Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556607
A. Jakoet, D. Oyedokun, C. Gaunt, P. Cilliers
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) have received increasing attention in scientific and engineering communities since 1989 due to their effects on electrical infrastructure. Geomagnetic disturbances (GMD), initiated by plasma ejections from the Sun, induce low frequency (<;1 Hz) quasi-dc voltages in transmission lines, causing GICs to flow through neutral-grounded star-wound (grounded-wye) transformer windings. Half-wave saturation of the core causes unbalanced currents, harmonics, localized heating and an increase in non-active power consumption, leading to tripping of protective relays and system instability. South African experience of power system disruption by GICs, even in its mid-latitude location, has been reported and initiated several studies. This research, using the PowerWorld Simulator software, extends previous studies to assess the GICs, voltage stability and reactive power requirements of a model network typical of power systems in South Africa, when subjected to the benchmark GMD event.
{"title":"Preliminary modeling of geomagnetically induced currents in South Africa using PowerWorld Simulator","authors":"A. Jakoet, D. Oyedokun, C. Gaunt, P. Cilliers","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556607","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) have received increasing attention in scientific and engineering communities since 1989 due to their effects on electrical infrastructure. Geomagnetic disturbances (GMD), initiated by plasma ejections from the Sun, induce low frequency (<;1 Hz) quasi-dc voltages in transmission lines, causing GICs to flow through neutral-grounded star-wound (grounded-wye) transformer windings. Half-wave saturation of the core causes unbalanced currents, harmonics, localized heating and an increase in non-active power consumption, leading to tripping of protective relays and system instability. South African experience of power system disruption by GICs, even in its mid-latitude location, has been reported and initiated several studies. This research, using the PowerWorld Simulator software, extends previous studies to assess the GICs, voltage stability and reactive power requirements of a model network typical of power systems in South Africa, when subjected to the benchmark GMD event.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129375579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556572
M. Abdulah, T. Matlokotsi, S. Chowdhury
Electrification of rural households is of key importance for Africa's economic growth, particularly for developing countries such as Botswana. This paper carries out a techno-economic feasibility study of a solar biomass hybrid system with and without energy storage to supply load demand. The case studies were performed using HOMER software, choosing Phakalane, a village of Botswana as a location. Various scenarios were investigated such as; solar standalone system with and without energy storage, hybrid solar-biomass system with and without energy storage as well as its integration to the grid. It is concluded that a hybrid solar-biomass system with energy storage is the most technically and economically feasible system with various optimized components.
{"title":"Techno-economic feasibility study of solar PV and biomass-based electricity generation for rural household and farm in Botswana","authors":"M. Abdulah, T. Matlokotsi, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556572","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification of rural households is of key importance for Africa's economic growth, particularly for developing countries such as Botswana. This paper carries out a techno-economic feasibility study of a solar biomass hybrid system with and without energy storage to supply load demand. The case studies were performed using HOMER software, choosing Phakalane, a village of Botswana as a location. Various scenarios were investigated such as; solar standalone system with and without energy storage, hybrid solar-biomass system with and without energy storage as well as its integration to the grid. It is concluded that a hybrid solar-biomass system with energy storage is the most technically and economically feasible system with various optimized components.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122248176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556581
M. Musau, N. Odero, C. Wekesa
HVDC systems have recently found increasing importance in integration of Renewable energy (RE) into the grid for they provide long distance bulk power transmission by overhead lines with various economic advantages. The proposed 1045 km, 500kV HVDC Ethiopia - Kenya Bipole will provide transmission of Wind power from the Lake Turkana Wind Power Project (LTWWP) to Juja Substation in Nairobi, Kenya. In this paper, multi objective dynamic economic dispatch (MODED) with RE and HVDC transmission lines is proposed. All the possible AC and DC constraints are also formulated and considered. Probalistic load flow (PLF) is used to determine the HVDC, RE and other system parameters while the uncertainties and variability of the renewable sources are modelled using scenario based method (SBM). The problem is then solved using Improved Genetic Algorithm(IGA). For MODED with RE, HVDC lines have a better ability to control power flow, decrease transmission line losses and increase the capability to maintain voltage stability. There has to a trade-off between the environmental benefits and slight increase in optimal cost in using HVDC grids.
