In this work, a new device is designed for measuring the light intensity of the Bioluminescence reaction between Luminol with Hydrogen peroxide that is produced as an activity of Triglycerides Phosphate Oxidase. The project includes the use of a homemade and semi-automated device for the determination of Chemiluminescence (CL) and Bioluminescence light by direct reaction analysis of Luminol with oxidant and using a Mobile –phone as a recorder which is employed in chemistry with Arduino and applied this device into the enzymatic reaction for determine Triglyceride by this new methods. The method is easy, simple, and rapid with high sensitivity for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The light of the Bioluminescence reaction of Luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4_phthalazinedione) with oxidant (H2O2) was sensed by photocell and the signal was sent to Mobile. The method used to determine glycerol and compare the results of the device with real value to give high accuracy, Triglyceride was determined in its kit. It gave 99.2 and ±0.1 of Recovery and RSD, respectively.
{"title":"Design of a New Bioluminescence Sensor Using an Arduino Device Linked to Bluetooth Mobile Phone and USB Computer to Measure Triglycerides","authors":"Ammar Mohammed Ali, M. A. Kadhem","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.410","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new device is designed for measuring the light intensity of the Bioluminescence reaction between Luminol with Hydrogen peroxide that is produced as an activity of Triglycerides Phosphate Oxidase. The project includes the use of a homemade and semi-automated device for the determination of Chemiluminescence (CL) and Bioluminescence light by direct reaction analysis of Luminol with oxidant and using a Mobile –phone as a recorder which is employed in chemistry with Arduino and applied this device into the enzymatic reaction for determine Triglyceride by this new methods. The method is easy, simple, and rapid with high sensitivity for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The light of the Bioluminescence reaction of Luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4_phthalazinedione) with oxidant (H2O2) was sensed by photocell and the signal was sent to Mobile. The method used to determine glycerol and compare the results of the device with real value to give high accuracy, Triglyceride was determined in its kit. It gave 99.2 and ±0.1 of Recovery and RSD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128277997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The secondary metabolites of microorganisms serve as defence or signalling molecules in ecological interactions, revealing substantial survival benefits in nature. As a result, many researchers have concentrated on screening and optimizing the production of these molecules from natural sources such as microorganisms with the objective of pharmacological uses, primarily as antibiotics or anticancer agents. In this study, 80 isolates of Aspergillus were investigated for the production of flavipin. These fungi were collected from various locations and laboratories. Flavipin was estimated by using a standard curve, then purified by using silica gel chromatography, followed by identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fermentation conditions were carried out at the Central Health Laboratory/Maysan Health Directorate from April 2021 to August 2022. Out of eighty isolates of Aspergillus, only one isolate was identified as producer of flavipin which was Aspergillus terreus. According to HPLC analysis, the retention times of flavipin and its standard were 7.7 minutes and 7.6 minutes, respectively. By using the TLC technique, the relative flow (Rf) value was 0.55 cm for both standard flavipin and flavipin. The optimization of growth conditions and production of flavipin were studied. It is revealed that optimum conditions were as follows: pH 7 on 16 days, the temperature of 25oC for 12 days, culture volume of 50 ml on the 16th day, shaking speed of 150 rpm on the 12th day, inoculum size of 8 fungal agar disc on the 12th day, the optimal incubation period of 14 days, and Potato Dextrose Broth as the optimal culture media. The aim of the study was to determination of optimal conditions for the flavipin production that produced by Aspergillus terreus. For yielding a profuse amount of flavipin, the incubation and fermentation conditions such as temperature, the culture volume, shaking speed, inoculum size, pH of the medium, incubation period, and the type of culture media should be considered and the optimal one must be chosen.
