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Comparing private label and manufacturer brand innovation projects in a Dutch Food processing company 比较荷兰某食品加工公司的自有品牌与制造商品牌创新项目
Pub Date : 2014-02-24 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2014.0238
S. Omta, F. Fortuin
The time when private labels consisted only of low-priced, low-quality products has long gone. A new type of cooperative innovation project has emerged in which food processors and retailers work closely together to target consumers with new and innovative products. These so-called high-end private label innovation projects can be typified as Early Customer Integration (ECI) projects. ECI projects may show a higher level of market orientation than manufacturer brand innovation projects, which companies carry out entirely in-house. However, ECI might lead to more incremental innovation because of the path dependency of the customer input. The present paper aims to fill this gap by investigating these assumptions by analysing the innovation portfolio of a leading Dutch producer and exporter of processed food products that produces manufacturer brand, high-end private label as well as traditional low-end tendered private label products. Twenty innovation projects, 10 manufacturer brand, 7 high-end private la...
私人品牌只生产低价低质产品的时代早已一去不复返了。一种新型的合作创新项目已经出现,食品加工商和零售商密切合作,向消费者提供新的创新产品。这些所谓的高端自有品牌创新项目可以概括为早期客户集成(Early Customer Integration, ECI)项目。ECI项目可能比制造商品牌创新项目显示出更高的市场导向水平,制造商品牌创新项目是企业完全内部进行的。然而,由于客户输入的路径依赖性,ECI可能导致更多的增量创新。本文旨在通过分析荷兰一家领先的加工食品生产商和出口商的创新组合来调查这些假设,从而填补这一空白,该生产商和出口商生产制造商品牌、高端自有品牌以及传统的低端招标自有品牌产品。20个创新项目,10个厂商品牌,7个高端私…
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引用次数: 0
Organisational drivers of capabilities for multi-stakeholder dialogue and knowledge integration 多利益相关者对话和知识整合能力的组织驱动因素
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1002
M. Veldhuizen, V. Blok, D. Dentoni
Business and policy actors increasingly make use of multi-stakeholder interactions (MSI) as a corporate social responsibility strategy to understand, influence, harmonise and meet stakeholders’ social, environmental and financial expectations and so to create value. While many researchers and practitioners have recently described the role of MSI for sustainable innovation and development, little is known about how organisations can develop a capability to effectively create and maintain a dialogue with stakeholders and learn from them. The paper explores the organisational characteristics driving two key capabilities needed for effective MSI: stakeholder dialogue and knowledge integration. Based on the empirical evidence from four business cases, the research follows an explorative approach building upon stakeholder and organisational learning theories. Findings indicate that the ‘involvement of senior management and employees’, ‘open culture’, ‘vision towards sustainability’ and ‘hierarchical structure’ are key drivers of stakeholder dialogue and knowledge integration capabilities.
商业和政策参与者越来越多地利用多方利益相关者互动(MSI)作为企业社会责任战略,以理解、影响、协调和满足利益相关者的社会、环境和财务期望,从而创造价值。虽然许多研究人员和实践者最近描述了MSI在可持续创新和发展中的作用,但人们对组织如何能够有效地建立和保持与利益相关者的对话并从中学习的能力知之甚少。本文探讨了驱动有效MSI所需的两个关键能力的组织特征:利益相关者对话和知识整合。基于四个商业案例的经验证据,本研究遵循基于利益相关者和组织学习理论的探索性方法。研究结果表明,“高级管理层和员工的参与”、“开放文化”、“可持续发展愿景”和“等级结构”是利益相关者对话和知识整合能力的关键驱动因素。
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引用次数: 23
The importance of stakeholder-initiatives for business models in short food supply chains: the case of the Netherlands 短期食品供应链中利益相关者倡议对商业模式的重要性:荷兰的案例
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1004
E. Wubben, M. Fondse, S. Pascucci
While the interest in Short Food Supply Chains (SFSCs) is growing, we still await management studies that explore the impact of stakeholders of SFSCs in substantial numbers. This article investigates the differences in the business models of SFSCs that may be attributed to the initiator-stakeholder, interacting with other stakeholders. Essential to business models are the value proposition, value creation and value capture, but it is the ambition of the initiator-stakeholder that starts a SFSC. Initiator-stakeholders of 57 SFSCs were interviewed on a combination of both multiple choice and open questions. The data converges on three categories of business models. First and foremost, a large majority of SFSCs is driven by the aim of the initiator-stakeholder to increase economic viability, uses the market as governance structure, resulting in profit margins likely to be above margins in conventional business. Two other categories of business models of SFSCs group around the theme of producer-support, and, producer-consumer interaction, respectively.
