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THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANT AND TIME ON HEMATOLOGIC VALUES IN RED-TAILED HAWKS (BUTEO JAMAICENSIS).
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0002
Erica C Bender, Samantha J Sander, Krista A Keller, Amy N Schnelle, William E Sander

Free-ranging red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) commonly present to wildlife facilities and veterinary clinics for injury or illness, and bloodwork is often an essential tool in their diagnostic workup. However, the type of anticoagulant used and the sample storage time prior to processing may potentially impact hematological values. This study evaluated differences between EDTA and lithium heparin (HEP) preserved blood samples in packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), estimated WBC counts by smear, and WBC differential counts. Additionally, differences in estimated WBC counts and WBC differential counts between anticoagulant-free (AF) and anticoagulant preserved blood smears were evaluated. Values were compared at time of blood collection and again after refrigeration for two, six, and 24 hours. Packed cell volume and TS were not significantly different between type of anticoagulant or time stored. Statistically significant differences in estimated WBC counts between AF samples and ETDA samples were found at all time points after time of collection (p = 0.025, 0.021, 0.010 for t = 2, 6, 24, respectively), while no differences were noted between AF samples and HEP samples. White blood cell differential count was impacted with variable significance by both time and anticoagulant. Clinically, HEP should be considered the anticoagulant of choice in this species and consideration should be taken to evaluate samples as close to collection time as possible.

{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF ANTICOAGULANT AND TIME ON HEMATOLOGIC VALUES IN RED-TAILED HAWKS (<i>BUTEO JAMAICENSIS</i>).","authors":"Erica C Bender, Samantha J Sander, Krista A Keller, Amy N Schnelle, William E Sander","doi":"10.1638/2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-ranging red-tailed hawks (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>) commonly present to wildlife facilities and veterinary clinics for injury or illness, and bloodwork is often an essential tool in their diagnostic workup. However, the type of anticoagulant used and the sample storage time prior to processing may potentially impact hematological values. This study evaluated differences between EDTA and lithium heparin (HEP) preserved blood samples in packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), estimated WBC counts by smear, and WBC differential counts. Additionally, differences in estimated WBC counts and WBC differential counts between anticoagulant-free (AF) and anticoagulant preserved blood smears were evaluated. Values were compared at time of blood collection and again after refrigeration for two, six, and 24 hours. Packed cell volume and TS were not significantly different between type of anticoagulant or time stored. Statistically significant differences in estimated WBC counts between AF samples and ETDA samples were found at all time points after time of collection (p = 0.025, 0.021, 0.010 for t = 2, 6, 24, respectively), while no differences were noted between AF samples and HEP samples. White blood cell differential count was impacted with variable significance by both time and anticoagulant. Clinically, HEP should be considered the anticoagulant of choice in this species and consideration should be taken to evaluate samples as close to collection time as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY WITH CISPLATIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF A NON-OPERABLE ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN A LOWLAND TAPIR (TAPIRUS TERRESTRIS).
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0132
Rúbia M C Cunha, Gleidice E Lavalle, Roberto B Araújo, Herlandes P Tinoco, Carlyle M Coelho, Fabíola de Oliveira Paes Leme, Anelise C Nepomuceno, Luiz A Lago, Daniel O Santos, Renato L Santos, Marcelo P N de Carvalho

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epidermal tumor. Biologic behavior and metastasis rate vary according to species and tumor location. The goal of this study was to report the occurrence and behavior of an oral SCC in a Tapirus terrestris treated with electrochemotherapy. The tapir was anesthetized for two electrochemotherapy sessions, six months apart, with intralesional cisplatin (0.25 mL/cm3) and VetCP 125TM electroporator. Side effects were minimal. Because of tumor relapse, onset of joint disorders, and poor prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted to necropsy, followed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Electrochemotherapy significantly improved the tapiŕs life quality. Tumor bleeding resolved, and food uptake was improved. Necropsy demonstrated tumor invasion in adjacent soft tissues and bones and submandibular lymph nodes with multiple areas of metastasis. Overall survival time of 35 months was achieved, with good life quality. Histopathologic characteristics were more aggressive in the relapsed tumor.