{"title":"Optimization and Characterization of Flavipin Produced by Aspergillus Terreus","authors":"","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.350","url":null,"abstract":"The secondary metabolites of microorganisms serve as defence or signalling molecules in ecological interactions, revealing substantial survival benefits in nature. As a result, many researchers have concentrated on screening and optimizing the production of these molecules from natural sources such as microorganisms with the objective of pharmacological uses, primarily as antibiotics or anticancer agents. In this study, 80 isolates of Aspergillus were investigated for the production of flavipin. These fungi were collected from various locations and laboratories. Flavipin was estimated by using a standard curve, then purified by using silica gel chromatography, followed by identification using thin layer chromatography (TLC), and High Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fermentation conditions were carried out at the Central Health Laboratory/Maysan Health Directorate from April 2021 to August 2022. Out of eighty isolates of Aspergillus, only one isolate was identified as producer of flavipin which was Aspergillus terreus. According to HPLC analysis, the retention times of flavipin and its standard were 7.7 minutes and 7.6 minutes, respectively. By using the TLC technique, the relative flow (Rf) value was 0.55 cm for both standard flavipin and flavipin. The optimization of growth conditions and production of flavipin were studied. It is revealed that optimum conditions were as follows: pH 7 on 16 days, the temperature of 25oC for 12 days, culture volume of 50 ml on the 16th day, shaking speed of 150 rpm on the 12th day, inoculum size of 8 fungal agar disc on the 12th day, the optimal incubation period of 14 days, and Potato Dextrose Broth as the optimal culture media. The aim of the study was to determination of optimal conditions for the flavipin production that produced by Aspergillus terreus. For yielding a profuse amount of flavipin, the incubation and fermentation conditions such as temperature, the culture volume, shaking speed, inoculum size, pH of the medium, incubation period, and the type of culture media should be considered and the optimal one must be chosen.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Jassim, Eman Fadhel Abbas Awadh, Shaemaa Muhi Hasoon Al-Amery
Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that found in all habitat and usually in water. About two-thirds of the species studied are able to fix nitrogen, and thus participate in the nitrogen cycle. Cyanobacteria contain three pigments, green, blue and red. The green pigment is chlorophyll and helps it in photosynthesis. The blue dye is what gives it the blue color, and the reason for that is due to the abundance of blue dye inside it. As for the red pigment, it is beta-carotene, so we infer its presence from the flamingo bird. When the flamingo drinks water, cyanobacteria enter its body, and the pink color appears on some parts of its body. Cyanobacteria are currently considered a group of germs, so they are also called cyanobacteria. It has been completely shown that they are not closely related to plants, as they are not related to plants in any way (contrary to what was expected), nor to fungi or animals. Cyanobacteria are a variety of Gram-positive bacteria present in a range of different environmental locations such as soil, vegetables, sewage, skin and skin blotches. Some such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae are pathogens while others such as Corynebacterium glutamicum are of enormous industrial importance. C. glutamicum is a biotechnologically important bacterium with an annual production of more than two tons of the amino acids Polycomb group and lysine.
