Polycystic ovarian syndrome can be defined as an endocrine disorder that most affects the reproductive system of women of childbearing age; its causes are not exactly known. However, the majority of the experts agree that it is a multifactorial entity with multiple factors. Genetics is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, several genes that are involved in the pathogenic processes of this syndrome have been identified. Within these, the most important ones are the ones that encode steroidogenesis enzymes and insulin receptors, as well as other hormones that are associated with the actions of insulin and gonadotropins and their receptors. The results obtained included 1) women with PCOS had significantly lower levels of adiponectin compared to controls. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both lean and obese women with PCOS compared to the control group. 2) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to controls. 3) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to the control group, however, FSH levels were significantly increased only in obese PCOS women compared to controls. 4) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to controls. 5) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol compared to controls. Only obese PCOS women had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the controls. 6) The genotype analysis of FSHR gene polymorphism showed that the heterozygote Ala/Thr genotype was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients than in controls (64.1% versus 40%).
{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"Shakir. M. S. Alfahdawi","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.264","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome can be defined as an endocrine disorder that most affects the reproductive system of women of childbearing age; its causes are not exactly known. However, the majority of the experts agree that it is a multifactorial entity with multiple factors. Genetics is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, several genes that are involved in the pathogenic processes of this syndrome have been identified. Within these, the most important ones are the ones that encode steroidogenesis enzymes and insulin receptors, as well as other hormones that are associated with the actions of insulin and gonadotropins and their receptors. The results obtained included 1) women with PCOS had significantly lower levels of adiponectin compared to controls. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both lean and obese women with PCOS compared to the control group. 2) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to controls. 3) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio, and total testosterone compared to the control group, however, FSH levels were significantly increased only in obese PCOS women compared to controls. 4) PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to controls. 5) Both lean and obese PCOS women had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol compared to controls. Only obese PCOS women had significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to the controls. 6) The genotype analysis of FSHR gene polymorphism showed that the heterozygote Ala/Thr genotype was significantly more frequent in PCOS patients than in controls (64.1% versus 40%).","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131647691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Kathem Ashour, Haider Abd Jabbar Al-Ammar, Yasmine Hamza Sharif
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious illness that can harm both mothers and unborn children and may even be fatal. It contributes significantly to maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries. PE, which affects 2%–3% of women who are pregnant after 20 weeks of pregnancy, is marked by proteinuria and hypertension. PE is a significant condition that plays a significant role in maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries and is a significant cause of death for both mothers and newborns. Each year, around 60,000 maternal fatalities occur in the world. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in pregnant women during the first trimester and second trimesters. IL-6 was necessary to establish serum biomarkers that can accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia. In a prospective cohort study that was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Antenatal Care Unit at Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL-Diwaniyah – Iraq, 160 pregnant patients between the years of 20 and 40 who were normotensive and had gestational ages of 10 to 13 weeks were included in this research between August 2021 and May 2022. Bioassays for IL-6 were conducted after blood samples were obtained. At the end of the study, it was confirmed that for women with pre-eclampsia (n = 33, 22.0%) and those women with no pre-eclampsia (n = 117, 78.0 %), there was no significant difference in the level between the preeclampsia and no preeclampsia group (p > 0.05).