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引用次数: 0
AN INVESTIGATION OF AN AMYLOID-LIKE DEPOSITION DISORDER IN REPTILES. 对爬行动物淀粉样沉积症的研究。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1638/2024-0040
Sayrah Gilbert, Rebecca Pacheco, Anibal G Armien, Michael Garner

Amyloidosis is the pathologic extracellular deposition of amyloid, a proteinaceous substance, in various tissues and organs. The most common form of amyloidosis in domestic animals is amyloid A amyloidosis, though amyloid light chain, amyloid β, and islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidosis have been documented. In reptiles, amyloidosis, or amyloid-like disorders, are considered rare. This research brief reviews an index case in a California kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae) with amyloid-like deposition in the liver associated with fatal hepatic hematoma formation. In a review of 9,677 snakes in the archives of Northwest ZooPath from 1998 to 2019, 10 other cases (0.001%) of amyloid-like deposition in snakes were found, colubrids were overrepresented (n = 7; 64%), and most cases (n = 6; 54%) were greater than 15 yr of age at postmortem exam. Histologically, the liver was the most commonly affected organ (n = 10; 91%), with the kidney and heart affected less commonly. Amyloid-like material stained lightly positive with Congo red, was slightly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and did not stain with Masson trichrome stain. Ultrastructurally, amyloid-like material was composed of unbranched 10.27- to 13.20-nm-wide fibrils. Two cases had concurrent neoplasia, and inflammation was noted histologically in seven total cases. Four of the cases had no evidence of concurrent inflammation. The data described here indicate that amyloidosis in reptiles may be an aging change and not necessarily associated with inflammation or other disease processes.

{"title":"AN INVESTIGATION OF AN AMYLOID-LIKE DEPOSITION DISORDER IN REPTILES.","authors":"Sayrah Gilbert, Rebecca Pacheco, Anibal G Armien, Michael Garner","doi":"10.1638/2024-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2024-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloidosis is the pathologic extracellular deposition of amyloid, a proteinaceous substance, in various tissues and organs. The most common form of amyloidosis in domestic animals is amyloid A amyloidosis, though amyloid light chain, amyloid β, and islet amyloid polypeptide amyloidosis have been documented. In reptiles, amyloidosis, or amyloid-like disorders, are considered rare. This research brief reviews an index case in a California kingsnake (<i>Lampropeltis getula californiae</i>) with amyloid-like deposition in the liver associated with fatal hepatic hematoma formation. In a review of 9,677 snakes in the archives of Northwest ZooPath from 1998 to 2019, 10 other cases (0.001%) of amyloid-like deposition in snakes were found, colubrids were overrepresented (n = 7; 64%), and most cases (n = 6; 54%) were greater than 15 yr of age at postmortem exam. Histologically, the liver was the most commonly affected organ (n = 10; 91%), with the kidney and heart affected less commonly. Amyloid-like material stained lightly positive with Congo red, was slightly positive with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and did not stain with Masson trichrome stain. Ultrastructurally, amyloid-like material was composed of unbranched 10.27- to 13.20-nm-wide fibrils. Two cases had concurrent neoplasia, and inflammation was noted histologically in seven total cases. Four of the cases had no evidence of concurrent inflammation. The data described here indicate that amyloidosis in reptiles may be an aging change and not necessarily associated with inflammation or other disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INTRAMUSCULAR MIDAZOLAM AND BUTORPHANOL ADMINISTERED PRIOR TO INTRAVENOUS ALFAXALONE PROVIDES SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ANESTHESIA IN GENTOO PENGUINS (PYGOSCELIS PAPUA).
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0133
Koji Ono, Satoshi Inoue, Hirofumi Hatakeyama, Miki Masatsugu, Toko Maehara, Hiroshi Satoh