{"title":"A Review of General Properties of Blue-Green Algae (Cyanobacteria)","authors":"Y. Jassim, Eman Fadhel Abbas Awadh, Shaemaa Muhi Hasoon Al-Amery","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.397","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that found in all habitat and usually in water. About two-thirds of the species studied are able to fix nitrogen, and thus participate in the nitrogen cycle. Cyanobacteria contain three pigments, green, blue and red. The green pigment is chlorophyll and helps it in photosynthesis. The blue dye is what gives it the blue color, and the reason for that is due to the abundance of blue dye inside it. As for the red pigment, it is beta-carotene, so we infer its presence from the flamingo bird. When the flamingo drinks water, cyanobacteria enter its body, and the pink color appears on some parts of its body. Cyanobacteria are currently considered a group of germs, so they are also called cyanobacteria. It has been completely shown that they are not closely related to plants, as they are not related to plants in any way (contrary to what was expected), nor to fungi or animals. Cyanobacteria are a variety of Gram-positive bacteria present in a range of different environmental locations such as soil, vegetables, sewage, skin and skin blotches. Some such as Corynebacterium diphtheriae are pathogens while others such as Corynebacterium glutamicum are of enormous industrial importance. C. glutamicum is a biotechnologically important bacterium with an annual production of more than two tons of the amino acids Polycomb group and lysine.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114680001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adekunle Ademikanra, Olutayo Oyewole, Azeemat Olayiwola, Stephen Areo
Tetracycline is an antibiotic with powerful antibacterial activities against a wide variety if microorganisms. It is a potent antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis to work and it is also a good medication because of its low toxicity and adverse reaction, oral absorption, and effectiveness against disease-causing germs. Its major mechanism of action is based on inhibition of protein synthesis. The relatively low toxicity & allergic reaction, effective oral absorption, and wide range of effectiveness against disease causing microorganisms are reasons why tetracycline is regarded as a good medication. Tetracycline mechanism of action is mainly its inhibitory ability of protein synthesis. It inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosome's A site and thus prevent any further amino acid addition to the developing polypeptide chain. It inhibits protein synthesis at once and disrupt several enzymatic activities essential to propagation and survival. This inhibitory ability is less apparent in surrounding human/animal cells during treatment, which is due to inability of such cell to pump tetracycline into their cytoplasm against concentration gradient unlike bacteria cells. In addition, its ability to disrupt cellular membrane causes organelles o leak from the cell and thus impedes propagation or multiplication. However, tetracycline resistance was observed over time. Tetracycline resistance has been observed to be caused by the action of intrinsic enzymes synthesized to inactivates or degrade it. Also, the excretion and efflux of tetracycline from the cytoplasm, thus reducing cytoplasmic concentration and ultimately, its efficacy. Such microorganism possesses membrane proteins or transporters that can export tetracycline at a rate equal to or greater than its influx rate. The transporters could be tetracycline specific or a multidrug transporter. Another mechanism of tetracycline resistance is known as ribosome's protection. Although the mechanism is not well known, ribosome protective resistance protein (TetM) binds to the ribosome's binding site. This molecule has similarities to elongation factor, and it allows the elongation of polypeptide chain while reducing the affinity of the binding site to tetracycline. This ultimately makes tetracycline ineffective against the microorganisms. This mechanism can also be used in conjunction with efflux mechanism of tetracycline resistance.
{"title":"Tetracycline Resistance on Protein Synthesis","authors":"Adekunle Ademikanra, Olutayo Oyewole, Azeemat Olayiwola, Stephen Areo","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.450","url":null,"abstract":"Tetracycline is an antibiotic with powerful antibacterial activities against a wide variety if microorganisms. It is a potent antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis to work and it is also a good medication because of its low toxicity and adverse reaction, oral absorption, and effectiveness against disease-causing germs. Its major mechanism of action is based on inhibition of protein synthesis. The relatively low toxicity & allergic reaction, effective oral absorption, and wide range of effectiveness against disease causing microorganisms are reasons why tetracycline is regarded as a good medication. Tetracycline mechanism of action is mainly its inhibitory ability of protein synthesis. It inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the ribosome's A site and thus prevent any further amino acid addition to the developing polypeptide chain. It inhibits protein synthesis at once and disrupt several enzymatic activities essential to propagation and survival. This inhibitory ability is