虽然对短期食品供应链(SFSCs)的兴趣正在增长,但我们仍在等待大量探讨SFSCs利益相关者影响的管理研究。本文研究了SFSCs商业模式的差异,这些差异可能归因于发起人-利益相关者与其他利益相关者的互动。商业模式的本质是价值主张、价值创造和价值获取,但启动SFSC的是发起人-利益相关者的雄心壮志。我们以多项选择和开放式问题的形式采访了57家SFSCs的发起人和持份者。这些数据集中在三类商业模式上。首先也是最重要的是,绝大多数SFSCs是由发起人-利益相关者提高经济可行性的目标驱动的,使用市场作为治理结构,导致利润率可能高于传统业务的利润率。SFSCs的其他两类商业模式分别围绕着生产者-支持和生产者-消费者互动的主题。
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引用次数: 23
Multi-stakeholder responses to the European Union health claims requirements 多方利益攸关方对欧盟健康声明要求的回应
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1006
H. Bremmers, B. Meulen, K. Purnhagen, K. Purnhagen
Stakeholder groups have different interests in health claims which may be complementary but also conflicting. It is not clear on beforehand, how managers should deal with legal requirements on claims. Nor is it clear how legal authorities can adjust the present claims regime to address market, consumer, company and normative requirements. This article aims to assess the strategic responses to health claims legislation and implementation by multiple stakeholders with seemingly complementary wishes, but also controversial expectations: especially consumers, companies and public authorities. A multidisciplinary approach is carried out, using insights from food technological and medical, economic, legal and managerial sciences. The EU-claims regime and the responses of multiple stakeholder groups are investigated using available research supplemented with case studies of probiotics and botanicals. The system is evaluated within the context of the structure of food law and the legitimate rights and obligations of stakeholders in food supply chains and networks. The main finding is that the costs and uncertainties attached to health claims are important factors impacting the innovation efforts of companies, the willingness-to-pay of consumers and the effectiveness of public policy. A dialogue between stakeholders and adjustment of the present legal system from a regime-based to a product-based approach is suggested to reduce the perceived uncertainties and to be able to provide food information in an effective and less risky way.
利益相关者群体对健康声明有不同的利益,这些利益可能是互补的,但也可能是相互冲突的。事先并不清楚,管理人员应如何处理有关索赔的法律要求。也不清楚法律当局如何调整目前的索赔制度,以满足市场、消费者、公司和规范要求。本文旨在评估多个利益相关者对健康声明立法和实施的战略反应,这些利益相关者似乎有着互补的愿望,但也有争议的期望:特别是消费者、公司和公共当局。采用多学科方法,利用食品技术和医学、经济、法律和管理科学的见解。欧盟的索赔制度和多个利益相关者团体的反应进行了调查,利用现有的研究补充了益生菌和植物的案例研究。该系统在食品法结构以及食品供应链和网络中利益相关者的合法权利和义务的背景下进行评估。主要发现是,与健康声明相关的成本和不确定性是影响公司创新努力、消费者支付意愿和公共政策有效性的重要因素。建议在利益攸关方之间进行对话,并将现行法律制度从以制度为基础的方法调整为以产品为基础的方法,以减少感知到的不确定性,并能够以有效和风险较小的方式提供食品信息。
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引用次数: 13
The livestock sector and its stakeholders in the search to meet the animal welfare requirements of society 畜牧部门及其利益相关者努力满足社会对动物福利的要求
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1005
V. Immink, M. Reinders, R. Tulder, J. V. Trijp
Multi-stakeholder support is crucial to chain parties delivering against the (latent) demand and consumption of animal-friendly products. Actors take an ambiguous position in dealing with the issue of animal welfare improvements, partly because such improvements deviate from the dominant business model aimed at efficient delivery to export markets. This makes multi-stakeholder dialogues an important factor in channelling the issue of animal welfare and, ultimately, in migrating towards more animal-friendly production systems. This paper studies the dynamics in the chain - including lock-ins and barriers - through which the Dutch livestock sector searches for a new equilibrium with society; in this case, through the development of an in-between segment. This analysis improves our understanding of how transitions work on sustainability issues in the agriculture sector. Developing an in-between segment for animal friendly production requires many small steps and stakeholder interactions and the creation of a...
