear regression analysis method. Results: The recipients’ average age was 42.9 +/20.2 (х±σ) years at the time of the study. PTDM prevalence in the general group was 21.9% (n=32). Age and the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and GCs had the greatest impact on PTDM development (р=0,01).
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Post-Transplantation Diabetes Mellitus in Patients after Kidney Allotransplantation in Moscow","authors":"N. Maria","doi":"10.32474/juns.2018.01.000108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/juns.2018.01.000108","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To find out the prevalence, and the risk factors conducive to the development of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) after kidney allotransplantation (KAT). Methods: The medical histories of 146 recipients of kidney allotransplants received between 1989 and 2014 were reviewed in retrospect. Diabetes mellitus diagnosed before KAT was a criterion for exclusion from the study. Analysed as risk factors were: sex, age, KAT time, and the use of glycocorticoids (GCs), tacrolimus (Tc), and/or cyclosporine A (CcA). The veritability of their influence was assessed using the step-wise linear regression analysis method. Results: The recipients’ average age was 42.9 +/20.2 (х±σ) years at the time of the study. PTDM prevalence in the general group was 21.9% (n=32). Age and the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and GCs had the greatest impact on PTDM development (р=0,01).","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83641785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000107
O. Factor, N. Stone, R. Stock
{"title":"Presentation and Outcomes of First-Degree Relatives Treated with Brachytherapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer","authors":"O. Factor, N. Stone, R. Stock","doi":"10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89501790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000106
Ö. Can, G. Şahi̇n, U. Kasapoğlu, Süleyman Baş, B. B. Ustaalioğlu
Background: We aim to document if any difference exists for renal functions between metastatic and non-metastatic patients. Methods: The study population included 12 metastatic and 15 non-metastatic patients. Metastatic renal cancer patients using the TKIs were compared to nonmetastatic patients. Results: Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was significantly low in metastatic patients than nonmetastatic patients (p: 0.048). A trend toward increased acute kidney injury during hospital stay in the non-metastatic group was observed, but this fell just short of statistical significance (p: 0.109). Two groups did not differ significantly in terms of postoperative e-GFR (p: 0.256). No statistically significant differences were observed in actual eGFR between two groups (p: 0.638). No statistically significant differences were found in pre-TKIs and post-TKIs e-GFR values (p: 0.735). Proteinuria was statistically more common in metastatic patients than non-metastatic patients (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference in age, sex, follow-up period, NSAIDs use, antihypertensive and ARBs/ACEIs use were documented between the two groups. Conclusion: Increased risk for proteinuria was documented in metastatic patients with TKIs use. However, use of the TKIs had no effect on eGFR. No statistically significant differences were observed in actual eGFR between two groups.
{"title":"Effect of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Renal Functions","authors":"Ö. Can, G. Şahi̇n, U. Kasapoğlu, Süleyman Baş, B. B. Ustaalioğlu","doi":"10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We aim to document if any difference exists for renal functions between metastatic and non-metastatic patients. Methods: The study population included 12 metastatic and 15 non-metastatic patients. Metastatic renal cancer patients using the TKIs were compared to nonmetastatic patients. Results: Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was significantly low in metastatic patients than nonmetastatic patients (p: 0.048). A trend toward increased acute kidney injury during hospital stay in the non-metastatic group was observed, but this fell just short of statistical significance (p: 0.109). Two groups did not differ significantly in terms of postoperative e-GFR (p: 0.256). No statistically significant differences were observed in actual eGFR between two groups (p: 0.638). No statistically significant differences were found in pre-TKIs and post-TKIs e-GFR values (p: 0.735). Proteinuria was statistically more common in metastatic patients than non-metastatic patients (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference in age, sex, follow-up period, NSAIDs use, antihypertensive and ARBs/ACEIs use were documented between the two groups. Conclusion: Increased risk for proteinuria was documented in metastatic patients with TKIs use. However, use of the TKIs had no effect on eGFR. No statistically significant differences were observed in actual eGFR between two groups.","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85832667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.32474/juns.2018.01.000105
Aiypova Dinara
Purpose: To study the possible association of cardiac function with morphological changes of the kidneys in glomerulopathies. Materials and Methods: 55 patients with GP were examined (32 men, 23 women) aged from 17 to 58 (on the average 32.76 ± 10.3) years. Given the high prevalence left ventricular systolic diastolic dysfunction in patients with GP with impaired renal function, analyzed the data of patients with CKD stages 1-3. The mean GFR was 87.92 ± 28.2 ml / min / 1.73 m2. Histology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic method of investigation were used in the study of nephrobiopsy data. Results: Analysis of the frequency of morphological types of nephropathy in the examined patients made it possible to detect the prevalence of membranous glomerulonephritis Objective: To study the features of the association of cardiac dysfunction with morphological changes in the kidneys with HP.
