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Changes in dietary preferences: new challenges for sustainability and innovation 饮食偏好的变化:可持续性和创新的新挑战
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X013
L. Casini, C. Contini, Caterina Romano, G. Scozzafava
The transformations in dietary habits that have occurred over recent decades draw attention to important issues concerning the relationship between lifestyles, diet and health, and open up new challenges for operators in the agricultural and food sector. This study intends to analyse these evolutions, comparing the dietary preferences of generation X in 2001 with its dietary preferences in 2011, and those of the following generation, the so-called generation Y. The analysis was conducted by applying latent class clustering to the food spending of a representative sample of Italian consumers. It has enabled us to identify the prevalent food patterns in 2001 and 2011 and to analyse their transformations, interpreting them in the light of social, cultural and economic changes. The comparison of food pattern characteristics over this period highlights the emergence of trends that move in two different directions. The first of these is the rise of a new dietary sensitivity towards a healthy diet rich in fruits...
近几十年来饮食习惯的转变使人们注意到有关生活方式、饮食和健康之间关系的重要问题,并为农业和食品部门的经营者带来了新的挑战。本研究旨在分析这些演变,比较2001年的X一代与2011年的X一代的饮食偏好,以及下一代,即所谓的y一代的饮食偏好。分析通过对意大利消费者代表性样本的食品消费应用潜在类聚类来进行。它使我们能够识别2001年和2011年流行的食物模式,并分析其转变,根据社会、文化和经济变化对其进行解释。这一时期食物模式特征的比较突出了两个不同方向的趋势的出现。首先是对富含水果的健康饮食的新的饮食敏感性的上升。
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引用次数: 3
Eco-innovation as a driver in the agri-food value chain: an empirical study on durum wheat in Italy 生态创新在农业食品价值链中的驱动作用:意大利硬粒小麦的实证研究
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X014
E. Blasi, C. Monotti, L. Ruini, C. Landi, Giulia Avolio, P. Meriggi
This research is a first attempt to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts related to the diffusion of an eco-innovation in the durum wheat sourcing and supply chain. Barilla Sustainable Farming is taken as a case study to describe the process of the introduction and diffusion of an innovative practice whose benefits could be transferred to all sourcing and supply chain actors. The eco-innovation is described and analysed, from its origin through its development into ‘theoretical’ and ‘in-field experimentations’, to get to the final empirical analysis (via focus groups), aimed at assessing the possible impact of the initiative in economic and environmental terms, as well as at understanding the main drivers of success of the eco-innovation in terms of increase in value across the sourcing and supply chain.
本研究首次尝试评估与硬粒小麦采购和供应链中生态创新扩散相关的经济、社会和环境影响。以巴里拉可持续农业为例,描述了一种创新实践的引入和传播过程,这种实践的好处可以转移到所有采购和供应链参与者。从生态创新的起源到发展到“理论”和“现场实验”,对其进行描述和分析,以获得最终的实证分析(通过焦点小组),旨在评估该倡议在经济和环境方面的可能影响,以及了解生态创新成功的主要驱动因素,即整个采购和供应链的价值增加。
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引用次数: 23
Analysing indicators of industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains 四种益生菌创新价值链的产业融合指标分析
Pub Date : 2014-11-21 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X011
S. Bornkessel, S. Bröring, S. Omta
The relevance of cross-industry innovation has increased in recent decades with a growing number of inter-industry fields emerging on the borderline between formerly distinct industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse industry convergence in four probiotics innovation value chains based on the following indicators: cross-industry relationships along the innovation value chain as well as knowledge, technological, regulatory and competence convergence. In so doing, the study delivers a framework of indicators for scrutinising industry convergence processes. In order to identify industry convergence, we analyse companies in the converging area of foods and drugs based on products containing the four bacteria strains: Lactobacillus caseii DN 114001, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Hence, the commercial availability of the strains on the market serves as a selection criterion. Altogether 12 companies stemming from four industrial backgrounds, food an...
近几十年来,随着越来越多的跨行业领域出现在以前不同行业之间的边界上,跨行业创新的相关性有所增加。本文旨在通过创新价值链上的跨行业关系以及知识、技术、监管和能力的趋同等指标分析益生菌创新价值链的产业趋同。在此过程中,该研究提供了一个审查行业融合过程的指标框架。为了确定行业趋同,我们基于含有干酪乳杆菌DN 114001、乳酸双歧杆菌Bb12、嗜酸乳杆菌LA5和鼠李糖乳杆菌这四种菌株的产品对食品和药品趋同领域的公司进行了分析。因此,菌株在市场上的商业可用性是一种选择标准。共有12家公司来自四个行业背景,食品和…
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引用次数: 15
Explaining organizational diversity in emerging industries: the role of capabilities 解释新兴产业的组织多样性:能力的作用
Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X012
B. Miranda, F. Chaddad
Is any firm able to internalize any transaction at any time? What explains changes in the vertical coordination strategy adopted by firms through time in a context of institutional and technological stability? This paper uses the example of an emerging wine region, the state of Missouri, to discuss the sources of organizational diversity. We analyse ten case studies of Missouri wineries to investigate the reasons why different organizational strategies are chosen by each firm. This outcome is observed although their managers have similar perceptions when it comes to optimal organizational choices. The fundamental idea developed in this paper is that organizational alignment is based not only on the characteristics of transactions and governance structures, but also on the features of the capabilities and resources owned by economic agents. Two main objectives are accomplished in this work: (1) a set of theoretical propositions is offered, providing a conceptual framework that can be used in other contexts...
