Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556621
A. Melodi, J. Momoh, O. Adeyanju
The paper proposes probabilistic long-term load forecast and algorithm for application on Nigerian transmission system. The paper applied a developed system specific algorithm comprising Monte Carlo, and artificial neural network techniques that considers location's predominant driving factors as population and GDP growth of the Nigerian system. An initial analysis on obtainable historic data for these factors and load is carried out to obtain possible variability characteristics. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB-Excel workspaces. Normal mode impact of obtained regional forecasts on test system was obtained by long term power flow computation with NEPLAN software. The system time-step responses suggested reinforcement requirements and guide for the existing Nigerian grid and its long term development.
{"title":"Probabilistic long term load forecast for Nigerian bulk power transmission system expansion planning","authors":"A. Melodi, J. Momoh, O. Adeyanju","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556621","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes probabilistic long-term load forecast and algorithm for application on Nigerian transmission system. The paper applied a developed system specific algorithm comprising Monte Carlo, and artificial neural network techniques that considers location's predominant driving factors as population and GDP growth of the Nigerian system. An initial analysis on obtainable historic data for these factors and load is carried out to obtain possible variability characteristics. The algorithm is implemented in MATLAB-Excel workspaces. Normal mode impact of obtained regional forecasts on test system was obtained by long term power flow computation with NEPLAN software. The system time-step responses suggested reinforcement requirements and guide for the existing Nigerian grid and its long term development.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130361655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556569
B. Akinyi, E. Zulu
Summaery form only given: Zambia is currently facing an energy crisis. In the recent past ZESCO, the national electricity utility has heightened load shedding, throughout the country. The reason for this being attributed to insufficient water in the reservoirs at Kariba and Itezhitezhi due to “below average” rainfall experienced during the 2014/15 rainy season. The load shedding averages 6-10 hours per day and affects industries, businesses and domestic customers. Load shedding is the last measure used by an electric utility company to avoid a total blackout of the power system. Load shedding for such long hours has great economic impact especially on the mining sector which is the backbone of the Zambian economy. Essential loads like those found in the hospitals like neo-natal units and refrigeration are also greatly affected. This paper seeks to analyse an energy constrained system and to incorporate Demand response as a smarter way of managing the area under the load curve without denying the customer 6-10 hours of electricity supply. Demand response programs are designed to decrease electricity consumption or shift it from on peak to off-peak periods depending on consumers'preferences and lifestyles. Demand response programs can be used by electric system planners and operators as resource options for balancing supply and demand. Demand Response can be a more cost effective alternative than adding generation capabilities to meet the peak or occasional demand spikes. It is a transition from a service driven to a market driven system.
{"title":"Analysis of an energy constrained power system and incorporation of demand response into the load shedding framework","authors":"B. Akinyi, E. Zulu","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556569","url":null,"abstract":"Summaery form only given: Zambia is currently facing an energy crisis. In the recent past ZESCO, the national electricity utility has heightened load shedding, throughout the country. The reason for this being attributed to insufficient water in the reservoirs at Kariba and Itezhitezhi due to “below average” rainfall experienced during the 2014/15 rainy season. The load shedding averages 6-10 hours per day and affects industries, businesses and domestic customers. Load shedding is the last measure used by an electric utility company to avoid a total blackout of the power system. Load shedding for such long hours has great economic impact especially on the mining sector which is the backbone of the Zambian economy. Essential loads like those found in the hospitals like neo-natal units and refrigeration are also greatly affected. This paper seeks to analyse an energy constrained system and to incorporate Demand response as a smarter way of managing the area under the load curve without denying the customer 6-10 hours of electricity supply. Demand response programs are designed to decrease electricity consumption or shift it from on peak to off-peak periods depending on consumers'preferences and lifestyles. Demand response programs can be used by electric system planners and operators as resource options for balancing supply and demand. Demand Response can be a more cost effective alternative than adding generation capabilities to meet the peak or occasional demand spikes. It is a transition from a service driven to a market driven system.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125642031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556570
Ugonna Anuebunwa, H. Rajamani, P. Pillai, O. Okpako
The introduction of smart metering has brought more detailed information on the actual load profile of a house. With the ability to measure, comes the desire to control the load profile. Furthermore, advances in renewable energy have made the consumer to become supplier, known as Prosumer, who therefore also becomes interested in the detail of his load, and also his energy production. With the lowering cost of smart plugs and other automation units, it has become possible to schedule electrical appliances. This makes it possible to adjust the load profiles of houses. However, without a market in the demand side, the use of load profile modification techniques are unlikely to be adapted by consumers on the long term. In this research, we will be presenting work on scheduling of energy appliances to modify the load profiles within a market environment. The paper will review the literature on algorithms used in scheduling of appliances in residential areas. Whilst many algorithms presented in the literature show that scheduling of appliances is feasible, many issues arise with respect to user interaction, and hence adaptation. Furthermore, the criteria used to evaluate the algorithms is often related only to reducing energy consumption, and hence CO2. Whilst this a key factor, it may not necessarily meet the demands of the consumer. In this paper we will be presenting work on a novel genetic algorithm that will optimize the load profile while taking into account user participation indices. A novel measure of the comfort of the customer, derived from the standard deviation of the load profile, is proposed in order to encourage the customer to participate more actively in demand response programs. Different scenarios will also be tested.