General anesthesia is a crucial tool in health care and clinical practice involving wildlife, including penguins. A balanced general anesthetic technique that combines multiple drugs is beneficial for achieving sufficient anesthesia while minimizing the side effects of individual agents. However, only a few studies have explored the use of multimodal anesthesia in penguins. This study examined the effects of midazolam (benzodiazepine) and butorphanol (mixed j-opioid agonist and weak l-opioid antagonist) as preanesthetic agents in gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Midazolam and butorphanol were administered intramuscularly at 0.25 mg/kg each, followed by anesthesia induction and maintenance with alfaxalone administered intravenously. Sedation level, required alfaxalone dose, recovery time, heart rate, and noninvasive blood pressure were evaluated during anesthesia. Sedation intensity increased over time after premedication. When midazolam and butorphanol were used as preanesthetics, the required alfaxalone dose for induction was 4.8 ± 0.8 mg/kg, and the mean infusion rate of alfaxalone required to maintain anesthesia was 0.12 ± 0.05 mg/kg per minute. Recovery from anesthesia took 3 (1-7) (median [interquartile range]) min for extubation and 20 ± 12 (mean ± SD) min for complete recovery. Heart rates were maintained within the normal physiological range, and noninvasive blood pressure remained stable. Compared with previous investigations on anesthesia induction and maintenance using alfaxalone alone, the intramuscular administration of 0.25 mg/kg midazolam and 0.25 mg/kg butorphanol reduced the alfaxalone dose requirement for anesthesia induction and maintenance, thereby shortening recovery times.

{"title":"INTRAMUSCULAR MIDAZOLAM AND BUTORPHANOL ADMINISTERED PRIOR TO INTRAVENOUS ALFAXALONE PROVIDES SAFE AND EFFECTIVE ANESTHESIA IN GENTOO PENGUINS (<i>PYGOSCELIS PAPUA</i>).","authors":"Koji Ono, Satoshi Inoue, Hirofumi Hatakeyama, Miki Masatsugu, Toko Maehara, Hiroshi Satoh","doi":"10.1638/2023-0133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2023-0133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>General anesthesia is a crucial tool in health care and clinical practice involving wildlife, including penguins. A balanced general anesthetic technique that combines multiple drugs is beneficial for achieving sufficient anesthesia while minimizing the side effects of individual agents. However, only a few studies have explored the use of multimodal anesthesia in penguins. This study examined the effects of midazolam (benzodiazepine) and butorphanol (mixed j-opioid agonist and weak l-opioid antagonist) as preanesthetic agents in gentoo penguins (<i>Pygoscelis papua</i>). Midazolam and butorphanol were administered intramuscularly at 0.25 mg/kg each, followed by anesthesia induction and maintenance with alfaxalone administered intravenously. Sedation level, required alfaxalone dose, recovery time, heart rate, and noninvasive blood pressure were evaluated during anesthesia. Sedation intensity increased over time after premedication. When midazolam and butorphanol were used as preanesthetics, the required alfaxalone dose for induction was 4.8 ± 0.8 mg/kg, and the mean infusion rate of alfaxalone required to maintain anesthesia was 0.12 ± 0.05 mg/kg per minute. Recovery from anesthesia took 3 (1-7) (median [interquartile range]) min for extubation and 20 ± 12 (mean ± SD) min for complete recovery. Heart rates were maintained within the normal physiological range, and noninvasive blood pressure remained stable. Compared with previous investigations on anesthesia induction and maintenance using alfaxalone alone, the intramuscular administration of 0.25 mg/kg midazolam and 0.25 mg/kg butorphanol reduced the alfaxalone dose requirement for anesthesia induction and maintenance, thereby shortening recovery times.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFFECTIVE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF AFRICAN WILD DOGS (LYCAON PICTUS) TO CANINE DISTEMPER VACCINATION WITH A LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE.
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0088
Robin Gieling, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Karina Flores-Pineda, Mick Bailey, Nicola Rooney, Laurie Marker

Vaccinating African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) against canine distemper virus (CDV) using live attenuated vaccines (LAV) has been controversial because of limitations in the vaccines' effectiveness and safety. However, CDV is a significant pathogen for African wild dogs, and CDV LAV are currently the only vaccines readily available on the African continent, making them a crucial tool for in situ conservation. There are few studies exploring immunogenicity of CDV LAV, and even less information pertaining to optimal vaccination protocols. This study reports the use of CDV LAV VanguardTM Plus 5/L in 16 African wild dogs from two sibling groups with initial inoculation at approximately 6-7 wk of age. The majority (81%, n = 13) of pups generated protective titers after initial vaccination. One pup died of CDV-suspected neurological disease within 17 d of initial vaccination. All remaining dogs received a second dose, and 100% of those achieved protective immunity (as per domestic dog reference values). Protective antibody titers were maintained throughout the sampling period of 284 and 373 d from the second vaccination. The risk of possible vaccine-induced disease cannot be excluded, but may be a sustainable risk compared with the protective potential of CDV LAV for African wild dogs.

