A. Hoppe, L. Vieira, M. D. Barcellos, G. R. Oliveira
The objective of this research is to analyse the motivations and barriers to develop an innovative food product from the perspective of the two main participants in a development project. The perceptions of a Brazilian food co-operative and a Technological Centre were analysed throughout a case study. The results indicate the existence of a complex dyadic relationship between them and also that the food innovation network is still in its early stages in south of Brazil. The main motivation for the Technological Centre is to contribute to the national development policy. On the other hand, for the company there is the possibility to obtain partial funding for products development. The company is venturing while bringing to the food market an innovative product. Yet, it is clear that these kinds of inter-organizational collaborative efforts can bring benefits to food networks in general.
{"title":"Research and development project of innovative food products from an inter-organizational relationship perspective","authors":"A. Hoppe, L. Vieira, M. D. Barcellos, G. R. Oliveira","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X008","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to analyse the motivations and barriers to develop an innovative food product from the perspective of the two main participants in a development project. The perceptions of a Brazilian food co-operative and a Technological Centre were analysed throughout a case study. The results indicate the existence of a complex dyadic relationship between them and also that the food innovation network is still in its early stages in south of Brazil. The main motivation for the Technological Centre is to contribute to the national development policy. On the other hand, for the company there is the possibility to obtain partial funding for products development. The company is venturing while bringing to the food market an innovative product. Yet, it is clear that these kinds of inter-organizational collaborative efforts can bring benefits to food networks in general.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"59 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85441459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European economy, and particularly the food sector, is characterised by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Networking represents for SMEs an opportunity to meet their needs in terms of know-how, and technological and financial resources with the main purpose of fostering innovation and facing global competition. Most scientific studies investigating networking for innovation focus on SMEs as a whole without exploring possible differences between SMEs. An important question to be posed is whether the firms within groups of SMEs behave the same in terms of innovation. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether different ‘innovation profiles’ of Italian food SMEs can be distinguished and to identify the structural factors associated with different profiles, with particular attention to size and networking. The methodology consists of a cluster analysis on data obtained by standardized on-line questionnaires compiled by Italian agri-food SMEs. Moreover, besides the identification of possible het...
{"title":"Distinguishing the innovation behaviour of micro, small and medium food enterprises","authors":"F. Minarelli, M. Raggi, D. Viaggi","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X004","url":null,"abstract":"The European economy, and particularly the food sector, is characterised by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Networking represents for SMEs an opportunity to meet their needs in terms of know-how, and technological and financial resources with the main purpose of fostering innovation and facing global competition. Most scientific studies investigating networking for innovation focus on SMEs as a whole without exploring possible differences between SMEs. An important question to be posed is whether the firms within groups of SMEs behave the same in terms of innovation. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether different ‘innovation profiles’ of Italian food SMEs can be distinguished and to identify the structural factors associated with different profiles, with particular attention to size and networking. The methodology consists of a cluster analysis on data obtained by standardized on-line questionnaires compiled by Italian agri-food SMEs. Moreover, besides the identification of possible het...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84199271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building on a literature review and an illustration with a concrete example, the goal of this article is to propose an analytical framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation in food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) putting forward the issue of network effects. Indeed innovation networks and networking activities, as in any innovation process, are major means to enhance and foster CSR in SMEs, but the interests and concrete consequences of the network perspective for innovation capacity enhancement are rarely addressed. To do so we suggest considering CSR implementation as a type of managerial innovation and define by analogical reasoning the main categories of network effects found in the literature. From these, three critical dimensions of network effects are identified: structural, interactive and cognitive, each of them affecting specific dimensions of the innovation process. This analytical framework is synthesized and adapted for CSR implementation and then applied to a case study of a food SME involved in a collective initiative in France, putting in evidence these effects. Finally some managerial implications and concluding comments are drawn.