目的:探讨肾小球病变患者心功能与肾脏形态变化的关系。材料与方法:55例GP患者(男32例，女23例)，年龄17 ~ 58岁，平均32.76±10.3岁。鉴于GP合并肾功能受损患者左室收缩舒张功能不全的发生率较高，分析CKD 1-3期患者的数据。平均GFR为87.92±28.2 ml / min / 1.73 m2。采用组织学、免疫荧光和电镜检查方法对肾活检资料进行研究。结果:通过分析所检查患者肾病形态类型的频率，可以检测膜性肾小球肾炎的患病率。目的:探讨HP患者肾脏形态改变与心功能障碍的关系特点。
{"title":"Clinico-Functional Characteristics of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Glomerulopathies and Their Relationship to Morphological Changes in The Kidneys","authors":"Aiypova Dinara","doi":"10.32474/juns.2018.01.000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/juns.2018.01.000105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the possible association of cardiac function with morphological changes of the kidneys in glomerulopathies. Materials and Methods: 55 patients with GP were examined (32 men, 23 women) aged from 17 to 58 (on the average 32.76 ± 10.3) years. Given the high prevalence left ventricular systolic diastolic dysfunction in patients with GP with impaired renal function, analyzed the data of patients with CKD stages 1-3. The mean GFR was 87.92 ± 28.2 ml / min / 1.73 m2. Histology, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic method of investigation were used in the study of nephrobiopsy data. Results: Analysis of the frequency of morphological types of nephropathy in the examined patients made it possible to detect the prevalence of membranous glomerulonephritis Objective: To study the features of the association of cardiac dysfunction with morphological changes in the kidneys with HP.","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87798706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.13188/2380-0585.1000025
F. Mo, Cissé, Mm, S. Seck, K. ari, A. Niang
Peritonitis is a common and serious complication of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). Peritonitis is the direct or major contributing cause of death in around 16% of PD patients [1, 2]. In addition, severe or prolonged peritonitis leads to structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane, eventually leading to membrane failure. Peritonitis is a major cause of PD technique failure and conversion to long-term hemodialysis. The most commonly encountered bacteria are staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacilli [3]. Difficulties in the treatment of bacterial infections with PD are related to the frequency of multidrug resistance of the causal agent. Identification of the organism and subsequent antibiotic sensitivities help in guiding the choice of antibiotic, and the type of organism often indicates the possible source of infection. After 10 years of experience with this complication, this study was conducted to shed light on the bacterial ecology profile of peritoneal infections in Dakar. Patients and Methods
{"title":"Bacterial Ecology of Peritonitis in a Sub-Saharan Peritoneal Dialysis Unit","authors":"F. Mo, Cissé, Mm, S. Seck, K. ari, A. Niang","doi":"10.13188/2380-0585.1000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0585.1000025","url":null,"abstract":"Peritonitis is a common and serious complication of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD). Peritonitis is the direct or major contributing cause of death in around 16% of PD patients [1, 2]. In addition, severe or prolonged peritonitis leads to structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane, eventually leading to membrane failure. Peritonitis is a major cause of PD technique failure and conversion to long-term hemodialysis. The most commonly encountered bacteria are staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacilli [3]. Difficulties in the treatment of bacterial infections with PD are related to the frequency of multidrug resistance of the causal agent. Identification of the organism and subsequent antibiotic sensitivities help in guiding the choice of antibiotic, and the type of organism often indicates the possible source of infection. After 10 years of experience with this complication, this study was conducted to shed light on the bacterial ecology profile of peritoneal infections in Dakar. Patients and Methods","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"603 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77343675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.13188/2380-0585.1000021
Agzamkhodjaev Saidanvar Talatovich
Based on the analysis of 131 (from month 1 to 3 years old) children with Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction, who underwent early pyeloplasty, it was found that the incidence of intra and postoperative complications in both groups remains identical. Good and satisfactory results obtained from Group I (91) in 89 (98%) patients, and from Group II (40) in 38 (95%) children proved high efficiency of surgical treatment and the expediency of early pyeloplasty. Based on this research, it may be concluded that, it is baseless to prolong children observation with congenital hydronephrosis, in order to prevent intraand postoperative complications associated with early children age. In turn, early correction of obstruction of UPJ, in the absence of infection, leads to the preservation of kidney function and creates optimal conditions and prerequisites for the development and growth of functional structures. Table 1: Characteristic of clinical manifestation was different in each age group. Groups Non-symptom Palpable Mass UTI Abdominal Pain Abs % Abs % Abs % Abs % Group 1 85 66 1 0,8 6 4,5 Group 2 29 22 1 0,8 5 3,5 2 1,6 All 114 88 2 1,6 11 8 2 1,6 Citation:Agzamkhodjaev ST, Abdullaev ZB, Sanginov ShA, Umargaliev SD. Early Surgical Correction of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. J Urol Nephrol. 