{"title":"EFFECTIVE ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF AFRICAN WILD DOGS (<i>LYCAON PICTUS</i>) TO CANINE DISTEMPER VACCINATION WITH A LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE.","authors":"Robin Gieling, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Karina Flores-Pineda, Mick Bailey, Nicola Rooney, Laurie Marker","doi":"10.1638/2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccinating African wild dogs (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>) against canine distemper virus (CDV) using live attenuated vaccines (LAV) has been controversial because of limitations in the vaccines' effectiveness and safety. However, CDV is a significant pathogen for African wild dogs, and CDV LAV are currently the only vaccines readily available on the African continent, making them a crucial tool for <i>in situ</i> conservation. There are few studies exploring immunogenicity of CDV LAV, and even less information pertaining to optimal vaccination protocols. This study reports the use of CDV LAV Vanguard<sup>TM</sup> Plus 5/L in 16 African wild dogs from two sibling groups with initial inoculation at approximately 6-7 wk of age. The majority (81%, <i>n</i> = 13) of pups generated protective titers after initial vaccination. One pup died of CDV-suspected neurological disease within 17 d of initial vaccination. All remaining dogs received a second dose, and 100% of those achieved protective immunity (as per domestic dog reference values). Protective antibody titers were maintained throughout the sampling period of 284 and 373 d from the second vaccination. The risk of possible vaccine-induced disease cannot be excluded, but may be a sustainable risk compared with the protective potential of CDV LAV for African wild dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE PROFILES OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA ISOLATED FROM WILD FELIDS IN COSTA RICA BETWEEN 2021 AND 2022. 2021 - 2022年从哥斯达黎加野生野地分离的肠沙门氏菌表型耐药谱
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1638/2023-0076
Ernesto Rojas-Sanchez, Lohendy Munoz-Vargas, Mauricio Jimenez-Soto

Salmonella spp. are one of the leading causes of illness, and in the last years there is an increasing interest in the role of different wild animals as reservoir of Salmonella enterica, especially multidrug resistant strains. To establish preventive and action strategies, it is essential to monitor bacterial resistance profiles and systematically collect information. This study aims to report Salmonella enterica and their resistance profile isolated from feces of wild felids that receive veterinary cares by the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Costa Rica in 2021 and 2022. Overall, 100% (7/7) of Salmonella spp. isolates exhibited resistance against cefazoline, followed by 71% (5/7) to ciprofloxacin, and 43% (3/7) to nitrofurantoin. A single isolate was found to be multidrug resistant against Ampicillin/Sulbactam-Cefazolin-Ceftriaxone-Gentamicin-Ciprofloxacin-Nitrofurantoin. These resistant profiles highlight that Salmonella enterica isolation can represent a threat to public health and wildlife conservation, especially for those organisms expressing resistant phenotypes to drugs commonly used in clinical settings. Fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella spp. have been called by the World Health Organization a high priority for research. As these organisms are expanding beyond livestock and hospital associated environments, to understand the epidemiology and impact of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella spp. we require a One Health approach.