{"title":"Analyzing network effects of Corporate Social Responsibility implementation in food small and medium enterprises","authors":"L. Sauvée, G. Shiri","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X005","url":null,"abstract":"Building on a literature review and an illustration with a concrete example, the goal of this article is to propose an analytical framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation in food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) putting forward the issue of network effects. Indeed innovation networks and networking activities, as in any innovation process, are major means to enhance and foster CSR in SMEs, but the interests and concrete consequences of the network perspective for innovation capacity enhancement are rarely addressed. To do so we suggest considering CSR implementation as a type of managerial innovation and define by analogical reasoning the main categories of network effects found in the literature. From these, three critical dimensions of network effects are identified: structural, interactive and cognitive, each of them affecting specific dimensions of the innovation process. This analytical framework is synthesized and adapted for CSR implementation and then applied to a case study of a food SME involved in a collective initiative in France, putting in evidence these effects. Finally some managerial implications and concluding comments are drawn.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"103-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84916445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important concept in innovation literature is open innovation, where firms may use knowledge of other companies to develop new products or processes. However, there is a tension between the desire to be open, to profit from the knowledge of others, and the desire to be closed to prevent others from making use of the firms own profitable knowledge. Formal and non-formal intellectual property (IP) protection mechanisms may protect the company in an innovation alliance, but are often costly and may hinder flexibility and creativity. In the present paper the role of formal and non-formal IP protection arrangements and communication on the building and maintenance of trust and ultimately on performance has been investigated. A survey questionnaire was combined with semi-structured interviews of CEOs and R&D managers of seven companies and two commercial research organizations in the seed sector, one agrifood company, one commercial research organization in the agrifood and one commercial research organization in the high-tech sector. Thirty-three innovation alliances were investigated in total. It was found that for companies active in an innovation alliance it is important to understand how prior experiences, IP protection and communication influence the level of trust in an alliance, and that the level of trust is positively related to innovation performance. Recommendations are given for open innovation managers how to make optimal use of the innovation potential of the alliance partner(s), by fostering communication within the alliance and by using formal IP protection arrangements as a platform to create trust within the alliance.
{"title":"The role of prior experience, intellectual property protection and communication on trust and performance in innovation alliances","authors":"Richard Jacob Ruitenburg, F. Fortuin, S. Omta","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X006","url":null,"abstract":"An important concept in innovation literature is open innovation, where firms may use knowledge of other companies to develop new products or processes. However, there is a tension between the desire to be open, to profit from the knowledge of others, and the desire to be closed to prevent others from making use of the firms own profitable knowledge. Formal and non-formal intellectual property (IP) protection mechanisms may protect the company in an innovation alliance, but are often costly and may hinder flexibility and creativity. In the present paper the role of formal and non-formal IP protection arrangements and communication on the building and maintenance of trust and ultimately on performance has been investigated. A survey questionnaire was combined with semi-structured interviews of CEOs and R&D managers of seven companies and two commercial research organizations in the seed sector, one agrifood company, one commercial research organization in the agrifood and one commercial research organization in the high-tech sector. Thirty-three innovation alliances were investigated in total. It was found that for companies active in an innovation alliance it is important to understand how prior experiences, IP protection and communication influence the level of trust in an alliance, and that the level of trust is positively related to innovation performance. Recommendations are given for open innovation managers how to make optimal use of the innovation potential of the alliance partner(s), by fostering communication within the alliance and by using formal IP protection arrangements as a platform to create trust within the alliance.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76543339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISSN 1569-1829 print, ISSN 1875-0931 online, DOI 10.3920/JCNS2014.x002 79 The NetGrow project (2010-2014) has the overall objective to enhance network learning in order to increase innovation, economic growth, and sustainable competitive advantage for European food SMEs. Instrumental for achieving this is a thorough understanding of: the nature of network learning, the attitude of food SMEs in different EU member states and the functioning and performance of different types of networks. According to this general approach, the NetGrow project has several specific research objectives, including: (1) gaining a profound understanding of the role of network learning in developing innovation in food SMEs and of its impact on economic growth and sustainable competitiveness, its success factors and barriers; (2) identifying the characteristics of food SMEs network preferences and behaviour explaining the positive effect of networking on innovation; (3) analysing differences in the preference for network characteristics between food SMEs with a different innovation capacity; (4) developing an analytical prototype tool for evaluating network learning performance which allows comparison of performance between regions, countries and sectors; (5) identifying and explaining the differences between highand low performing networks by testing the network learning performance tool; and finally (6) enhancing the competences and skills of food SMEs, network organisations and policy makers related to this topic of innovation networks and networking activities for innovation.
