L. Casini, C. Contini, Caterina Romano, G. Scozzafava
The transformations in dietary habits that have occurred over recent decades draw attention to important issues concerning the relationship between lifestyles, diet and health, and open up new challenges for operators in the agricultural and food sector. This study intends to analyse these evolutions, comparing the dietary preferences of generation X in 2001 with its dietary preferences in 2011, and those of the following generation, the so-called generation Y. The analysis was conducted by applying latent class clustering to the food spending of a representative sample of Italian consumers. It has enabled us to identify the prevalent food patterns in 2001 and 2011 and to analyse their transformations, interpreting them in the light of social, cultural and economic changes. The comparison of food pattern characteristics over this period highlights the emergence of trends that move in two different directions. The first of these is the rise of a new dietary sensitivity towards a healthy diet rich in fruits...
{"title":"Changes in dietary preferences: new challenges for sustainability and innovation","authors":"L. Casini, C. Contini, Caterina Romano, G. Scozzafava","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X013","url":null,"abstract":"The transformations in dietary habits that have occurred over recent decades draw attention to important issues concerning the relationship between lifestyles, diet and health, and open up new challenges for operators in the agricultural and food sector. This study intends to analyse these evolutions, comparing the dietary preferences of generation X in 2001 with its dietary preferences in 2011, and those of the following generation, the so-called generation Y. The analysis was conducted by applying latent class clustering to the food spending of a representative sample of Italian consumers. It has enabled us to identify the prevalent food patterns in 2001 and 2011 and to analyse their transformations, interpreting them in the light of social, cultural and economic changes. The comparison of food pattern characteristics over this period highlights the emergence of trends that move in two different directions. The first of these is the rise of a new dietary sensitivity towards a healthy diet rich in fruits...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75962498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Blasi, C. Monotti, L. Ruini, C. Landi, Giulia Avolio, P. Meriggi
This research is a first attempt to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the diffusion of an eco-innovation in the durum wheat sourcing and supply chain. Barilla Sustainable Farming is taken as a case study to describe the process of the introduction and diffusion of an innovative practice whose benefits could be transferred to all sourcing and supply chain actors. The eco-innovation is described and analysed, from its origin through its development into ‘theoretical’ and ‘in-field experimentations’, to get to the final empirical analysis (via focus groups), aimed at assessing the possible impact of the initiative in economic and environmental terms, as well as at understanding the main drivers of success of the eco-innovation in terms of increase in value across the sourcing and supply chain.
{"title":"Eco-innovation as a driver in the agri-food value chain: an empirical study on durum wheat in Italy","authors":"E. Blasi, C. Monotti, L. Ruini, C. Landi, Giulia Avolio, P. Meriggi","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X014","url":null,"abstract":"This research is a first attempt to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the diffusion of an eco-innovation in the durum wheat sourcing and supply chain. Barilla Sustainable Farming is taken as a case study to describe the process of the introduction and diffusion of an innovative practice whose benefits could be transferred to all sourcing and supply chain actors. The eco-innovation is described and analysed, from its origin through its development into ‘theoretical’ and ‘in-field experimentations’, to get to the final empirical analysis (via focus groups), aimed at assessing the possible impact of the initiative in economic and environmental terms, as well as at understanding the main drivers of success of the eco-innovation in terms of increase in value across the sourcing and supply chain.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77453047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food an...
{"title":"Analysing indicators of industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains","authors":"S. Bornkessel, S. Bröring, S. Omta","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X011","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food an...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"111 3S 1","pages":"213-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Is any firm able to internalize any transaction at any time? What explains changes in the vertical coordination strategy adopted by firms through time in a context of institutional and technological stability? This paper uses the example of an emerging wine region, the state of Missouri, to discuss the sources of organizational diversity. We analyse ten case studies of Missouri wineries to investigate the reasons why different organizational strategies are chosen by each firm. This outcome is observed although their managers have similar perceptions when it comes to optimal organizational choices. The fundamental idea developed in this paper is that organizational alignment is based not only on the characteristics of transactions and governance structures, but also on the features of the capabilities and resources owned by economic agents. Two main objectives are accomplished in this work: (1) a set of theoretical propositions is offered, providing a conceptual framework that can be used in other contexts...