{"title":"Interleukin-6 Biomarker as Possible Predicator of Preeclampsia","authors":"Sajjad Kathem Ashour, Haider Abd Jabbar Al-Ammar, Yasmine Hamza Sharif","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.303","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious illness that can harm both mothers and unborn children and may even be fatal. It contributes significantly to maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries. PE, which affects 2%–3% of women who are pregnant after 20 weeks of pregnancy, is marked by proteinuria and hypertension. PE is a significant condition that plays a significant role in maternal fatalities in underdeveloped countries and is a significant cause of death for both mothers and newborns. Each year, around 60,000 maternal fatalities occur in the world. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured in pregnant women during the first trimester and second trimesters. IL-6 was necessary to establish serum biomarkers that can accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia. In a prospective cohort study that was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and Antenatal Care Unit at Maternity and Pediatrics Teaching Hospital in AL-Diwaniyah – Iraq, 160 pregnant patients between the years of 20 and 40 who were normotensive and had gestational ages of 10 to 13 weeks were included in this research between August 2021 and May 2022. Bioassays for IL-6 were conducted after blood samples were obtained. At the end of the study, it was confirmed that for women with pre-eclampsia (n = 33, 22.0%) and those women with no pre-eclampsia (n = 117, 78.0 %), there was no significant difference in the level between the preeclampsia and no preeclampsia group (p > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122077650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. K. Prathipati, V. Shastri, Madhavi Kolukuluri, Radha Dharavathu, Donthireddy Sudheer Reddy, B. R. Krishna
The clustering of data series was already demonstrated to provide helpful information in several fields. Initial data for the period is divided into sub-clusters Recorded in the data resemblance. The grouping of data series takes 3 categories, based on which users operate in frequencies or programming interfaces on original data explicitly or implicitly with the characteristics derived from physical information or through a framework based on raw material. The bases of series data grouping are provided. The conditions for the evaluation of the outcomes of grouping are multi-purpose time constant frequently employed in dataset grouping research. A clustering method splits data into different groups so that the resemblance between organisations is better. K-means++ offers an excellent convergence rate compared to other methods. To distinguish the correlation between items the maximum distance is employed. Distance measure metrics are frequently utilized with most methods by many academics. Genetic algorithm for the resolution of cluster issues is worldwide optimization technologies in recent times. The much more prevalent partitioning strategies of large volumes of data are K-Median & K-Median methods. This analysis is focusing on the multiple distance measures, such as Euclidean, Public Square and Shebyshev, hybrid K-means++ and PSO clubs techniques. Comparison to orgorganization-basedthods reveals an excellent classification result compared to the other methods with the K++ PSO method utilizing the Chebyshev distance measure.
{"title":"Hybrid Clustering Approach for Time Series Data","authors":"R. K. Prathipati, V. Shastri, Madhavi Kolukuluri, Radha Dharavathu, Donthireddy Sudheer Reddy, B. R. Krishna","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.84","url":null,"abstract":"The clustering of data series was already demonstrated to provide helpful information in several fields. Initial data for the period is divided into sub-clusters Recorded in the data resemblance. The grouping of data series takes 3 categories, based on which users operate in frequencies or programming interfaces on original data explicitly or implicitly with the characteristics derived from physical information or through a framework based on raw material. The bases of series data grouping are provided. The conditions for the evaluation of the outcomes of grouping are multi-purpose time constant frequently employed in dataset grouping research. A clustering method splits data into different groups so that the resemblance between organisations is better. K-means++ offers an excellent convergence rate compared to other methods. To distinguish the correlation between items the maximum distance is employed. Distance measure metrics are frequently utilized with most methods by many academics. Genetic algorithm for the resolution of cluster issues is worldwide optimization technologies in recent times. The much more prevalent partitioning strategies of large volumes of data are K-Median & K-Median methods. This analysis is focusing on the multiple distance measures, such as Euclidean, Public Square and Shebyshev, hybrid K-means++ and PSO clubs techniques. Comparison to orgorganization-basedthods reveals an excellent classification result compared to the other methods with the K++ PSO method utilizing the Chebyshev distance measure.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122513120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to assess the frequency of invasive fungal infection in patients with respiratory diseases by conventional and molecular methods. This study included 117 Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from patients with respiratory disease (79 male and 38 female) with ages ranged between (20-80) years, who attended Medicine Baghdad Teaching hospital and AL-Emamain AL-Khadhymian Medical City, during the period from September 2019 to April 2020. The results in PCR versus culture methods in this study showed that out of 117 samples of fungal infections 30(25.6 %) were detected by culture method, while the 24(20.5%) samples were detected by PCR technique, the most commonly diagnosed pathogenic fungi is Candida spp. followed by Aspergillus spp. By considering the culture method as a gold standard against the PCR technique, the results show that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR were (86.6%) and (100%) respectively.