{"title":"Foreword: networking for innovation in agrifood SMEs","authors":"L. Sauvée","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X002","url":null,"abstract":"ISSN 1569-1829 print, ISSN 1875-0931 online, DOI 10.3920/JCNS2014.x002 79 The NetGrow project (2010-2014) has the overall objective to enhance network learning in order to increase innovation, economic growth, and sustainable competitive advantage for European food SMEs. Instrumental for achieving this is a thorough understanding of: the nature of network learning, the attitude of food SMEs in different EU member states and the functioning and performance of different types of networks. According to this general approach, the NetGrow project has several specific research objectives, including: (1) gaining a profound understanding of the role of network learning in developing innovation in food SMEs and of its impact on economic growth and sustainable competitiveness, its success factors and barriers; (2) identifying the characteristics of food SMEs network preferences and behaviour explaining the positive effect of networking on innovation; (3) analysing differences in the preference for network characteristics between food SMEs with a different innovation capacity; (4) developing an analytical prototype tool for evaluating network learning performance which allows comparison of performance between regions, countries and sectors; (5) identifying and explaining the differences between highand low performing networks by testing the network learning performance tool; and finally (6) enhancing the competences and skills of food SMEs, network organisations and policy makers related to this topic of innovation networks and networking activities for innovation.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"79-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84630723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Value chain analysis has been adopted by several research and funding institutions for analysing local development opportunities. Development practitioners, however, are still looking for more solid grounds for value chain strategy development, especially since the expected outcomes of interventions, such as poverty reduction, have been unclear. This paper aims to extend the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework to connect value chain strategies, such as product, market, technology and governance choices, to outcomes with respect to local development. The extended SCP framework is developed through a literature review and an analysis of structure, conduct and performance aspects and their interactions. In this extended value chain SCP framework, the unit of analysis is not a firm, but a portion of a value chain in a territory, a local netchain, competing against another netchain elsewhere. The proposed value chain SCP framework highlights categories of structure, conduct and performance for value ...
{"title":"Integrating structure, conduct and performance into value chain analysis","authors":"H. S. D. F. Junior, M. Meuwissen, A. Lansink","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Value chain analysis has been adopted by several research and funding institutions for analysing local development opportunities. Development practitioners, however, are still looking for more solid grounds for value chain strategy development, especially since the expected outcomes of interventions, such as poverty reduction, have been unclear. This paper aims to extend the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework to connect value chain strategies, such as product, market, technology and governance choices, to outcomes with respect to local development. The extended SCP framework is developed through a literature review and an analysis of structure, conduct and performance aspects and their interactions. In this extended value chain SCP framework, the unit of analysis is not a firm, but a portion of a value chain in a territory, a local netchain, competing against another netchain elsewhere. The proposed value chain SCP framework highlights categories of structure, conduct and performance for value ...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"33 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89908844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dentoni, G. Tonsor, R. Calantone, H. C. Peterson
Based on the case of US consumer choice of beef steak brands, this study investigates how individual perceptions of information source credibility influence food brand choices. In particular, it tackles the questions: which stakeholders inside or outside the food chain are perceived as credible information sources in promoting food quality? Which consumer segments perceive different stakeholders as credible? What is the relationship between consumers' perceptions of stakeholder credibility and their brand choices? Data are collected from a representative sample of 460 US citizens through an online survey in November 2009 and analyzed through a set of path models. Results provide evidence that: perceptions of stakeholder credibility overall influence their beef brand choices; consumer perceptions that a stakeholder is knowledgeable and has no vested interests are negatively associated; government and family & friends are the stakeholders that mostly influence consumer beef brand choice, although difference...
{"title":"Consumers' perceptions of stakeholder credibility: who has it and who perceives it","authors":"D. Dentoni, G. Tonsor, R. Calantone, H. C. Peterson","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0228","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the case of US consumer choice of beef steak brands, this study investigates how individual perceptions of information source credibility influence food brand choices. In particular, it tackles the questions: which stakeholders inside or outside the food chain are perceived as credible information sources in promoting food quality? Which consumer segments perceive different stakeholders as credible? What is the relationship between consumers' perceptions of stakeholder credibility and their brand choices? Data are collected from a representative sample of 460 US citizens through an online survey in November 2009 and analyzed through a set of path models. Results provide evidence that: perceptions of stakeholder credibility overall influence their beef brand choices; consumer perceptions that a stakeholder is knowledgeable and has no vested interests are negatively associated; government and family & friends are the stakeholders that mostly influence consumer beef brand choice, although difference...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90801837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to verify the existence of asymmetric price transmission in the farm, wholesale and retail dry bean market in Sāo Paulo, Brazil. The dry bean market is characterised by high price volatility, mainly due to harmful interference from informal actors. Consequently, the prices being practiced at different chain levels have asymmetric transmission, which can be explained by failures in coordination, opportunistic behaviour of farmers and intermediaries, and the asymmetry of information amongst actors within the chain. Our findings confirm those of the existing literature - in situations of asymmetric price transmission, price increases at farm level are more intensely transmitted to wholesalers and retailers than price decreases. Consequently, the common bean market shows inefficiencies in price transmission along the chain, as price increases at farm level generate higher impacts on retail prices, violating the absolute form of purchasing power parity.