{"title":"Explaining organizational diversity in emerging industries: the role of capabilities","authors":"B. Miranda, F. Chaddad","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X012","url":null,"abstract":"Is any firm able to internalize any transaction at any time? What explains changes in the vertical coordination strategy adopted by firms through time in a context of institutional and technological stability? This paper uses the example of an emerging wine region, the state of Missouri, to discuss the sources of organizational diversity. We analyse ten case studies of Missouri wineries to investigate the reasons why different organizational strategies are chosen by each firm. This outcome is observed although their managers have similar perceptions when it comes to optimal organizational choices. The fundamental idea developed in this paper is that organizational alignment is based not only on the characteristics of transactions and governance structures, but also on the features of the capabilities and resources owned by economic agents. Two main objectives are accomplished in this work: (1) a set of theoretical propositions is offered, providing a conceptual framework that can be used in other contexts...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86664889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With ongoing globalization, farmers in developing and transition countries are increasingly challenged by the complex organizational structure of international food supply chains. This study seeks to identify how the interplay of supply chain network relationships, which are determined by situational factors affecting farms and their business environment, influences farmers' performance. A theoretical framework is developed and empirically applied to data obtained from a standardized survey of 81 Chilean raspberry producers, 80 Chilean avocado producers and 80 Chilean table grape producers using partial least squares analysis. The results of the comparative analysis of the three producer groups reveal that supply chain network relationships in the Chilean raspberry, avocado and table grape sectors highly predict each other's and the farmers' performance. Thereby, the results do not differ greatly among the three supply chains. The results provide interesting implications, indicating that Chilean small and...
{"title":"The influence of the interplay of supply chain network relationships on farmers' performance in the Chilean NTAE sector","authors":"V. Otter, A. Engler, L. Theuvsen","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X010","url":null,"abstract":"With ongoing globalization, farmers in developing and transition countries are increasingly challenged by the complex organizational structure of international food supply chains. This study seeks to identify how the interplay of supply chain network relationships, which are determined by situational factors affecting farms and their business environment, influences farmers' performance. A theoretical framework is developed and empirically applied to data obtained from a standardized survey of 81 Chilean raspberry producers, 80 Chilean avocado producers and 80 Chilean table grape producers using partial least squares analysis. The results of the comparative analysis of the three producer groups reveal that supply chain network relationships in the Chilean raspberry, avocado and table grape sectors highly predict each other's and the farmers' performance. Thereby, the results do not differ greatly among the three supply chains. The results provide interesting implications, indicating that Chilean small and...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"149-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nilsson, Carolina Liljenstolpe, L. Lind, S. Liang
The ownership of food processing firms affects farmers supplying those firms with agricultural products. This study examined the effects of supplying either a farmer-controlled business (FCB) or competing investor-owned firms (IOFs). An FCB is owned and controlled partly by farmers and partly by external investors. Analysis of data obtained from a survey of pig producers in Sweden indicated that partial ownership by farmers resulted in them perceiving the FCB as having some cooperative traits. The FCB suppliers were less inclined to exit, used their voice more, and showed greater loyalty than the IOF suppliers. In the long term, however, the farmers’ relatively positive view of FCBs might change because this organizational form contains inherent conflicts between the interests of the farmers and the external investors. As competition intensity increases and primary agriculture becomes increasingly concentrated, the co-operative features of an FCB are due to become vaguer over time. These problems may threaten the long-term existence of FCBs.
{"title":"A farmer-controlled business from a farmer perspective","authors":"J. Nilsson, Carolina Liljenstolpe, L. Lind, S. Liang","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0244","url":null,"abstract":"The ownership of food processing firms affects farmers supplying those firms with agricultural products. This study examined the effects of supplying either a farmer-controlled business (FCB) or competing investor-owned firms (IOFs). An FCB is owned and controlled partly by farmers and partly by external investors. Analysis of data obtained from a survey of pig producers in Sweden indicated that partial ownership by farmers resulted in them perceiving the FCB as having some cooperative traits. The FCB suppliers were less inclined to exit, used their voice more, and showed greater loyalty than the IOF suppliers. In the long term, however, the farmers’ relatively positive view of FCBs might change because this organizational form contains inherent conflicts between the interests of the farmers and the external investors. As competition intensity increases and primary agriculture becomes increasingly concentrated, the co-operative features of an FCB are due to become vaguer over time. These problems may threaten the long-term existence of FCBs.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"210 1","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80624822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovation is a key issue in the discussion about the links between agriculture, food production and sustainability. Indeed, the creation, adoption and exploitation of innovations can interact with all three dimensions of sustainability – environment, society and economy. Despite the increasing support for innovation practices in the agrifood sector from institutions and public policies, innovation in this sector has spread quite slowly. Indeed, the diffusion of innovations strongly depends on the social, institutional and productive system behind the technological/structural features of the farms. The analysis of the drivers underpinning the innovation diffusion dynamics in agriculture is therefore a very interesting topic for studies in this domain. This paper aims to provide a map of the diffusion of innovations in the Italian agricultural sector, highlighting differences and territorial specificities. We try to explain the drivers and factors influencing such specificities, drawing from data on the ag...