{"title":"Conventional PCR versus Culture Method to Detect Common Fungal Pathogens in Patients with Respiratory Diseases","authors":"H. Rashied, A. Al-Attraqchi, Amar Kasim Muhmmed","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.235","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the frequency of invasive fungal infection in patients with respiratory diseases by conventional and molecular methods. This study included 117 Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from patients with respiratory disease (79 male and 38 female) with ages ranged between (20-80) years, who attended Medicine Baghdad Teaching hospital and AL-Emamain AL-Khadhymian Medical City, during the period from September 2019 to April 2020. The results in PCR versus culture methods in this study showed that out of 117 samples of fungal infections 30(25.6 %) were detected by culture method, while the 24(20.5%) samples were detected by PCR technique, the most commonly diagnosed pathogenic fungi is Candida spp. followed by Aspergillus spp. By considering the culture method as a gold standard against the PCR technique, the results show that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR were (86.6%) and (100%) respectively.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124764194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mones, Haider Abd Jabbar Al-Ammar, Aqeel Raheem Al-Barqawi, May Jaleel Abed
Coronavirus is a new pandemic disease that began in Wuhan, China, and has since spread over the globe. The number of COVID-19 cases reported daily in Iraq has slowly increased. This study aims to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on the normal range of White Blood Cells (WBC), D-Dimer, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). This study looked at 65 patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Patients with mild symptoms and a normal CT scan for the chest were separated into three groups: those with mild symptoms and a normal CT scan for the chest, those with intermediate disease presenting with fever and cough, other respiratory symptoms, and those with severe disease. At the time of the study, all patients' data were collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching hospital admission for parameters of White blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and D-Dimer levels, from December 27, 2020, to April 1, 2021. The WBC count, D-Dimer, and LDH in the patients with COVID-19 were higher than that of the control group (8.15 X109/L versus 390 ng/ml and 593 U/L), respectively, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in WBC count and LDH among patients according to the severity (p > 0.05). A larger leukocyte count, D-Dimer, and LDH increased the risk of death. These signs can reliably predict a patient's prognosis while in the hospital. Our study's best lab marker was LDH.
{"title":"Changes in White Blood Cells, D-Dimer and Lactate Dehydrogenase Level in Covid-19 Patients A Comparative Study","authors":"M. Mones, Haider Abd Jabbar Al-Ammar, Aqeel Raheem Al-Barqawi, May Jaleel Abed","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.276","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus is a new pandemic disease that began in Wuhan, China, and has since spread over the globe. The number of COVID-19 cases reported daily in Iraq has slowly increased. This study aims to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on the normal range of White Blood Cells (WBC), D-Dimer, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). This study looked at 65 patients who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using polymerase chain reaction analysis. Patients with mild symptoms and a normal CT scan for the chest were separated into three groups: those with mild symptoms and a normal CT scan for the chest, those with intermediate disease presenting with fever and cough, other respiratory symptoms, and those with severe disease. At the time of the study, all patients' data were collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching hospital admission for parameters of White blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and D-Dimer levels, from December 27, 2020, to April 1, 2021. The WBC count, D-Dimer, and LDH in the patients with COVID-19 were higher than that of the control group (8.15 X109/L versus 390 ng/ml and 593 U/L), respectively, and the difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in WBC count and LDH among patients according to the severity (p > 0.05). A larger leukocyte count, D-Dimer, and LDH increased the risk of death. These signs can reliably predict a patient's prognosis while in the hospital. Our study's best lab marker was LDH.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129965379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The metal complexes of Azo dye; 4,4'-((methylene bis(3,l-phenylen)) bis (diazene-l,2-diyl)) bis(1,3-Benzenediol) are produced from 4,4`- methylenedianiline and Resorcinol were synthesized and characterized by using several analytical and spectral techniques. The ligand and its complexes were characterized by many chemo-physic methods like NMR, IR, UV-Vis, molar conductance measurement, analytical measurement, and melting point. The conditions of optimal reaction (for instance reagent concentration, pH etc) were studied and the analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection, linearity, sensitivity etc) were obtained.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Complexes Derived from Azo Ligand of 4,4' Methylenedianiline and Resorcinol","authors":"L. Saadi, Azhar A. Ghali","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.252","url":null,"abstract":"The metal complexes of Azo dye; 4,4'-((methylene bis(3,l-phenylen)) bis (diazene-l,2-diyl)) bis(1,3-Benzenediol) are produced from 4,4`- methylenedianiline and Resorcinol were synthesized and characterized by using several analytical and spectral techniques. The ligand and its complexes were characterized by many chemo-physic methods like NMR, IR, UV-Vis, molar conductance measurement, analytical measurement, and melting point. The conditions of optimal reaction (for instance reagent concentration, pH etc) were studied and the analytical figures of merit such as limit of detection, linearity, sensitivity etc) were obtained.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122753183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, a new method was used to determine the amount of iron in water, by using the colour biosensor of the smart-phone device as a biosensor for the chromatic intensity of the samples images that are examined through a program (colour meter) downloaded to the phone. The concentration of the samples is measured from the value of the basic colours (red, green, blue) (RGB) for recorded video from a device (Galaxy J7 prime 2). An accessory for the mobile device is designed from plastic (black acrylic). In the form of a dark box from the inside equipped with a flow cell and a mirror reflecting the flash light emitted by the mobile device and a green filter complementing the red colour, and a micro switch connected to a smart-phone device via earphones, and the device is attached to the accessory by the device case. The calibration curve for this method was in the range of mg/L (1-8), the correlation coefficient (R2 ) was equal to (0.999), the limit of detection was in the amount of (0.2) mg/L, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) for the concentration was (4) mg/L, for which the examination was repeated (10) times, and its value was (0.6 %), and the recovery value (Recovery%) was equal to (101.5 %).