2018;5(1): 2. J Urol Nephrol 5(1): 2 (2018) Page 02 ISSN: 2380-0585 Where patients have improved renal function, in pelvic size with absent clinical manifesting during assessment period did not undergo surgical correction, and were excluded from this study. Dismembered pyeloplasty with modification was performed in all patients. Surgical approach carried out intramuscularly in lumbar area. During surgical correction, all patients had PUJ resection following morphological assessment. Resection of pelvic was performed only in cases of massive dilatation of collecting. Postoperatively, for 7-8 days, collecting system was drained with intubating pyelostomy. All patients received antibiotic therapy for 7 days after surgery. All patients followed checkup after 3, 6 month and 1, 3 years after surgical treatment. We performed lab tests and US scan to assess dynamics of collecting system dilatation, kidney improvement and parenchymal recover. Intravenous urography performed after 6 month of surgery to study morph-functional state of affected kidney and upper urinary tract. Assessment of differential function made after 1 year through diuretic renogram. All results of surgical PUJ correction depending on achieving or unchanged state of urodynamic recover divided in three categories: conditions evaluated as good, satisfactory and non-satisfactory results. Good results were evaluated as satisfactory when there were absence of pathologic changes in urine tests, clinic manifestation development as pain syndrome, improved collector segment size on US scan, urine excretory function recover and improvement in differential renal function. Satisfactory group characterized with tr
{"title":"Early Surgical Correction of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction","authors":"Agzamkhodjaev Saidanvar Talatovich","doi":"10.13188/2380-0585.1000021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0585.1000021","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of 131 (from month 1 to 3 years old) children with Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction, who underwent early pyeloplasty, it was found that the incidence of intra and postoperative complications in both groups remains identical. Good and satisfactory results obtained from Group I (91) in 89 (98%) patients, and from Group II (40) in 38 (95%) children proved high efficiency of surgical treatment and the expediency of early pyeloplasty. Based on this research, it may be concluded that, it is baseless to prolong children observation with congenital hydronephrosis, in order to prevent intraand postoperative complications associated with early children age. In turn, early correction of obstruction of UPJ, in the absence of infection, leads to the preservation of kidney function and creates optimal conditions and prerequisites for the development and growth of functional structures. Table 1: Characteristic of clinical manifestation was different in each age group. Groups Non-symptom Palpable Mass UTI Abdominal Pain Abs % Abs % Abs % Abs % Group 1 85 66 1 0,8 6 4,5 Group 2 29 22 1 0,8 5 3,5 2 1,6 All 114 88 2 1,6 11 8 2 1,6 Citation:Agzamkhodjaev ST, Abdullaev ZB, Sanginov ShA, Umargaliev SD. Early Surgical Correction of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. J Urol Nephrol. 2018;5(1): 2. J Urol Nephrol 5(1): 2 (2018) Page 02 ISSN: 2380-0585 Where patients have improved renal function, in pelvic size with absent clinical manifesting during assessment period did not undergo surgical correction, and were excluded from this study. Dismembered pyeloplasty with modification was performed in all patients. Surgical approach carried out intramuscularly in lumbar area. During surgical correction, all patients had PUJ resection following morphological assessment. Resection of pelvic was performed only in cases of massive dilatation of collecting. Postoperatively, for 7-8 days, collecting system was drained with intubating pyelostomy. All patients received antibiotic therapy for 7 days after surgery. All patients followed checkup after 3, 6 month and 1, 3 years after surgical treatment. We performed lab tests and US scan to assess dynamics of collecting system dilatation, kidney improvement and parenchymal recover. Intravenous urography performed after 6 month of surgery to study morph-functional state of affected kidney and upper urinary tract. Assessment of differential function made after 1 year through diuretic renogram. All results of surgical PUJ correction depending on achieving or unchanged state of urodynamic recover divided in three categories: conditions evaluated as good, satisfactory and non-satisfactory results. Good results were evaluated as satisfactory when there were absence of pathologic changes in urine tests, clinic manifestation development as pain syndrome, improved collector segment size on US scan, urine excretory function recover and improvement in differential renal function. Satisfactory group characterized with tr","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90863319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.13188/2380-0585.1000023