多方利益相关方的支持对于连锁各方应对动物友好型产品的(潜在)需求和消费至关重要。行为者在处理改善动物福利问题时立场模棱两可,部分原因是这种改善偏离了旨在向出口市场有效交付的主要商业模式。这使得多方利益攸关方对话成为引导动物福利问题并最终转向对动物更友好的生产系统的重要因素。本文研究了链条中的动态-包括锁定和障碍-通过荷兰畜牧业寻找与社会的新平衡;在这种情况下,通过开发中间段。这一分析提高了我们对转型如何影响农业部门可持续性问题的理解。为动物友好型生产开发一个中间环节需要许多小步骤和利益相关者的互动,并创建一个…
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引用次数: 19
Governance of differential stakeholder interests in supply chains and networks 供应链和网络中不同利益相关者利益的治理
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1001
E. Wubben, H. Bremmers, Paul T. M. Ingenbleek, A. Wals
Competing frames and interests regarding food provision and resource allocation, adding to the increased global interdependencies, necessitate agri-food companies and institutions to engage themselves in very diverse multi-stakeholder settings. To develop new forms of interaction, and governance, researchers with very different backgrounds in social sciences try to align, or at least share, research trajectories. This first paper in a special issue on governance of differential stakeholder interests discusses, first, different usages of stakeholder categories, second, the related intersubjectivity in sciences, third, an rough sketch of the use of stakeholder management in different social sciences. Social science researchers study a wide variety of topics, such as individual stakeholder impact on new business models, stakeholder group responses to health claims, firm characteristics explaining multi-stakeholder dialogue, and the impact of multi-stakeholder dialogue on promoting production systems, and on environmental innovations. Interestingly, researchers use very different methods for data gathering and data analysis.
粮食供应和资源分配方面的竞争框架和利益,加上全球相互依存关系的增加,使农业食品公司和机构必须参与非常多样化的多利益攸关方环境。为了发展新的互动和治理形式,具有不同社会科学背景的研究人员试图协调或至少共享研究轨迹。这篇关于不同利益相关者利益治理的特刊中的第一篇论文首先讨论了利益相关者类别的不同用法,第二,科学中的相关主体间性,第三,在不同社会科学中使用利益相关者管理的粗略草图。社会科学研究人员研究各种各样的主题,如个人利益相关者对新商业模式的影响,利益相关者群体对健康声明的反应,解释多利益相关者对话的企业特征,以及多利益相关者对话对促进生产系统和环境创新的影响。有趣的是,研究人员使用非常不同的方法来收集数据和分析数据。
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引用次数: 2
The mediating role of environmental innovation in the relationship between environmental management and firm performance in a multi-stakeholder environment 多利益相关者环境下环境创新在环境管理与企业绩效关系中的中介作用
Pub Date : 2013-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.1003
K. Grekova, H. Bremmers, J. Trienekens, R. Kemp, S. Omta
Nowadays, firms are increasingly challenged to bridge potentially conflicting economic interests of primary commercial stakeholders and sustainability demands from secondary non-commercial stakeholder groups. While a number of firms view investments in environmental management as disconnected from their value-creating activities, others have reported achieved cost efficiency and differentiation advantages. Prior research suggests that environmental innovation might be the missing link between environmental management and firm performance. However, the mediating effect of environmental innovation in the relationship between environmental management and a firm’s performance had not been empirically tested so far. Our paper provides a contribution by conducting an empirical investigation into this possible mediating effect. Although the presumed mediating role of environmental innovation suggests that it is influenced by internal environmental management, environmental innovation literature is especially concerned with the role of external stakeholders in environmental innovation. This study investigates the role