沙门氏菌是导致疾病的主要原因之一,近年来,人们对不同野生动物作为肠道沙门氏菌储存库的作用越来越感兴趣,特别是多药耐药菌株。为了制定预防和行动战略,必须监测细菌耐药概况并系统地收集信息。本研究旨在报告2021年和2022年在哥斯达黎加西尔维斯特医院接受兽医护理的野生猫科动物粪便中分离出的肠沙门氏菌及其耐药性。总体而言,100%(7/7)沙门氏菌对头孢唑啉耐药,71%(5/7)对环丙沙星耐药,43%(3/7)对呋喃妥因耐药。发现一株菌株对氨苄西林/舒巴坦-头孢唑啉-头孢曲松-庆大霉素-环丙沙星-呋喃妥因多重耐药。这些耐药概况突出表明,肠炎沙门氏菌的分离可能对公共卫生和野生动物保护构成威胁,特别是对于那些对临床常用药物表达耐药表型的生物体。耐氟喹诺酮沙门氏菌被世界卫生组织列为优先研究对象。随着这些微生物扩展到牲畜和医院相关环境之外,为了了解耐氟喹诺酮沙门氏菌的流行病学和影响,我们需要一个“同一个健康”方法。
{"title":"PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE PROFILES OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA ISOLATED FROM WILD FELIDS IN COSTA RICA BETWEEN 2021 AND 2022.","authors":"Ernesto Rojas-Sanchez, Lohendy Munoz-Vargas, Mauricio Jimenez-Soto","doi":"10.1638/2023-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2023-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> spp. are one of the leading causes of illness, and in the last years there is an increasing interest in the role of different wild animals as reservoir of <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, especially multidrug resistant strains. To establish preventive and action strategies, it is essential to monitor bacterial resistance profiles and systematically collect information. This study aims to report <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and their resistance profile isolated from feces of wild felids that receive veterinary cares by the Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Costa Rica in 2021 and 2022. Overall, 100% (7/7) of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolates exhibited resistance against cefazoline, followed by 71% (5/7) to ciprofloxacin, and 43% (3/7) to nitrofurantoin. A single isolate was found to be multidrug resistant against Ampicillin/Sulbactam-Cefazolin-Ceftriaxone-Gentamicin-Ciprofloxacin-Nitrofurantoin. These resistant profiles highlight that <i>Salmonella enterica</i> isolation can represent a threat to public health and wildlife conservation, especially for those organisms expressing resistant phenotypes to drugs commonly used in clinical settings. Fluoroquinolone resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp. have been called by the World Health Organization a high priority for research. As these organisms are expanding beyond livestock and hospital associated environments, to understand the epidemiology and impact of fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> spp. we require a One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"55 4","pages":"1071-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FOOT RADIOGRAPHY IN EUROPEAN BISON (BISON BONASUS). 欧洲野牛(美洲野牛)足部放射照相。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1638/2024-0004
Stefan Hoby, Susanne Guthruf, Adrian Steiner, Elke Van der Vekens, Maher Alsaaod

Bone lengths of paired digits of front and hind limbs from 12 captive European bison (Bison bonasus) of different ages (from nine to 175 months) and sexes were measured on digital radiographs in palmarodorsal (PaD) and dorsoplantar (DPl) projections of each limb. All bone lengths were measured, and lateral/medial ratios calculated. The bone measurements included length of the canon bone condyle (LCBC), length of the first, second, and third phalanges (LP1, LP2, LP3), and overall digit length (OL). Furthermore, radiographic abnormalities such as new bone formation (NBF), soft tissue mineralization (SFT), osteolysis (OS), widened vascular channels (WVC), and soft tissue swelling (STS) were recorded using PaD, DPl, and oblique projections. NBF and SFT received a single combined grade as without radiographic changes (0), mild (one to 10 changes = 1), moderate (11 to 20 changes = 2), and severe (>20 changes = 3). OS, WVC, and STS were graded as 0 = absent and 1 = present. There were no significant differences (P > 0.1) of lateral to medial ratios for LCBC, LP1, LP2, and OL in front limbs as compared with hind limbs. Only LP3 was significantly longer (P = 0.004) in the lateral digit of the hind limbs as compared with the front limbs. For both the front and the hind limbs, the lateral LCBC, LP1, LP2, LP3 and OL were significantly longer than the respective measurements of the medial bones (P < 0.05), except for LP2 and LP3 of the hind limbs. Length measurement ratios did not vary significantly with age (P > 0.1). The most common radiographic changes were both NBF and SFT, observed in all animals from 39 months of age and older. This study provides baseline data on in vivo radiographic anatomy and evaluation of feet of European bison under field conditions.