{"title":"Novel genetic algorithm for scheduling of appliances","authors":"Ugonna Anuebunwa, H. Rajamani, P. Pillai, O. Okpako","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556570","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of smart metering has brought more detailed information on the actual load profile of a house. With the ability to measure, comes the desire to control the load profile. Furthermore, advances in renewable energy have made the consumer to become supplier, known as Prosumer, who therefore also becomes interested in the detail of his load, and also his energy production. With the lowering cost of smart plugs and other automation units, it has become possible to schedule electrical appliances. This makes it possible to adjust the load profiles of houses. However, without a market in the demand side, the use of load profile modification techniques are unlikely to be adapted by consumers on the long term. In this research, we will be presenting work on scheduling of energy appliances to modify the load profiles within a market environment. The paper will review the literature on algorithms used in scheduling of appliances in residential areas. Whilst many algorithms presented in the literature show that scheduling of appliances is feasible, many issues arise with respect to user interaction, and hence adaptation. Furthermore, the criteria used to evaluate the algorithms is often related only to reducing energy consumption, and hence CO2. Whilst this a key factor, it may not necessarily meet the demands of the consumer. In this paper we will be presenting work on a novel genetic algorithm that will optimize the load profile while taking into account user participation indices. A novel measure of the comfort of the customer, derived from the standard deviation of the load profile, is proposed in order to encourage the customer to participate more actively in demand response programs. Different scenarios will also be tested.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129394655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556579
E. Hamatwi, I. Davidson, M. N. Gitau, G. Adam
Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for generating electricity due to its cost competitiveness when compared to the conventional energy sources (fossil fuels). Wind farms are usually located far from the loads for minimal disturbances and optimal power generation. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission is the preferred bulk power transmission system over long distances due to the minimal transmission losses, low costs and reduced environmental impacts. In this research investigation, a 690V, 2MW wind turbine equipped with a PMSG is modelled to be integrated into a local 33kV AC grid via a 2-level VSC-based HVDC transmission system. Three control schemes are implemented on the proposed system: a blade-pitch-angle controller applied on the wind turbine model, a field-oriented rotor speed controller applied on the rectifier for maximum power extraction, and a vector-oriented direct-current-link voltage controller applied on the grid-side inverter to keep the DC-link voltage constant and to ensure unity power factor. The proposed subsystems are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations are carried out to analyze the overall system's performance.
{"title":"Modeling and control of voltage source converters for grid integration of a wind turbine system","authors":"E. Hamatwi, I. Davidson, M. N. Gitau, G. Adam","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556579","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for generating electricity due to its cost competitiveness when compared to the conventional energy sources (fossil fuels). Wind farms are usually located far from the loads for minimal disturbances and optimal power generation. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission is the preferred bulk power transmission system over long distances due to the minimal transmission losses, low costs and reduced environmental impacts. In this research investigation, a 690V, 2MW wind turbine equipped with a PMSG is modelled to be integrated into a local 33kV AC grid via a 2-level VSC-based HVDC transmission system. Three control schemes are implemented on the proposed system: a blade-pitch-angle controller applied on the wind turbine model, a field-oriented rotor speed controller applied on the rectifier for maximum power extraction, and a vector-oriented direct-current-link voltage controller applied on the grid-side inverter to keep the DC-link voltage constant and to ensure unity power factor. The proposed subsystems are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and simulations are carried out to analyze the overall system's performance.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"515 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116212267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2016.7556612
L. L. Amuhaya, M. Kamper
Grid-compliant wind-turbine systems require compensation of reactive power into the grid to maintain voltages and increase power system stability under variable load levels. To provide a solution a conventional PM synchronous generator of a slip synchronous wind generator system is upgraded to a hybrid-PM synchronous generator (hybrid-PMSG) by introducing slots in the rotor that are wound with field coils. In this way the flux in the generator and reactive power can be controlled by rotor-field MMF control. In addition, it is possible to operate the wind generator as synchronous condenser under zero-wind conditions so that it will act as a source of lagging and leading VARs to the grid. In this paper the effects of the rotor field winding MMF of the proposed hybrid-PMSG and its performance as a source of dynamic VARs (both capacitive and inductive) of a grid compliant slip synchronous wind-turbine system are described.