less apparent in surrounding human/animal cells during treatment, which is due to inability of such cell to pump tetracycline into their cytoplasm against concentration gradient unlike bacteria cells. In addition, its ability to disrupt cellular membrane causes organelles o leak from the cell and thus impedes propagation or multiplication. However, tetracycline resistance was observed over time. Tetracycline resistance has been observed to be caused by the action of intrinsic enzymes synthesized to inactivates or degrade it. Also, the excretion and efflux of tetracycline from the cytoplasm, thus reducing cytoplasmic concentration and ultimately, its efficacy. Such microorganism possesses membrane proteins or transporters that can export tetracycline at a rate equal to or greater than its influx rate. The transporters could be tetracycline specific or a multidrug transporter. Another mechanism of tetracycline resistance is known as ribosome's protection. Although the mechanism is not well known, ribosome protective resistance protein (TetM) binds to the ribosome's binding site. This molecule has similarities to elongation factor, and it allows the elongation of polypeptide chain while reducing the affinity of the binding site to tetracycline. This ultimately makes tetracycline ineffective against the microorganisms. This mechanism can also be used in conjunction with efflux mechanism of tetracycline resistance.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132041486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murtadha Abdullah Abbood, A. Al-Attraqchi, H. Sahib
The recent appearance of resistant bacterial species has generated alarm. Medicinal plants are still a good way to get bioactive substances with medical promise, and they can use to get a wide range of antibacterial substances. As an alternative to chemical agents, evaluated the effect of crude fenugreek seed extracts on resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Karbala. Sputum samples were collected from 455 patients with severe COVID-19, samples were examined directly and cultured on microbiological culture media, and growing colonies were distinguished and preparing smears staining with Grams stain, API system for biochemical and fermentation differentiation, then disc diffusion method to distinguish the resistant isolates in accordance with clinical and laboratory standards institute 2020. Extraction method using the Soxhlet method for eight hours. Electric rotatory evaporators were used to evaporate the remaining solvents, then crude extracts were collected. The GC-MS is used to determine bioactive compounds. Determination of antimicrobial effects by well diffusion method using different concentrations of each extract as (25, 50, 100, and 150mg/ml). The isolated microorganisms were P. aeruginosa comprising 21 (4.6%) including 4 (0.9%) as resistant isolates. However, 50 (11.0%) of the isolates were K. pneumoniae, with 6 (1.3% being resistant) the remaining were other microorganisms. Methanolic extract indicated the heights contains of bioactive compounds followed by chloroform and aqueous respectively. Fenugreek seed methanolic extract at a MIC of 100 mg/ml significant effect on tested microorganisms, with inhibition zones of 10.67 and 9.67 mm, respectively. The methanolic extract contains the most bioactive compounds and the most effective antibacterial agent, followed by chloroform and aqueous extract respectively. P. aeruginosa was the most resistant isolate.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Crude Extracts of Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum Graecum) on Resistant Isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","authors":"Murtadha Abdullah Abbood, A. Al-Attraqchi, H. Sahib","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.458","url":null,"abstract":"The recent appearance of resistant bacterial species has generated alarm. Medicinal plants are still a good way to get bioactive substances with medical promise, and they can use to get a wide range of antibacterial substances. As an alternative to chemical agents, evaluated the effect of crude fenugreek seed extracts on resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Karbala. Sputum samples were collected from 455 patients with severe COVID-19, samples were examined directly and cultured on microbiological culture media, and growing colonies were distinguished and preparing smears staining with Grams stain, API system for biochemical and fermentation differentiation, then disc diffusion method to distinguish the resistant isolates in accordance with clinical and laboratory standards institute 2020. Extraction method using the Soxhlet method for eight hours. Electric rotatory evaporators were used to evaporate the remaining solvents, then crude extracts were collected. The GC-MS is used to determine bioactive compounds. Determination of antimicrobial effects by well diffusion method using different concentrations of each extract as (25, 50, 100, and 150mg/ml). The isolated microorganisms were P. aeruginosa comprising 21 (4.6%) including 4 (0.9%) as resistant isolates. However, 50 (11.0%) of the isolates were K. pneumoniae, with 6 (1.3% being resistant) the remaining were other microorganisms. Methanolic extract indicated the heights contains of bioactive compounds followed by chloroform and aqueous respectively. Fenugreek seed methanolic extract at a MIC of 100 mg/ml significant effect on tested microorganisms, with inhibition zones of 10.67 and 9.67 mm, respectively. The methanolic extract contains the most bioactive compounds and the most effective antibacterial agent, followed by chloroform and aqueous extract respectively. P. aeruginosa was the most resistant isolate.