采用数字x线摄影技术对12头不同年龄(9 ~ 175个月)和性别的圈养欧洲野牛(bison bonasus)的前肢和后肢成对指骨的骨长进行了测量。测量所有骨长度,计算外侧/内侧比。骨测量包括骨髁长度(LCBC),第一、第二和第三指骨(LP1、LP2、LP3)的长度,以及手指总长度(OL)。此外,影像学异常,如新骨形成(NBF),软组织矿化(SFT),骨溶解(OS),血管通道拓宽(WVC),软组织肿胀(STS)记录使用PaD, DPl和斜位投影。NBF和SFT分别被分为无影像学改变(0)、轻度(1 - 10次改变= 1)、中度(11 - 20次改变= 2)和重度(bbb20次改变= 3)。OS、WVC和STS分别被分为0 =无、1 =有。与后肢相比,前肢LCBC、LP1、LP2和OL的外侧与内侧比值无显著差异(P > 0.1)。只有后肢外侧指LP3明显长于前肢(P = 0.004)。除后肢LP2和LP3外,前肢和后肢外侧LCBC、LP1、LP2、LP3和OL均显著长于内侧骨(P < 0.05)。长度测量比随年龄变化不显著(P < 0.01)。最常见的影像学改变是NBF和SFT,在39月龄及以上的所有动物中都观察到。本研究为野外条件下欧洲野牛足部的活体放射解剖学和评估提供了基线数据。
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引用次数: 0
HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 10 CASES OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE MALAYSIAN FIRE SNAILS (PLATYMMA TWEEDIEI). 10例圈养马来西亚火螺死亡病例的组织病理学分析。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1638/2024-0005
Peter Richards-Rios, Ian Ashpole, Julian Chantrey, Alberto Rodriguez Barbon

Malaysian fire snails (Platymma tweediei), face threats to their environment, including habitat destruction and the illegal wildlife trade. Captive breeding projects are likely to play a role in the survival of this species; however, mortality in captive populations potentially presents a significant challenge. This paper presents the results of histopathologic examination of tissues from 10 P. tweediei casualties in a captive population at Chester Zoo. In October 2022, a captive breeding program was established with 20 wild-born P. tweediei. All adult founder animals died by July 2023, of which 10 were submitted for necropsy and histopathology of organs. Significant histologic abnormalities were present in all cases, primarily affecting the lung, integument, and heart. Histological analyses indicated a pneumonia-like condition was prevalent in all cases, suggesting potential environmental factors contributed to respiratory infections. A variety of possible etiologic or secondary infectious agents were present in sections including bacteria, fungi, and trematodes. There were some challenges in interpreting the histologic changes, emphasizing the need for more reference material and studies on the normal histologic anatomy of terrestrial gastropods. The findings underline the importance of understanding mortality events in captive populations to improve husbandry and environmental management. Additionally, the study recommends the submission of fresh specimens for necropsy to enhance diagnostic capabilities, such as bacterial culture, and suggests targeted sampling strategies for future research on captive snail species.