任何公司在任何时候都能将任何交易内部化吗?在制度和技术稳定的背景下,如何解释企业纵向协调战略随时间的变化?本文以新兴葡萄酒产区密苏里州为例,探讨组织多样性的来源。我们分析了密苏里州酒庄的十个案例研究,以调查每个公司选择不同组织战略的原因。这一结果是可以观察到的,尽管他们的管理者在最优组织选择方面有着相似的看法。本文提出的基本思想是,组织一致性不仅基于交易和治理结构的特征,还基于经济主体拥有的能力和资源的特征。本研究完成了两个主要目标:(1)提出了一套理论命题,提供了一个可用于其他上下文的概念框架……
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引用次数: 13
The influence of the interplay of supply chain network relationships on farmers' performance in the Chilean NTAE sector 供应链网络关系相互作用对智利NTAE部门农民绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X010
V. Otter, A. Engler, L. Theuvsen
With ongoing globalization, farmers in developing and transition countries are increasingly challenged by the complex organizational structure of international food supply chains. This study seeks to identify how the interplay of supply chain network relationships, which are determined by situational factors affecting farms and their business environment, influences farmers' performance. A theoretical framework is developed and empirically applied to data obtained from a standardized survey of 81 Chilean raspberry producers, 80 Chilean avocado producers and 80 Chilean table grape producers using partial least squares analysis. The results of the comparative analysis of the three producer groups reveal that supply chain network relationships in the Chilean raspberry, avocado and table grape sectors highly predict each other's and the farmers' performance. Thereby, the results do not differ greatly among the three supply chains. The results provide interesting implications, indicating that Chilean small and...
随着全球化的不断发展,发展中国家和转型国家的农民越来越多地受到国际食品供应链复杂组织结构的挑战。本研究旨在确定由影响农场及其经营环境的情景因素决定的供应链网络关系的相互作用如何影响农民的绩效。本文开发了一个理论框架,并利用偏最小二乘分析方法对81个智利覆盆子生产商、80个智利鳄梨生产商和80个智利鲜食葡萄生产商进行了标准化调查。对三个生产者群体的比较分析结果表明,智利覆盆子、鳄梨和鲜食葡萄部门的供应链网络关系高度预测彼此和农民的绩效。因此,三个供应链之间的结果差异不大。结果提供了有趣的启示,表明智利的小型和…
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引用次数: 14
A farmer-controlled business from a farmer perspective 从农民的角度来看,这是一个农民控制的企业
Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.0244
J. Nilsson, Carolina Liljenstolpe, L. Lind, S. Liang
The ownership of food processing firms affects farmers supplying those firms with agricultural products. This study examined the effects of supplying either a farmer-controlled business (FCB) or competing investor-owned firms (IOFs). An FCB is owned and controlled partly by farmers and partly by external investors. Analysis of data obtained from a survey of pig producers in Sweden indicated that partial ownership by farmers resulted in them perceiving the FCB as having some cooperative traits. The FCB suppliers were less inclined to exit, used their voice more, and showed greater loyalty than the IOF suppliers. In the long term, however, the farmers’ relatively positive view of FCBs might change because this organizational form contains inherent conflicts between the interests of the farmers and the external investors. As competition intensity increases and primary agriculture becomes increasingly concentrated, the co-operative features of an FCB are due to become vaguer over time. These problems may threaten the long-term existence of FCBs.
食品加工企业的所有权影响到向这些企业供应农产品的农民。本研究考察了提供农民控制企业(FCB)或竞争性投资者所有企业(IOFs)的影响。农民农场部分由农民拥有和控制,部分由外部投资者拥有和控制。对瑞典养猪生产者进行的一项调查数据分析表明,农民的部分所有权导致他们认为FCB具有一些合作特征。与IOF供应商相比,FCB供应商更倾向于退出,更多地使用他们的声音,并表现出更高的忠诚度。然而,从长期来看,农民对fcb的相对积极的看法可能会改变,因为这种组织形式包含了农民与外部投资者之间的内在利益冲突。随着竞争强度的增加和初级农业的日益集中,FCB的合作特征随着时间的推移将变得更加模糊。这些问题可能威胁到fcb的长期存在。
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引用次数: 6
The drivers of innovation diffusion in agriculture: evidence from Italian census data 农业创新扩散的驱动因素:来自意大利人口普查数据的证据
Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X009
Giulia Avolio, E. Blasi, C. Cicatiello, S. Franco
Innovation is a key issue in the discussion about the links between agriculture, food production and sustainability. Indeed, the creation, adoption and exploitation of innovations can interact with all three dimensions of sustainability – environment, society and economy. Despite the increasing support for innovation practices in the agrifood sector from institutions and public policies, innovation in this sector has spread quite slowly. Indeed, the diffusion of innovations strongly depends on the social, institutional and productive system behind the technological/structural features of the farms. The analysis of the drivers underpinning the innovation diffusion dynamics in agriculture is therefore a very interesting topic for studies in this domain. This paper aims to provide a map of the diffusion of innovations in the Italian agricultural sector, highlighting differences and territorial specificities. We try to explain the drivers and factors influencing such specificities, drawing from data on the ag...