{"title":"Asymmetry in farm-to-retail dry bean price transmission in Sāo Paulo, Brazil","authors":"C. A. D. Cunha, A. Wander","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0233","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to verify the existence of asymmetric price transmission in the farm, wholesale and retail dry bean market in Sāo Paulo, Brazil. The dry bean market is characterised by high price volatility, mainly due to harmful interference from informal actors. Consequently, the prices being practiced at different chain levels have asymmetric transmission, which can be explained by failures in coordination, opportunistic behaviour of farmers and intermediaries, and the asymmetry of information amongst actors within the chain. Our findings confirm those of the existing literature - in situations of asymmetric price transmission, price increases at farm level are more intensely transmitted to wholesalers and retailers than price decreases. Consequently, the common bean market shows inefficiencies in price transmission along the chain, as price increases at farm level generate higher impacts on retail prices, violating the absolute form of purchasing power parity.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83381356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kemp, R. Nijhoff-Savvaki, Richard Jacob Ruitenburg, J. Trienekens, S. Omta
This paper explores the process of adoption of innovations in pig husbandry systems in the Netherlands, related to sustainability challenges that the pig sector is facing. It investigates the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to build a new stable, as well as the choice to build either a conventional or a more sustainable stable. It demonstrates the impact of the adopter characteristics (such as age and knowledge), operation characteristics (such as type, size and location of the farm) and institutional setting (such as influence of government and other stakeholders) on these decisions. Jointly these represent the factors that shape the farmer's perception of the adoption of a more sustainable pig husbandry system. In the current policy context there is much interest in knowing how farmers respond to sustainability-oriented policies. Seen in this light it is reassuring that the present study shows that next to profit orientation, a positive attitude (based on knowledge about the environmental impact of farming) towards the environment is needed for the decision to build a more sustainable stable.
{"title":"Sustainability-related innovation adoption: the case of the Dutch pig farmer","authors":"R. Kemp, R. Nijhoff-Savvaki, Richard Jacob Ruitenburg, J. Trienekens, S. Omta","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0240","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the process of adoption of innovations in pig husbandry systems in the Netherlands, related to sustainability challenges that the pig sector is facing. It investigates the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to build a new stable, as well as the choice to build either a conventional or a more sustainable stable. It demonstrates the impact of the adopter characteristics (such as age and knowledge), operation characteristics (such as type, size and location of the farm) and institutional setting (such as influence of government and other stakeholders) on these decisions. Jointly these represent the factors that shape the farmer's perception of the adoption of a more sustainable pig husbandry system. In the current policy context there is much interest in knowing how farmers respond to sustainability-oriented policies. Seen in this light it is reassuring that the present study shows that next to profit orientation, a positive attitude (based on knowledge about the environmental impact of farming) towards the environment is needed for the decision to build a more sustainable stable.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86881495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research examining bioscience networks has been studied from two perspectives. One view comes from economics and the other sociology. We examine the technical (material flows) and people aspects (information sharing) of interdependency in the context of economic exchanges in a bioscience network. The empirical contributions are the techniques used to explain the network structure of a burgeoning animal health and nutrition bioscience network and the portability of network analysis concepts that provides the potential to manage diverse business networks. The results suggest the economic exchanges can be traced back to the underlying interactions that safeguard transactions and influence the flow of resources and information.
{"title":"An examination of transaction interdependency: a perspective in the animal health and nutrition industrial system","authors":"Keith Harris, H. James","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0236","url":null,"abstract":"The research examining bioscience networks has been studied from two perspectives. One view comes from economics and the other sociology. We examine the technical (material flows) and people aspects (information sharing) of interdependency in the context of economic exchanges in a bioscience network. The empirical contributions are the techniques used to explain the network structure of a burgeoning animal health and nutrition bioscience network and the portability of network analysis concepts that provides the potential to manage diverse business networks. The results suggest the economic exchanges can be traced back to the underlying interactions that safeguard transactions and influence the flow of resources and information.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79381078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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