of the engagement of stakeholders such as supply chain partners, industry, and public authorities in environmental impact reduction. We hypothesise that environmental innovation positively mediates the relationship between environmental management and firm performance, and that the engagement of stakeholders has a positive impact on environmental innovation. The research model was tested with a variance-based structural equation model using data from 90 Dutch food and beverage firms. The results confirm the positive mediating effect of environmental process innovation on the relationship between environmental management and cost efficiency advantage. Environmental product innovation contributes to a differentiation advantage but it is not significantly influenced by environmental management. So we could not support a positive mediating effect of environmental product innovation on the relationship between environmental management and differentiation advantage. Instead, environmental collaboration with supply chain partners has a strong positive impact on environmental product innovation. It also positively influences environmental process innovation but this influence is much weaker than the influence of internal environmental management. Our findings can assist managers in their decision making regarding the implementation of environmental innovations and environmental collaboration with external parties. The study is also relevant to policy makers as a tool to assess the appropriateness of their policy.
如今,企业面临着越来越大的挑战,即如何弥合主要商业利益相关者的潜在冲突经济利益和次要非商业利益相关者群体的可持续性需求。虽然一些公司认为环境管理方面的投资与其创造价值的活动脱节,但其他公司报告说取得了成本效率和差异化优势。先前的研究表明,环境创新可能是环境管理与企业绩效之间缺失的一环。然而,环境创新在环境管理与企业绩效关系中的中介作用尚未得到实证检验。我们的论文通过对这种可能的中介效应进行实证调查提供了贡献。虽然假设环境创新的中介作用表明它受到内部环境管理的影响,但环境创新文献特别关注外部利益相关者在环境创新中的作用。本研究探讨了供应链合作伙伴、行业和公共当局等利益相关者在减少环境影响中的作用。我们假设环境创新正向中介环境管理与企业绩效之间的关系,并且利益相关者的参与对环境创新具有正向影响。利用90家荷兰食品和饮料公司的数据,采用基于方差的结构方程模型对研究模型进行了检验。研究结果证实了环境流程创新对环境管理与成本效率优势之间的正向中介作用。环境产品创新有助于企业的差异化优势,但环境管理对其影响不显著。因此,我们不能支持环境产品创新对环境管理与差异化优势之间的正向中介作用。相反,与供应链合作伙伴的环境合作对环境产品创新有很强的积极影响。企业内部环境管理对环境过程创新也有正向影响,但这种影响远弱于企业内部环境管理的影响。我们的研究结果可以帮助管理者在实施环境创新和与外部各方的环境合作方面做出决策。这项研究也与决策者有关,可作为评估其政策是否适当的工具。
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引用次数: 21
The evolution of farming networks in a fragile institutional environment: the case of Argentina 脆弱制度环境下农业网络的演变:以阿根廷为例
Pub Date : 2013-06-10 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.X219
S. Senesi, H. Palau, F. Chaddad, M. Daziano
In Argentina, farming traditionally took place in small and medium-sized family farms, mostly by means of their own land, labour, capital (financial, machinery, etc.) and entrepreneurship. Farmers owned enough equipment to cope with all the activities required for the production cycle. This traditional family farm model is the dominant organisational form in agriculture in almost every country. However, the way of managing, contracting and organising agriculture in Argentina has changed since the 1990s as a result of several institutional innovations. Even though the 2002 economic crisis created a highly uncertain scenario, farm production continued to expand and new organisational forms appeared. Since 2007, institutional changes (more related to Government intervention) had a negative impact on production and organisational forms. These different periods and scenarios enable us to explore the dynamics and interrelationships of the different institutional, organisational and technological environments. T...