在这项研究中，使用了一种新的方法来确定水中的铁含量，通过使用智能手机设备的颜色生物传感器作为生物传感器，通过下载到手机上的程序(颜色计)检查样品图像的颜色强度。样品的浓度是根据设备(Galaxy J7 prime 2)录制的视频的基本颜色(红、绿、蓝)(RGB)的值来测量的。移动设备的附件是用塑料(黑色丙烯酸)设计的。以暗盒的形式从内部安装有流电池和反射移动设备发出的闪光灯的镜子和与红色互补的绿色滤光片，以及通过耳机连接到智能手机设备的微动开关，设备通过设备外壳连接到附件上。该方法的校准曲线在mg/L(1 ~ 8)范围内，相关系数(R2) =(0.999)，检出限为(0.2)mg/L，浓度的相对标准偏差(RSD%)为(4)mg/L，重复检测(10)次，其值为(0.6%)，回收率(recovery %) =(101.5%)。
{"title":"Novel Semi-Automated Design for Determination of Iron in Water using Smartphone Camera Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Biosensor as a Detector Device","authors":"Mustafa Abdulkadim Hussien, H. Kadhim","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.284","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a new method was used to determine the amount of iron in water, by using the colour biosensor of the smart-phone device as a biosensor for the chromatic intensity of the samples images that are examined through a program (colour meter) downloaded to the phone. The concentration of the samples is measured from the value of the basic colours (red, green, blue) (RGB) for recorded video from a device (Galaxy J7 prime 2). An accessory for the mobile device is designed from plastic (black acrylic). In the form of a dark box from the inside equipped with a flow cell and a mirror reflecting the flash light emitted by the mobile device and a green filter complementing the red colour, and a micro switch connected to a smart-phone device via earphones, and the device is attached to the accessory by the device case. The calibration curve for this method was in the range of mg/L (1-8), the correlation coefficient (R2 ) was equal to (0.999), the limit of detection was in the amount of (0.2) mg/L, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) for the concentration was (4) mg/L, for which the examination was repeated (10) times, and its value was (0.6 %), and the recovery value (Recovery%) was equal to (101.5 %).","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124240902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amer A. Haamadi, M. H. Risan, Hassan M. Abo Almaali
Gastric and ulcer peptic disease is a common disease in the community. Considering the close relationship between peptic ulcer and gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. The prevalence of H. pylori increased markedly with age with the maximum colonization (81.5%) occurring in adults (40-60 years). H. pylori are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It’s the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis). Untreated, long-term H. pylori infection can lead to stomach cancer (rarely). H. pylori multiply in the mucus layer of the stomach lining and duodenum. The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer. Symptoms include dull or burning stomach pain, unplanned weight loss and bloody vomit. H-pylori-caused ulcers are commonly treated with combinations of antibiotics. Usually two antibiotics are prescribed. Among the common choices are amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin®), metronidazole (Flagyl®) and tetracycline and Proton pump inhibitor: Commonly used proton pump inhibitors include lansoprazole (Prevacid®), omeprazole (Prilosec®), pantoprazole (Protonix®), rabeprazole (Aciphex®) or esomeprazole (Nexium®). and Bismuth subsalicylate: Sometimes this drug (eg, Pepto-Bismol®) is added to the antibiotics plus proton pump inhibitor combinations mentioned above. This drug protects the stomach lining. combination treatment is usually taken for 14 days. One newer medication, Talicia®, combines two antibiotics (rifabutin and amoxicillin) with a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) into a single capsule.