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127838911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, a rapid, simple and accurate spectrophotometric approach was described for the estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride in the pure and in its drug forms. The suggested method was based on the oxidative coupling reaction of phenylephrine hydrochloride with p-aminobenzophenone using potassium periodate as an oxidant. A taupe-red dye was formed at room temperature and showed maximum absorption at 512 nm. The linearity of the standard calibration curve was compatible with Beer's law within the concentration range of 2.0-20 μg/mL with a determination coefficient (r2=0.9986). The apparent molar absorptivity and the sensitivity of Sandell's index were calculated and found to be in the values of 0.552x104 L/mol.cm. and 0.0368 μg/cm2, respectively. The nature of the resulting dye has been studied between phenylephrine hydrochloride to p-aminobenzophenoneand and it was equal to 1:1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were estimated and found to be 0.0094 and 0.0313 μg/mL, respectively. A relative standard deviation and a relative error were also calculated and they will be in the range of 0.0715 to 0.0216 and -0.0479% to -0.0145%, respectively. The recommended procedure was applied to assay phenylephrine hydrochloride in drops and injection and no interferences were observed from the common additives found in the drugs.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Estimation of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride via Oxidative Coupling Reaction with p-Aminobenzophenone","authors":"H. Ahmed","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i2.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i2.455","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a rapid, simple and accurate spectrophotometric approach was described for the estimation of phenylephrine hydrochloride in the pure and in its drug forms. The suggested method was based on the oxidative coupling reaction of phenylephrine hydrochloride with p-aminobenzophenone using potassium periodate as an oxidant. A taupe-red dye was formed at room temperature and showed maximum absorption at 512 nm. The linearity of the standard calibration curve was compatible with Beer's law within the concentration range of 2.0-20 μg/mL with a determination coefficient (r2=0.9986). The apparent molar absorptivity and the sensitivity of Sandell's index were calculated and found to be in the values of 0.552x104 L/mol.cm. and 0.0368 μg/cm2, respectively. The nature of the resulting dye has been studied between phenylephrine hydrochloride to p-aminobenzophenoneand and it was equal to 1:1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were estimated and found to be 0.0094 and 0.0313 μg/mL, respectively. A relative standard deviation and a relative error were also calculated and they will be in the range of 0.0715 to 0.0216 and -0.0479% to -0.0145%, respectively. The recommended procedure was applied to assay phenylephrine hydrochloride in drops and injection and no interferences were observed from the common additives found in the drugs.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132977922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mansour Kareem Abd Ali Al-Byati, Aqeel Mahdi Jreo Al-Duhaidahawi
In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were made utilizing an electrochemical method. Which has the advantages of being quick, simple, producing no side products, and being inexpensive. Advanced techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the generated zinc oxide. Using methyl orange dye, the analysis showed that the shape of zinc oxide nanoparticles was rice-like and the band gap value was 3.62. ZnO NPs is used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) it has many advantages including its ease of use and low cost, its ability to be integrated into buildings, and its fantastic performance under diffuse and indoor lighting. DSSCs have attracted more attention and have been deemed viable alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices. The solar cell's efficiency (η %) and fill factor with methyl orange as a dye were 2.3, and 74.1, respectively.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Electrochemical Method for Environmentally Friendly Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications (DSSCs)","authors":"Mansour Kareem Abd Ali Al-Byati, Aqeel Mahdi Jreo Al-Duhaidahawi","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i1.