在阿根廷,农业传统上是在中小型家庭农场进行的,主要依靠自己的土地、劳动力、资本(财政、机械等)和企业家精神。农民拥有足够的设备来应付生产周期所需的所有活动。这种传统的家庭农场模式是几乎每个国家农业的主要组织形式。然而,自20世纪90年代以来,由于几项制度创新,阿根廷管理、承包和组织农业的方式发生了变化。尽管2002年的经济危机造成了高度不确定的局面,但农业生产继续扩大,新的组织形式出现了。自2007年以来,制度变迁(更多地与政府干预有关)对生产和组织形式产生了负面影响。这些不同的时期和场景使我们能够探索不同制度、组织和技术环境的动态和相互关系。T…
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引用次数: 2
Between weak markets and weak regulations: determinants of contracting in orchard farming in Albania 弱市场和弱监管之间:阿尔巴尼亚果园农业承包的决定因素
Pub Date : 2013-06-10 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.X225
D. Imami, E. Zhllima, D. Viaggi, W. Bokelmann
This paper analyses the relations and contracting behaviour of orchard farmers with their customers in Albania. The study is based on a structured farm survey, including information about relations and contracting with clients, and a cluster analysis aimed at identifying key farm typologies with respect to contracting. As expected, most farmers rely on spot transactions. Formal contracts are used sparingly due to a lack of interest from buyers, small farm size and lack of trust in contract enforcement. However, farmers commonly use informal agreements/contracts as a substitute for formal ones. The most common differences between those farmers who engage in contracting and those that do not concern household size, the number of years in orchard production, and the amount of losses incurred.
本文分析了阿尔巴尼亚果园农户与客户的关系及其承包行为。该研究基于一项结构化的农场调查,包括与客户的关系和合同信息,以及旨在确定合同方面关键农场类型的聚类分析。正如预期的那样,大多数农民依赖现货交易。由于买家缺乏兴趣、农场规模小以及对合同执行缺乏信任,正式合同很少使用。然而,农民通常使用非正式协议/合同来代替正式协议/合同。从事承包经营的农民和不从事承包经营的农民之间最常见的差异涉及家庭规模、果园生产的年数和损失的数额。
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引用次数: 9
Hybrid governance: sketching discrete alternatives 混合治理:勾勒出离散的替代方案
Pub Date : 2013-06-10 DOI: 10.3920/JCNS2013.X230
L. Sauvée
Complex organisational forms are built through - at least to some extent - interorganisational strategies. To analyse the institutional logic of these forms, the concept of hybrid governance is proposed. This concept is a way to link their structural characteristics with their strategic content. To do so, the suggestion is to consider hybrid governance as an institutional combination of an authority structure and of a coordination architecture in presence of pooled strategic assets. The role of hybrid governance will then be to maximise joint value and minimise organisation costs. Such a perspective helps in the understanding of the very nature of complex organisational forms, of their diversity and of their uniqueness, which can be seen as an optimisation of strategy/structure interplay. From this, it is suggested that the research on hybrid governance is a major theoretical contribution to the chain and network science.
复杂的组织形式至少在某种程度上是通过组织间战略建立起来的。为了分析这些形式的制度逻辑,本文提出了混合治理的概念。这一概念是将其结构特征与战略内容联系起来的一种方式。要做到这一点,建议将混合治理考虑为权力结构和存在集中战略资产的协调体系结构的制度组合。届时,混合治理的作用将是使联合价值最大化,并使组织成本最小化。这样的观点有助于理解复杂组织形式的本质,它们的多样性和独特性,这可以被视为战略/结构相互作用的优化。由此可见,混合治理的研究是对链与网络科学的重大理论贡献。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
Journal on Chain and Network Science
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