Chander, V. Nivedha
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a male predominance [1,2]. In the Indian scenario, it is amongst the most prevalent cancers associated with urinary tract and accounts for 3.9% of total cancer cases diagnosed according to the Indian cancer registry [3,4]. 3 males and 1 female out of 1,00,000 individuals develop BC each year in India [4-6]. Microscopic and macroscopic haematuria are the most common clinical manifestation of this disease [7]. Currently, the established techniques for diagnosing and monitoring BCs are cystoscopy and Voided Urine Cytology (VUC). Cystoscopy is regarded as the gold standard for detection of BC. VUC has been the front runner in urine-based assays for detection of BC’s for more than 50 years, owing to its low false positive rate (high specificity) and simplicity in testing. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting BC’s increases significantly when these two tests are coupled. Although cystoscopy is considered as gold standard, its sensitivity in detecting flat lesions is relatively low. VUC falls short due to high rate of false negative and equivocal diagnosis or Atypical Urine Cytology (AUC) [8]. Inter observer, intra observer and institutional variability have been serious technical facets of cytology [9]. As a disease characterised by long follow up surveillance with multiple diagnostic procedures, BC has significant financial implication while repetitive invasive procedures cause undue anxiety to patients.
{"title":"Utility of Fluorescent in situ Hybridization in Addition to Voided Urine Cytology in The Diagnostic Work Up of Bladder Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study from A South Indian Referral Laboratory","authors":"Chander, V. Nivedha","doi":"10.13188/2380-0585.1000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0585.1000023","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world with a male predominance [1,2]. In the Indian scenario, it is amongst the most prevalent cancers associated with urinary tract and accounts for 3.9% of total cancer cases diagnosed according to the Indian cancer registry [3,4]. 3 males and 1 female out of 1,00,000 individuals develop BC each year in India [4-6]. Microscopic and macroscopic haematuria are the most common clinical manifestation of this disease [7]. Currently, the established techniques for diagnosing and monitoring BCs are cystoscopy and Voided Urine Cytology (VUC). Cystoscopy is regarded as the gold standard for detection of BC. VUC has been the front runner in urine-based assays for detection of BC’s for more than 50 years, owing to its low false positive rate (high specificity) and simplicity in testing. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting BC’s increases significantly when these two tests are coupled. Although cystoscopy is considered as gold standard, its sensitivity in detecting flat lesions is relatively low. VUC falls short due to high rate of false negative and equivocal diagnosis or Atypical Urine Cytology (AUC) [8]. Inter observer, intra observer and institutional variability have been serious technical facets of cytology [9]. As a disease characterised by long follow up surveillance with multiple diagnostic procedures, BC has significant financial implication while repetitive invasive procedures cause undue anxiety to patients.","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84369256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.13188/2380-0585.1000022
B. Sun, D. Chapman, N. Gupta, Allan, Mak, Z. Xiao, Ronald B. Moore
Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCCB) has a high propensity to recur after resection. Intravesical bacillus calmetteguerin (BCG) therapy significantly reduces recurrence of UCCB, and response to BCG therapy is believed to be mediated by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL has clinical potential as a novel intravesical agent for UCCB, since it selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. Previously we have examined eleven human UCC cell lines and a non transformed cell line (F2P6) and their sensitivity to TRAIL. In current study, signal transduction molecules, regulating both the death-receptor mediated (extrinsic) and mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptotic pathways were analyzed. We observed activation of caspase 8, 9, 3, Bid, and cleavage of DFF45 (DNA fragmentation factor-45) in the responsive cell lines as evidence for both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Moreover, the amount of tBid formed from the cleavage of Bid directly correlated with the sensitivity of UCC cells to TRAIL. TRAIL activates both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in UCC cells. The observed resistance related to tBid signaling provides a rationale for targeting both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways with combination therapies. Anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, would be prime targets of inhibition to increase UCC sensitivity to TRAIL or BCG. Citation:Sun B, Chapman DW, Gupta N, Mak A, Xiao Z, et al. Bid Cleavage and TRAIL Sensitivity in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol Nephrol. 