{"title":"Multi objective dynamic economic dispatch with renewable energy and HVDC transmission lines","authors":"M. Musau, N. Odero, C. Wekesa","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556581","url":null,"abstract":"HVDC systems have recently found increasing importance in integration of Renewable energy (RE) into the grid for they provide long distance bulk power transmission by overhead lines with various economic advantages. The proposed 1045 km, 500kV HVDC Ethiopia - Kenya Bipole will provide transmission of Wind power from the Lake Turkana Wind Power Project (LTWWP) to Juja Substation in Nairobi, Kenya. In this paper, multi objective dynamic economic dispatch (MODED) with RE and HVDC transmission lines is proposed. All the possible AC and DC constraints are also formulated and considered. Probalistic load flow (PLF) is used to determine the HVDC, RE and other system parameters while the uncertainties and variability of the renewable sources are modelled using scenario based method (SBM). The problem is then solved using Improved Genetic Algorithm(IGA). For MODED with RE, HVDC lines have a better ability to control power flow, decrease transmission line losses and increase the capability to maintain voltage stability. There has to a trade-off between the environmental benefits and slight increase in optimal cost in using HVDC grids.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131174350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556576
A. Pahwa
While much of the world enjoys electricity for conveniences and necessities of daily life, a significant portion of the global population has no access to electricity. The absence of electricity creates barriers for family life as well as educational and economic opportunities. The extremely high cost of grid expansion and a lack of available fuel resources to generate electricity have been hurdles for electrification of regions such as sub-Sahara Africa. Extending the grid to meet electricity needs of a small population, especially in rural areas with low population density, is not always viable. Instead, localized electricity generation in stand-alone or mini-grid applications is a possible option. This paper will give examples of current programs for electrification and discuss barriers to rural electrification. The paper will conclude with suggestions for partnership between the government, academic institutions, industry, and NGOs to accelerate electrification in rural communities, specifically sub-Sahara Africa, while leveraging the available renewable energy technologies.
{"title":"Partnerships to facilitate electricity access for the remote rural communities of sub-Sahara Africa","authors":"A. Pahwa","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556576","url":null,"abstract":"While much of the world enjoys electricity for conveniences and necessities of daily life, a significant portion of the global population has no access to electricity. The absence of electricity creates barriers for family life as well as educational and economic opportunities. The extremely high cost of grid expansion and a lack of available fuel resources to generate electricity have been hurdles for electrification of regions such as sub-Sahara Africa. Extending the grid to meet electricity needs of a small population, especially in rural areas with low population density, is not always viable. Instead, localized electricity generation in stand-alone or mini-grid applications is a possible option. This paper will give examples of current programs for electrification and discuss barriers to rural electrification. The paper will conclude with suggestions for partnership between the government, academic institutions, industry, and NGOs to accelerate electrification in rural communities, specifically sub-Sahara Africa, while leveraging the available renewable energy technologies.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"84 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556562
R. Alberdi, E. Fernández, I. Albizu, V. Valverde, M. Bedialauneta, K. Sagastabeitia
One of the purposes of smart grids is the efficient delivery of sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. One of the strategies used for this purpose is the control and improvement of overhead lines ampacity. A smart use of the actual ampacity requires the implementation of intelligent control devices. Research on ampacity is aimed not only to calculate it in the real time, but also to be able to forecast it several days or hours in advance. The aim of this paper is to compare different ampacity forecasting methods based on a bibliographic analysis. The different methods are classified in terms of the algorithms, the required data and the forecast length. Experiences that show the application of the methods in smart grids are described.
{"title":"Statistical methods and weather prediction for ampacity forecasting in smart grids","authors":"R. Alberdi, E. Fernández, I. Albizu, V. Valverde, M. Bedialauneta, K. Sagastabeitia","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556562","url":null,"abstract":"One of the purposes of smart grids is the efficient delivery of sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. One of the strategies used for this purpose is the control and improvement of overhead lines ampacity. A smart use of the actual ampacity requires the implementation of intelligent control devices. Research on ampacity is aimed not only to calculate it in the real time, but also to be able to forecast it several days or hours in advance. The aim of this paper is to compare different ampacity forecasting methods based on a bibliographic analysis. The different methods are classified in terms of the algorithms, the required data and the forecast length. Experiences that show the application of the methods in smart grids are described.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122143328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556591
G. Mugala, D. Chembe
Even if Demand Response has become very important and useful in reducing peak loads and also providing incentives for the Consumers, it is being applied only as a Scenario Driven solution. In other words Demand Response is only being used in the event of peak loads. During the moments of no peak loads, Demand Response programs are not available to the Consumers or market participants and none of the Demand Response Programs are being applied. Demand Response as many define it to be a short term response to a critical energy situation may be a limiting factor to the application and understanding of Demand Response programs.