{"title":"Helicobacter Pylori, Infection, Virulence Factors and Treatment A Review","authors":"Amer A. Haamadi, M. H. Risan, Hassan M. Abo Almaali","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.289","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric and ulcer peptic disease is a common disease in the community. Considering the close relationship between peptic ulcer and gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. The prevalence of H. pylori increased markedly with age with the maximum colonization (81.5%) occurring in adults (40-60 years). H. pylori are bacteria that can cause an infection in the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It’s the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. H. pylori can also inflame and irritate the stomach lining (gastritis). Untreated, long-term H. pylori infection can lead to stomach cancer (rarely). H. pylori multiply in the mucus layer of the stomach lining and duodenum. The bacteria secrete an enzyme called urease that converts urea to ammonia. This ammonia protects the bacteria from stomach acid. As H. pylori multiply, it eats into stomach tissue, which leads to gastritis and/or gastric ulcer. Symptoms include dull or burning stomach pain, unplanned weight loss and bloody vomit. H-pylori-caused ulcers are commonly treated with combinations of antibiotics. Usually two antibiotics are prescribed. Among the common choices are amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin®), metronidazole (Flagyl®) and tetracycline and Proton pump inhibitor: Commonly used proton pump inhibitors include lansoprazole (Prevacid®), omeprazole (Prilosec®), pantoprazole (Protonix®), rabeprazole (Aciphex®) or esomeprazole (Nexium®). and Bismuth subsalicylate: Sometimes this drug (eg, Pepto-Bismol®) is added to the antibiotics plus proton pump inhibitor combinations mentioned above. This drug protects the stomach lining. combination treatment is usually taken for 14 days. One newer medication, Talicia®, combines two antibiotics (rifabutin and amoxicillin) with a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) into a single capsule.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133888956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In southern Basrah in Iraq, this research is aimed at measuring the concentrations of Boron 10B5. Measuring the water wells and water samples collected at 43 different locations were carried out using the Inductively coupled plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The concentration ranged from 0.2 mg/L (Al Marbad District) to 9.3 mg/L (Al Shuaiba farm 2). The study's findings are given and compared to those of other studies. These observations could be used to make an additionally unique contribution to the preservation and application of water quality standards to related organizations of radioactive contaminant-free samples required for humans if an incident of contamination occurs. Furthermore, 43 surface water samples were found to be more boron-like than detected levels. The increase in water flow outside the root level by the monsoon rain is responsible. This is due to acute boron contamination will therefore soon occur.
{"title":"Boron Concentration in Groundwater from Southern Basrah Governorate - Iraq","authors":"M. A. Algrifi, T. Salman","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.257","url":null,"abstract":"In southern Basrah in Iraq, this research is aimed at measuring the concentrations of Boron 10B5. Measuring the water wells and water samples collected at 43 different locations were carried out using the Inductively coupled plasma/Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. The concentration ranged from 0.2 mg/L (Al Marbad District) to 9.3 mg/L (Al Shuaiba farm 2). The study's findings are given and compared to those of other studies. These observations could be used to make an additionally unique contribution to the preservation and application of water quality standards to related organizations of radioactive contaminant-free samples required for humans if an incident of contamination occurs. Furthermore, 43 surface water samples were found to be more boron-like than detected levels. The increase in water flow outside the root level by the monsoon rain is responsible. This is due to acute boron contamination will therefore soon occur.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124974232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbiturates, which are derived from the medically significant substance barbituric acid also known as malonylurea or 4-hydroxyuracil, are employed as anaesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and depressants of the central nervous system. In recent years, researchers have paid great attention to compounds and derivatives of barbituric acid, although the first barbituric acid was discovered in 1864 by Adolf Von Baeyer. Due to its great medical and biological importance and wide applications in polymerization catalysts, plastics and textiles, aqueous or oil inks, and polymers. The background, reactions, and methods of preparing barbituric acid have been studied over the last ten years.
巴比妥酸盐，衍生自医学上重要的物质巴比妥酸，也称为丙酰脲或4-羟基尿嘧啶，被用作麻醉剂、镇静催眠药、抗惊厥药和中枢神经系统抑制剂。近年来，研究人员非常关注巴比妥酸的化合物和衍生物，尽管第一个巴比妥酸是在1864年由Adolf Von Baeyer发现的。由于其具有重要的医学和生物学意义，并广泛应用于聚合催化剂、塑料和纺织品、水性或油性油墨和聚合物。近十年来，人们对巴比妥酸的制备背景、反应和方法进行了研究。
{"title":"Barbituric Acids A Review of Preparation, Reactions and Biological Applications","authors":"Mahmood M. Fahad","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v1i4.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.294","url":null,"abstract":"Barbiturates, which are derived from the medically significant substance barbituric acid also known as malonylurea or 4-hydroxyuracil, are employed as anaesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and depressants of the central nervous system. In recent years, researchers have paid great attention to compounds and derivatives of barbituric acid, although the first barbituric acid was discovered in 1864 by Adolf Von Baeyer. Due to its great medical and biological importance and wide applications in polymerization catalysts, plastics and textiles, aqueous or oil inks, and polymers. The background, reactions, and methods of preparing barbituric acid have been studied over the last ten years.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134155152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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