2018;5(1): 5. J Urol Nephrol 5(1): 5 (2018) Page 02 ISSN: 2380-0585 anti-cancer property of TRAIL on UCC cells, and investigated the signaling pathways involved. Material and Methods
膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌(UCCB)在切除后有很高的复发倾向。膀胱内卡介苗(BCG)治疗可显著减少UCCB的复发，对BCG治疗的反应被认为是由肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)介导的。TRAIL作为一种新的膀胱内UCCB药物具有临床潜力，因为它可以选择性地诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡，而不是正常细胞的凋亡。之前我们已经检测了11个人类UCC细胞系和一个未转化细胞系(F2P6)及其对TRAIL的敏感性。目前的研究分析了调节死亡受体介导(外源性)和线粒体(内在)凋亡途径的信号转导分子。我们在应答细胞系中观察到caspase 8,9,3, Bid的激活和DFF45 (DNA片段因子-45)的裂解，作为外在和内在凋亡信号传导的证据。此外，Bid切割形成的tBid的数量与UCC细胞对TRAIL的敏感性直接相关。TRAIL激活UCC细胞的外源性和内源性凋亡通路。观察到的与tBid信号相关的耐药性为联合治疗靶向内在和外在途径提供了理论依据。抗凋亡蛋白，如Bcl-2，可能是抑制UCC增加TRAIL或BCG敏感性的主要靶点。引用本文:Sun B, Chapman DW, Gupta N, Mak A, Xiao Z，等。膀胱尿路上皮细胞癌的Bid切割和TRAIL敏感性。中华泌尿外科杂志，2018;5(1):5。中华肿瘤医学杂志5(1):5(2018)Page 02: ISSN: 2380-0585。材料与方法
{"title":"Bid Cleavage and TRAIL Sensitivity in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder","authors":"B. Sun, D. Chapman, N. Gupta, Allan, Mak, Z. Xiao, Ronald B. Moore","doi":"10.13188/2380-0585.1000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13188/2380-0585.1000022","url":null,"abstract":"Urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCCB) has a high propensity to recur after resection. Intravesical bacillus calmetteguerin (BCG) therapy significantly reduces recurrence of UCCB, and response to BCG therapy is believed to be mediated by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL has clinical potential as a novel intravesical agent for UCCB, since it selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. Previously we have examined eleven human UCC cell lines and a non transformed cell line (F2P6) and their sensitivity to TRAIL. In current study, signal transduction molecules, regulating both the death-receptor mediated (extrinsic) and mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptotic pathways were analyzed. We observed activation of caspase 8, 9, 3, Bid, and cleavage of DFF45 (DNA fragmentation factor-45) in the responsive cell lines as evidence for both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Moreover, the amount of tBid formed from the cleavage of Bid directly correlated with the sensitivity of UCC cells to TRAIL. TRAIL activates both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathways in UCC cells. The observed resistance related to tBid signaling provides a rationale for targeting both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways with combination therapies. Anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2, would be prime targets of inhibition to increase UCC sensitivity to TRAIL or BCG. Citation:Sun B, Chapman DW, Gupta N, Mak A, Xiao Z, et al. Bid Cleavage and TRAIL Sensitivity in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol Nephrol. 2018;5(1): 5. J Urol Nephrol 5(1): 5 (2018) Page 02 ISSN: 2380-0585 anti-cancer property of TRAIL on UCC cells, and investigated the signaling pathways involved. Material and Methods","PeriodicalId":17651,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urology & Nephrology Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.32474/JUNS.2018.01.000103
Sonali Gupta, P. Goyal, N. Gupta, Harpreet Sawhney, Vivek Kumar
Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. There is still debate regarding the exact definition, which has greatly influenced the reported incidence of CIN in literature. Recent studies have challenged the universal concern regarding risk of CIN in general population. It is found to occur more commonly after intra-arterial (IA) administration of contrast as in interventional cardiology and vascular procedures especially in patients with multiple comorbidities and underlying renal impairment. Recent studies report negligible risk after intravenous (IV) contrast administration for modern diagnostic radiological examinations. Since it is a potentially preventable clinical condition, it is imperative for health care professional to be well aware of this entity. All patients undergoing iodinated contrast exposure should be risk stratified and preventive measures should be employed in high risk population. This paper will review the epidemiology, controversies regarding definition, pathophysiology, risk stratification, iodinated contrast commonly used in practice and preventive strategies.
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