在讨论农业、粮食生产和可持续性之间的联系时,创新是一个关键问题。事实上,创新的创造、采用和利用可以与可持续性的所有三个方面——环境、社会和经济——相互作用。尽管机构和公共政策对农业食品部门创新实践的支持越来越多,但该部门的创新传播相当缓慢。事实上,创新的传播在很大程度上取决于农场技术/结构特征背后的社会、制度和生产系统。因此,分析农业创新扩散动态的驱动因素是该领域研究的一个非常有趣的话题。本文旨在提供意大利农业部门创新扩散的地图,突出差异和地域特殊性。我们试图解释影响这些特异性的驱动因素和因素,从农业数据中提取。
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引用次数: 21
Transaction attributes and adoption of hybrid governance in the Brazilian cattle market 巴西牛市场的交易属性和混合治理的采用
Pub Date : 2014-11-18 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.0239
M. D. M. B. Vinholis, H. D. S. Filho, Marcelo José Carrer, F. Chaddad
A transaction cost economics framework was used to test hypotheses on the alignment of transaction attributes and governance structures using data from a sample of 84 beef cattle farms in Brazil. A bivariate logit model was employed. It was found that the adoption of traceability and its certification and highly capital-intensive production systems, used here as proxies for asset specificity, plays a positive role in the choice of hybrid forms of governance.
交易成本经济学框架被用来检验交易属性和治理结构一致性的假设,使用来自巴西84个肉牛农场的样本数据。采用双变量logit模型。研究发现,采用可追溯性及其认证和高度资本密集型的生产系统,在这里用作资产专用性的代理,在选择混合治理形式方面发挥了积极作用。
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引用次数: 14
Networked innovation: a concept for knowledge-based agrifood business 网络化创新:知识型农业食品企业的概念
Pub Date : 2014-04-16 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X003
Zam-Zam Abdirahman, M. Cherni, L. Sauvée
Research on innovation in agrifood business is looking for new perspectives and for new ways of implementing actual results and of combining different theoretical perspectives. To do so we propose the concept of ‘networked innovation’ to summarize what we consider as the core notions necessary to mobilize to understand the complex phenomena of innovation in modern agrifood knowledge-based businesses and economies. Firstly we summarize the theoretical backgrounds and propose our own definition of the concept, which is rooted in a processual treatment of knowledge creation and transformation that came out mainly from the relevant literature on organization theory, strategic management and knowledge management. Then the content of the notion is developed around three main items, which are: (1) the multilevel embeddedness of innovation; (2) the roles and forms of learning for innovation; (3) the becoming nature of innovation processes. In the concluding comments some implications of the research for agrifood ...
农业食品企业创新研究就是在寻找新的视角,寻找实现实际成果的新途径,寻找不同理论视角相结合的新途径。为此,我们提出了“网络化创新”的概念,以总结我们认为对理解现代农业食品知识型企业和经济中复杂的创新现象所必需的核心概念。首先,我们对理论背景进行了总结,并提出了自己的概念定义,这一概念的定义主要来源于组织理论、战略管理和知识管理的相关文献对知识创造和转化的过程处理。这一概念的内涵主要围绕三个方面展开:(1)创新的多层次嵌入性;(2)创新学习的作用和形式;(3)创新过程的成长性。在结束语中,本研究对农业食品的一些启示。
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引用次数: 11
How to manage free riders in a network of competitors: the case of animal genetic selection industry in France 如何管理竞争对手网络中的搭便车者:以法国动物基因选择行业为例
Pub Date : 2014-04-16 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.X007
C. Assens, F. Coléno
Setting up a network is considered as a key factor for the success of a small and medium enterprise (SME) to innovate and to create value through innovation. Moreover, there are difficulties in setting up such a network in the case of competing companies. Such ‘coopetition’ is based on knowledge transfer and resource sharing. But this kind of partnership may be used in an opportunistic way by some partners. The objective of this paper is to focus on these difficulties in managing a network of competing SMEs in order to manage an innovation whilst avoiding opportunistic strategies, using the analysis of the animal genetic selection industry in France.
建立网络被认为是中小企业成功创新并通过创新创造价值的关键因素。此外,在竞争公司的情况下,建立这样一个网络是困难的。这种“合作”建立在知识转移和资源共享的基础上。但这种伙伴关系可能会被一些伙伴以投机取巧的方式利用。本文的目的是通过对法国动物遗传选择行业的分析,重点关注管理竞争中小企业网络中的这些困难,以便在管理创新的同时避免机会主义战略。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal on Chain and Network Science
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