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i1.348","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were made utilizing an electrochemical method. Which has the advantages of being quick, simple, producing no side products, and being inexpensive. Advanced techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the generated zinc oxide. Using methyl orange dye, the analysis showed that the shape of zinc oxide nanoparticles was rice-like and the band gap value was 3.62. ZnO NPs is used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) it has many advantages including its ease of use and low cost, its ability to be integrated into buildings, and its fantastic performance under diffuse and indoor lighting. DSSCs have attracted more attention and have been deemed viable alternatives to conventional photovoltaic devices. The solar cell's efficiency (η %) and fill factor with methyl orange as a dye were 2.3, and 74.1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opioids are psychoactive chemical substances that have been known to reduce feelings of pain. They are a class of drugs that have been implicated in depressing the central nervous system and causing several physical and psychological reactions including numbness, inducing sleep, hyperactivity, drowsiness, mental confusion, nausea, euphoria as well as constipation. The commonest examples of opioids are tramadol, heroin, morphine, codeine, etc. The main reason for Opioid use is for therapeutic purposes. However, the use of Opioids has also been widely implicated in increasing energy and libido. It is also used as a coping mechanism against pressure, the impact of post-traumatic stress, poverty, crime, etc. The indiscriminate use of opioids is usually associated with overdose, addiction and withdrawal. This study focuses on the incidence of opioid use in Nigeria that has become an epidemic in all regions of the country. In addition to being an active component of cough syrups, Codeine and tramadol which are the predominant types of opioids in Nigeria, have been reported to be a leading cause of health implications and fatality amongst Nigerians, cutting across religion, gender, age, social and educational backgrounds. Due to their availability, ease of accessibility, relative affordability, and the euphoric sensation they cause, Codeine and Tramadol have been tremendously used indiscriminately. There are recorded incidents of fatal overdose and adverse interactions between opioids and other drug classes such as Indian hemp. The addictive ability and the resultant antisocial behaviour, fatality and potential health implication poses Opioid use as a threat in the society. This menace has therefore incited the government to put measures in place to enforce the reduction in Opioid use.
{"title":"Introduction to Opioids","authors":"Adekunle Ademikanra, Azeemat Olayiwola, Olutayo Oyewole","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i1.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i1.304","url":null,"abstract":"Opioids are psychoactive chemical substances that have been known to reduce feelings of pain. They are a class of drugs that have been implicated in depressing the central nervous system and causing several physical and psychological reactions including numbness, inducing sleep, hyperactivity, drowsiness, mental confusion, nausea, euphoria as well as constipation. The commonest examples of opioids are tramadol, heroin, morphine, codeine, etc. The main reason for Opioid use is for therapeutic purposes. However, the use of Opioids has also been widely implicated in increasing energy and libido. It is also used as a coping mechanism against pressure, the impact of post-traumatic stress, poverty, crime, etc. The indiscriminate use of opioids is usually associated with overdose, addiction and withdrawal. This study focuses on the incidence of opioid use in Nigeria that has become an epidemic in all regions of the country. In addition to being an active component of cough syrups, Codeine and tramadol which are the predominant types of opioids in Nigeria, have been reported to be a leading cause of health implications and fatality amongst Nigerians, cutting across religion, gender, age, social and educational backgrounds. Due to their availability, ease of accessibility, relative affordability, and the euphoric sensation they cause, Codeine and Tramadol have been tremendously used indiscriminately. There are recorded incidents of fatal overdose and adverse interactions between opioids and other drug classes such as Indian hemp. The addictive ability and the resultant antisocial behaviour, fatality and potential health implication poses Opioid use as a threat in the society. This menace has therefore incited the government to put measures in place to enforce the reduction in Opioid use.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115032236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. The goal of the study was to determine the link between lipid damage (MDA), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and various biochemical indicators in patients with NAFLD who had diabetes and obese adults. This study included comparison 100 patients and healthy control group, aged 18 to 75 years while BMI range from 15.9 to 50.9 Kg/m2. Enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)); non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, vit E and direct and total bilirubin); lipid damage (malondialdehyde (MDA)), and biochemical markers ( liver enzyme ( ALT, AST & ALP), glucose, Albumin and lipid profile in the serum samples were measured . The NAFLD with DM and obese adult showed increasing of glucose, BMI, ALT, AST, ALP, T. CHOL, LDL, TG, VLDL, SOD and CAT levels excepted HDL. It showed a decreasing. Whereas decrease of Vitamin E and ALB levels compared to control group. Our findings show that the serum enzymatic anti-oxidant , non-enzymatic anti-oxidant, dyslipidemia and liver disfunction and vitamin E decrease are tightly and independently related to NAFLD with diabetes and obese adult status.