马来西亚火螺(Platymma tweediei)面临着环境威胁,包括栖息地破坏和非法野生动物贸易。圈养繁殖项目很可能在该物种的生存中发挥作用;然而,圈养种群的死亡率可能带来重大挑战。本文介绍了在切斯特动物园的一个圈养种群中,对10只崔氏斑蝶伤亡组织进行组织病理学检查的结果。2022年10月,建立了一个圈养繁殖计划,其中有20只野生的杜氏斑叶蝶。所有成虫均于2023年7月前死亡,其中10只进行尸检和器官组织病理学检查。所有病例均出现明显的组织学异常,主要影响肺、被膜和心脏。组织学分析显示,所有病例均有类似肺炎的情况,提示潜在的环境因素可能导致呼吸道感染。各种可能的病因或继发性传染因子存在于包括细菌、真菌和吸虫在内的部分。在解释这些组织学变化方面存在一些挑战,强调需要更多的参考资料和对陆生腹足动物正常组织学解剖的研究。这些发现强调了了解圈养种群的死亡事件对改善畜牧业和环境管理的重要性。此外,该研究建议提交新鲜标本进行尸检,以提高细菌培养等诊断能力,并为未来对圈养蜗牛物种的研究提出了有针对性的采样策略。
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 10 CASES OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE MALAYSIAN FIRE SNAILS (<i>PLATYMMA TWEEDIEI</i>).","authors":"Peter Richards-Rios, Ian Ashpole, Julian Chantrey, Alberto Rodriguez Barbon","doi":"10.1638/2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaysian fire snails <i>(Platymma tweediei)</i>, face threats to their environment, including habitat destruction and the illegal wildlife trade. Captive breeding projects are likely to play a role in the survival of this species; however, mortality in captive populations potentially presents a significant challenge. This paper presents the results of histopathologic examination of tissues from 10 <i>P. tweediei</i> casualties in a captive population at Chester Zoo. In October 2022, a captive breeding program was established with 20 wild-born <i>P. tweediei</i>. All adult founder animals died by July 2023, of which 10 were submitted for necropsy and histopathology of organs. Significant histologic abnormalities were present in all cases, primarily affecting the lung, integument, and heart. Histological analyses indicated a pneumonia-like condition was prevalent in all cases, suggesting potential environmental factors contributed to respiratory infections. A variety of possible etiologic or secondary infectious agents were present in sections including bacteria, fungi, and trematodes. There were some challenges in interpreting the histologic changes, emphasizing the need for more reference material and studies on the normal histologic anatomy of terrestrial gastropods. The findings underline the importance of understanding mortality events in captive populations to improve husbandry and environmental management. Additionally, the study recommends the submission of fresh specimens for necropsy to enhance diagnostic capabilities, such as bacterial culture, and suggests targeted sampling strategies for future research on captive snail species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","volume":"55 4","pages":"936-948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ASPERGILLOSIS IN JUVENILE FALCONS IN UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: PREVALENCE AND EFFECT OF HYBRIDIZATION. 阿拉伯联合酋长国幼鹰曲霉病的回顾性研究:杂交的流行和影响。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1638/2024-0067
Panagiotis N Azmanis, Agustin I Anzoategui, Antonio Di Somma, Stergios Intzes, Marianthi Symeonidou, Tom Bailey

Aspergillosis is the most important disease in hunting/racing falcons in the Middle East. Based on clinical observations, the gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) is considered to be more susceptible than other species of falcons, whereas it has been hypothesized that their hybrids might be more resistant. This retrospective study examined the endoscopic results of 3,754 captive-bred juvenile falcons of three different species and their hybrids, admitted to Dubai Falcon Hospital in their first year in the UAE over a 14-year period. A control cohort of confirmed genetic origin from Dubai Falcon Center was also examined. Aspergillosis was diagnosed in 887 falcons. The overall prevalence, regardless of species, was 24%. Gyrfalcons (F. rusticolus) had a prevalence of 27%, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) of 18%, and saker falcons (Falco cherrug) of 26%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of aspergillosis between the total hybrid population and the total purebred population. Among purebreds, there was a statistically significant difference only between gyrfalcon and peregrine falcon, with the gyrfalcon being more sensitive. Additionally, the gyrfalcon had a statistically higher prevalence of aspergillosis than the total population of gyrfalcon hybrids. The most resistant hybrid proved to be the gyrfalcon × peregrine (prevalence 20%). This was also verified in the Dubai Falcon Center cohort. In assessment of two main gyrfalcon hybrids in accordance with their parental ancestors, the gyrfalcon-peregrine hybrid proved to be more resistant than the gyrfalcon ancestry, but not the peregrine ancestry. The gyrfalcon-saker presented numerically higher prevalence (30%) than both parents (gyrfalcon, saker falcon), showing outbreeding depression. There was no statistically significant difference between captive-bred sakers (prevalence 24%) and legally harvested wild-caught sakers from Mongolia (prevalence 26%). This work partially confirmed the clinical hypothesis of gyrfalcon sensitivity and hybrid superiority regarding aspergillosis prevalence, only in relation to the peregrine falcon and the gyrfalcon-peregrine hybrid.