{"title":"The drivers of innovation diffusion in agriculture: evidence from Italian census data","authors":"Giulia Avolio, E. Blasi, C. Cicatiello, S. Franco","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X009","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is a key issue in the discussion about the links between agriculture, food production and sustainability. Indeed, the creation, adoption and exploitation of innovations can interact with all three dimensions of sustainability – environment, society and economy. Despite the increasing support for innovation practices in the agrifood sector from institutions and public policies, innovation in this sector has spread quite slowly. Indeed, the diffusion of innovations strongly depends on the social, institutional and productive system behind the technological/structural features of the farms. The analysis of the drivers underpinning the innovation diffusion dynamics in agriculture is therefore a very interesting topic for studies in this domain. This paper aims to provide a map of the diffusion of innovations in the Italian agricultural sector, highlighting differences and territorial specificities. We try to explain the drivers and factors influencing such specificities, drawing from data on the ag...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"231-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. M. B. Vinholis, H. D. S. Filho, Marcelo José Carrer, F. Chaddad
A transaction cost economics framework was used to test hypotheses on the alignment of transaction attributes and governance structures using data from a sample of 84 beef cattle farms in Brazil. A bivariate logit model was employed. It was found that the adoption of traceability and its certification and highly capital-intensive production systems, used here as proxies for asset specificity, plays a positive role in the choice of hybrid forms of governance.
{"title":"Transaction attributes and adoption of hybrid governance in the Brazilian cattle market","authors":"M. D. M. B. Vinholis, H. D. S. Filho, Marcelo José Carrer, F. Chaddad","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.0239","url":null,"abstract":"A transaction cost economics framework was used to test hypotheses on the alignment of transaction attributes and governance structures using data from a sample of 84 beef cattle farms in Brazil. A bivariate logit model was employed. It was found that the adoption of traceability and its certification and highly capital-intensive production systems, used here as proxies for asset specificity, plays a positive role in the choice of hybrid forms of governance.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84761020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on innovation in agrifood business is looking for new perspectives and for new ways of implementing actual results and of combining different theoretical perspectives. To do so we propose the concept of ‘networked innovation’ to summarize what we consider as the core notions necessary to mobilize to understand the complex phenomena of innovation in modern agrifood knowledge-based businesses and economies. Firstly we summarize the theoretical backgrounds and propose our own definition of the concept, which is rooted in a processual treatment of knowledge creation and transformation that came out mainly from the relevant literature on organization theory, strategic management and knowledge management. Then the content of the notion is developed around three main items, which are: (1) the multilevel embeddedness of innovation; (2) the roles and forms of learning for innovation; (3) the becoming nature of innovation processes. In the concluding comments some implications of the research for agrifood ...
{"title":"Networked innovation: a concept for knowledge-based agrifood business","authors":"Zam-Zam Abdirahman, M. Cherni, L. Sauvée","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X003","url":null,"abstract":"Research on innovation in agrifood business is looking for new perspectives and for new ways of implementing actual results and of combining different theoretical perspectives. To do so we propose the concept of ‘networked innovation’ to summarize what we consider as the core notions necessary to mobilize to understand the complex phenomena of innovation in modern agrifood knowledge-based businesses and economies. Firstly we summarize the theoretical backgrounds and propose our own definition of the concept, which is rooted in a processual treatment of knowledge creation and transformation that came out mainly from the relevant literature on organization theory, strategic management and knowledge management. Then the content of the notion is developed around three main items, which are: (1) the multilevel embeddedness of innovation; (2) the roles and forms of learning for innovation; (3) the becoming nature of innovation processes. In the concluding comments some implications of the research for agrifood ...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81470622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Setting up a network is considered as a key factor for the success of a small and medium enterprise (SME) to innovate and to create value through innovation. Moreover, there are difficulties in setting up such a network in the case of competing companies. Such ‘coopetition’ is based on knowledge transfer and resource sharing. But this kind of partnership may be used in an opportunistic way by some partners. The objective of this paper is to focus on these difficulties in managing a network of competing SMEs in order to manage an innovation whilst avoiding opportunistic strategies, using the analysis of the animal genetic selection industry in France.
{"title":"How to manage free riders in a network of competitors: the case of animal genetic selection industry in France","authors":"C. Assens, F. Coléno","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2014.X007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2014.X007","url":null,"abstract":"Setting up a network is considered as a key factor for the success of a small and medium enterprise (SME) to innovate and to create value through innovation. Moreover, there are difficulties in setting up such a network in the case of competing companies. Such ‘coopetition’ is based on knowledge transfer and resource sharing. But this kind of partnership may be used in an opportunistic way by some partners. The objective of this paper is to focus on these difficulties in managing a network of competing SMEs in order to manage an innovation whilst avoiding opportunistic strategies, using the analysis of the animal genetic selection industry in France.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"75 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90986886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}