{"title":"Development and implementation of demand response load management system for maintaining the supply and demand during off-peak periods","authors":"G. Mugala, D. Chembe","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556591","url":null,"abstract":"Even if Demand Response has become very important and useful in reducing peak loads and also providing incentives for the Consumers, it is being applied only as a Scenario Driven solution. In other words Demand Response is only being used in the event of peak loads. During the moments of no peak loads, Demand Response programs are not available to the Consumers or market participants and none of the Demand Response Programs are being applied. Demand Response as many define it to be a short term response to a critical energy situation may be a limiting factor to the application and understanding of Demand Response programs.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126507731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556622
T. Baloyi, S. Kibaara, S. Chowdhury
Rising human population and economic development have led to drastic increase in energy consumption. Currently, the largest portion of the energy demand across the world is met by continually depleting fossil fuels which also add to environmental pollution and global warming. This has intensified the quest for more sustainable and cleaner indigenous energy sources to reduce the high dependence on fossil fuels as well as to alleviate energy poverty in rural and remote localities, especially in continents like Asia, Africa and South America. This paper proposes implementation of wind and biomass-based energy generation systems for rural electrification as one viable option for energy poverty alleviation in the off-grid localities in the country. This paper assesses and compares the economic feasibility of electricity production from various wind and biomass based electricity generation systems, such as with and without storage and when wind and biomass are hybridized to form a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). The case studies are carried out in Mseleni village and Net Present Cost, Cost of Electricity, excess electricity and carbon emissions are used as comparison criteria.
{"title":"Economic feasibility analysis of wind and biomass-based electricity generation for rural South Africa","authors":"T. Baloyi, S. Kibaara, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556622","url":null,"abstract":"Rising human population and economic development have led to drastic increase in energy consumption. Currently, the largest portion of the energy demand across the world is met by continually depleting fossil fuels which also add to environmental pollution and global warming. This has intensified the quest for more sustainable and cleaner indigenous energy sources to reduce the high dependence on fossil fuels as well as to alleviate energy poverty in rural and remote localities, especially in continents like Asia, Africa and South America. This paper proposes implementation of wind and biomass-based energy generation systems for rural electrification as one viable option for energy poverty alleviation in the off-grid localities in the country. This paper assesses and compares the economic feasibility of electricity production from various wind and biomass based electricity generation systems, such as with and without storage and when wind and biomass are hybridized to form a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). The case studies are carried out in Mseleni village and Net Present Cost, Cost of Electricity, excess electricity and carbon emissions are used as comparison criteria.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127776543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556566
R. Gammon, P. Boait, V. Advani
Stand-alone mini-grids provide vital energy access to rural communities across the Developing World where economic constraints necessitate optimal cost-effectiveness without compromising reliability or quality of service. Managing electricity demand to match supply availability - for example, by incentivizing consumers to operate loads at specific times - can contribute to this aim. This paper addresses a method to achieve this, whereby timeslots are sold in which additional power is made available to participating consumers with high-powered, commercial loads, such as grain mills. Using a low-cost microprocessor to control remotely-switchable power sockets by wireless communications, circuits are activated according to the timeslots purchased without interruption of low-power (e.g. lighting and phone-charging) circuits. Informed by site survey data, laboratory tests demonstrated the system to be reliable and effective in maintaining demand closer to supply availability while avoiding overloads. This reduces losses and the need for storage while increasing energy access and return on investment.
{"title":"Management of demand profiles on mini-grids in developing countries using timeslot allocation","authors":"R. Gammon, P. Boait, V. Advani","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556566","url":null,"abstract":"Stand-alone mini-grids provide vital energy access to rural communities across the Developing World where economic constraints necessitate optimal cost-effectiveness without compromising reliability or quality of service. Managing electricity demand to match supply availability - for example, by incentivizing consumers to operate loads at specific times - can contribute to this aim. This paper addresses a method to achieve this, whereby timeslots are sold in which additional power is made available to participating consumers with high-powered, commercial loads, such as grain mills. Using a low-cost microprocessor to control remotely-switchable power sockets by wireless communications, circuits are activated according to the timeslots purchased without interruption of low-power (e.g. lighting and phone-charging) circuits. Informed by site survey data, laboratory tests demonstrated the system to be reliable and effective in maintaining demand closer to supply availability while avoiding overloads. This reduces losses and the need for storage while increasing energy access and return on investment.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126174491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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