曲霉病是中东猎鹰/赛鹰中最重要的疾病。根据临床观察,灰隼(Falco rusticolus)被认为比其他种类的隼更容易受到感染,而它们的杂交品种可能更有抵抗力。这项回顾性研究检查了在阿联酋迪拜猎鹰医院第一年收治的3,754只人工饲养的三种不同物种的幼鹰及其杂交后代的内窥镜检查结果,历时14年。还检查了来自迪拜猎鹰中心的确认遗传来源的对照队列。在887只猎鹰中诊断出曲霉病。无论何种物种,总患病率为24%。灰隼(F. rusticolus)的患病率为27%,游隼(Falco peregrinus)的患病率为18%,萨克隼(Falco cherrug)的患病率为26%。杂交种群和纯种种群的曲霉病患病率无显著差异。纯种中,只有隼和游隼有统计学差异,且隼更敏感。此外,在统计上,回旋隼的曲霉病患病率高于回旋隼杂交种群的总数。最具抗性的杂交品种是隼×游隼(患病率20%)。这在迪拜猎鹰中心的队列中也得到了证实。根据其亲本祖先对两种主要的旋隼杂交种进行了评估,结果表明旋隼-游隼杂交种的抗性强于旋隼祖先,而强于游隼祖先。隼-saker在数值上的患病率(30%)高于双亲(gyrfalcon, saker falcon),表现出远交抑制。人工饲养的沙鱼(患病率24%)和蒙古合法捕捞的沙鱼(患病率26%)之间没有统计学上的显著差异。本研究部分证实了隼对曲霉病患病率敏感和杂交优势的临床假设,但仅限于游隼和隼-游隼杂交。
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引用次数: 0
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC PRESENTATIONS OF YERSINIOSIS IN VARIOUS NONDOMESTIC SPECIES: AN INVESTIGATION OF YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS OUTBREAKS FROM FOUR NORTH AMERICAN ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS. 各种非家养物种的耶尔森菌病的临床和病理表现:对北美四个动物机构的假结核耶尔森菌爆发的调查。
IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1638/2024-0024
Melanie Peel, Emily Hardgrove, Julie Swenson, Meredith Clancy, Matt Marinkovich, Michael M Garner, Holly Haefele, Benjamín Alcantar Hernández, Steven V Kubiski

Yersiniosis due to Yersinia psuedotuberculosis can be associated with high morbidity and mortality in various species and has been a cosmopolitan management challenge in zoological institutions. This gram-negative, environmental bacterium thrives in cold, wet conditions and poses a risk to zoo species. Outbreaks can be costly and impact conservation efforts through loss of threatened and endangered species. Antemortem or clinical diagnosis can be challenging due to intermittent fecal shedding and nonspecific clinical signs. This case series describes common clinical presentations, typical postmortem findings, and response to treatment and prophylaxis at four North American zoological institutions. In total, five outbreaks occurred at four institutions during the winter months from 2013 to 2021. Artiodactyls were by far the most common species involved, and clinical signs included separation from the herd, lethargy, diarrhea, and unexpected death. Other species affected in these outbreaks included cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), a great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus), a rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus), and a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Necrotizing enteritis with sepsis and pneumonia were common postmortem findings. Mortality rates were originally 76.7%, and herd prophylaxis with a third-generation cephalosporin reduced these rates. These data describe the observational and diagnostic tools to aid in timely diagnosis of a Yersinia outbreak across taxa. Aggressive treatment or prophylaxis were shown to improve survival rates.

由假结核耶尔森菌引起的耶尔森菌病在许多物种中具有很高的发病率和死亡率,已成为世界性动物机构管理的挑战。这种革兰氏阴性的环境细菌在寒冷潮湿的条件下繁殖,对动物园的物种构成威胁。疫情暴发可能代价高昂,并会造成受威胁和濒危物种的损失,从而影响保护工作。由于间歇性排便和非特异性临床症状,死前或临床诊断可能具有挑战性。本病例系列描述了常见的临床表现,典型的尸检结果,以及在四个北美动物机构对治疗和预防的反应。2013年至2021年冬季期间,四个机构共发生了5次疫情。偶蹄动物是迄今为止最常见的物种,其临床症状包括与兽群分离、嗜睡、腹泻和意外死亡。在这些暴发中受影响的其他物种包括猎豹(Acinonyx jubatus)、大尾白嘴鸦(Quiscalus mexicanus)、彩虹鹦鹉(Trichoglossus moluccanus)和松鼠猴(Saimiri sciureus)。坏死性肠炎合并败血症和肺炎是常见的尸检结果。最初的死亡率为76.7%,第三代头孢菌素的群体预防降低了这一死亡率。这些数据描述了观察和诊断工具,以帮助及时诊断跨分类群的耶尔森菌爆发。积极的治疗或预防被证明可以提高生存率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
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