{"title":"The Relation of Biomarkers in Serum Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and NAFLD Obese among Adults in Basrah Governorate","authors":"Fatima Latif, Abeer G. Al Sawafi, Dawood S. Ali","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i1.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i1.322","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. The goal of the study was to determine the link between lipid damage (MDA), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and various biochemical indicators in patients with NAFLD who had diabetes and obese adults. This study included comparison 100 patients and healthy control group, aged 18 to 75 years while BMI range from 15.9 to 50.9 Kg/m2. Enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)); non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, vit E and direct and total bilirubin); lipid damage (malondialdehyde (MDA)), and biochemical markers ( liver enzyme ( ALT, AST & ALP), glucose, Albumin and lipid profile in the serum samples were measured . The NAFLD with DM and obese adult showed increasing of glucose, BMI, ALT, AST, ALP, T. CHOL, LDL, TG, VLDL, SOD and CAT levels excepted HDL. It showed a decreasing. Whereas decrease of Vitamin E and ALB levels compared to control group. Our findings show that the serum enzymatic anti-oxidant , non-enzymatic anti-oxidant, dyslipidemia and liver disfunction and vitamin E decrease are tightly and independently related to NAFLD with diabetes and obese adult status.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129896994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was included isolation and identification of yeasts from five sediments soil samples from Al-Faw and Shatt al-Arab in Basrah provinces, Iraq. The soil samples were collected during fallow period 1-1-2021 to 1-6-2022. In the primary isolation dilution method used for cultured soil samples, two crud colonies filtration was used. Two types of terpenes (T1, T2) were purified from culture filtrates of both species Cystobasidium benthicum and C .minutum separately. The thin layer chromatography and column chromatography were used in the first step of purification. Cytotoxicity test revealed no toxic effect for both terpenes at 0.2 gm / ml concentration. The two terpenes were identified using ultra violet and infra-red spectroscopy as well. Therefore the results showed the terpenes nature of both toxins and determination of important active groups in the structure of the two isolated terpenes. The current study aimed to search for more treatments that limit the vitality of the larval stages of the parasite, so it was done antiparasite activity for both terpenes were performed against Echinococcus granulosus the results showed the T1 more activity against parasite compared with T2.
{"title":"Production, Purification and Characterization of Terpenes Isolated From Two New Strains of Yeasts in Iraq and Study of Their Antiparasitic Activity","authors":"Najwa Mohammed Jameel","doi":"10.48112/bcs.v2i1.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i1.392","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was included isolation and identification of yeasts from five sediments soil samples from Al-Faw and Shatt al-Arab in Basrah provinces, Iraq. The soil samples were collected during fallow period 1-1-2021 to 1-6-2022. In the primary isolation dilution method used for cultured soil samples, two crud colonies filtration was used. Two types of terpenes (T1, T2) were purified from culture filtrates of both species Cystobasidium benthicum and C .minutum separately. The thin layer chromatography and column chromatography were used in the first step of purification. Cytotoxicity test revealed no toxic effect for both terpenes at 0.2 gm / ml concentration. The two terpenes were identified using ultra violet and infra-red spectroscopy as well. Therefore the results showed the terpenes nature of both toxins and determination of important active groups in the structure of the two isolated terpenes. The current study aimed to search for more treatments that limit the vitality of the larval stages of the parasite, so it was done antiparasite activity for both terpenes were performed against Echinococcus granulosus the results showed the T1 more activity against parasite compared with T2.","PeriodicalId":176903,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130499307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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