{"title":"Effect of rotor field winding MMF on performance of grid-compliant hybrid-PM slip synchronous wind generator","authors":"L. L. Amuhaya, M. Kamper","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2016.7556612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2016.7556612","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-compliant wind-turbine systems require compensation of reactive power into the grid to maintain voltages and increase power system stability under variable load levels. To provide a solution a conventional PM synchronous generator of a slip synchronous wind generator system is upgraded to a hybrid-PM synchronous generator (hybrid-PMSG) by introducing slots in the rotor that are wound with field coils. In this way the flux in the generator and reactive power can be controlled by rotor-field MMF control. In addition, it is possible to operate the wind generator as synchronous condenser under zero-wind conditions so that it will act as a source of lagging and leading VARs to the grid. In this paper the effects of the rotor field winding MMF of the proposed hybrid-PMSG and its performance as a source of dynamic VARs (both capacitive and inductive) of a grid compliant slip synchronous wind-turbine system are described.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116248005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556608
K. Kusakana
In this work, the optimal power scheduling for a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery hybrid system is proposed to sufficiently explore solar energy and to benefit customers at demand side. The developed model for the hybrid system's optimal power flow management aims to minimize electricity cost subject to the power balance, photovoltaic and battery storage outputs as well as other operational constraints. With respect to demand side management, an optimal control method is developed to schedule the power flow of hybrid system over 24-h period. Simulation are performed using MATLAB, and the results demonstrate that operating the proposed hybrid system under the developed optimal energy management model can reduce the operation cost and allow consumers to generate substantial income by selling power to the grid.
{"title":"Optimal operation control of a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery hybrid system","authors":"K. Kusakana","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556608","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the optimal power scheduling for a grid-connected photovoltaic-battery hybrid system is proposed to sufficiently explore solar energy and to benefit customers at demand side. The developed model for the hybrid system's optimal power flow management aims to minimize electricity cost subject to the power balance, photovoltaic and battery storage outputs as well as other operational constraints. With respect to demand side management, an optimal control method is developed to schedule the power flow of hybrid system over 24-h period. Simulation are performed using MATLAB, and the results demonstrate that operating the proposed hybrid system under the developed optimal energy management model can reduce the operation cost and allow consumers to generate substantial income by selling power to the grid.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121039139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556605
Xin Huang, Lei Zhang, Yong Ding, Xiaoming Li
A 900 MVAr Static Var Compensator system have been installed in the Holeta substation in Ethiopia which was designed and manufactured by NR Electric. In order to strengthen the role of SVC in controlling reactive power, the paper presents a new design of control and protection System. There are three sets of 300 MVAr capacity SVC when the whole system works in the independent mode. They can also work as one set of 900 MVAr reactive compensation in the coordinate mode. The Whole system contains fifteen branches and eight control units. Every two SCUs are backup for each other in one single set of 300 MVAr SVC. The two CCUs control the whole system alternately when it is in the coordinate mode. The 900 MVAr SVC control system has implemented some advanced strategy such as POD function and Voltage control strategy with reserve power. FAT and Control Logic Tests have been completed to verify that the system works perfectly. RTDS system is used to verify the control logic in the Control Logic Tests. The results prove that the control logic of new design of large capacity SVC works well.
{"title":"The design of control and protection system of 900 MVAr SVC in Holeta substation in Ethiopia","authors":"Xin Huang, Lei Zhang, Yong Ding, Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556605","url":null,"abstract":"A 900 MVAr Static Var Compensator system have been installed in the Holeta substation in Ethiopia which was designed and manufactured by NR Electric. In order to strengthen the role of SVC in controlling reactive power, the paper presents a new design of control and protection System. There are three sets of 300 MVAr capacity SVC when the whole system works in the independent mode. They can also work as one set of 900 MVAr reactive compensation in the coordinate mode. The Whole system contains fifteen branches and eight control units. Every two SCUs are backup for each other in one single set of 300 MVAr SVC. The two CCUs control the whole system alternately when it is in the coordinate mode. The 900 MVAr SVC control system has implemented some advanced strategy such as POD function and Voltage control strategy with reserve power. FAT and Control Logic Tests have been completed to verify that the system works perfectly. RTDS system is used to verify the control logic in the Control Logic Tests. The results prove that the control logic of new design of large capacity SVC works well.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556596
J. Ehnberg, H. Ahlborg, E. Hartvigsson
Microgrids for electricity provision have an important role to play in achieving current international targets of electrifying poor rural communities around the world. In the East-African context, microgrid developers face challenges related to dispersed settlement patterns and high poverty levels that prevent many rural citizens from affording grid connection. Contextual factors influence demand for electricity, leading to uncertainties regarding development of consumption in newly electrified areas. Developers usually oversize the system in anticipation of growing demand, which leads to significant investment costs and economic risk in case projected growth fails to appear. Our focus in this paper is to introduce a concept of flexible distribution design - a process that can reduce initial investment cost and still be able to meet the long-term variations of the load, thereby reducing economic risks involved in microgrid development and thereby an entry barrier. We exemplify the usefulness of this design approach by seven steps of transfer capacity increase, which can be taken in sequence or in part, to achieve a distribution system configuration flexible enough to handle changes in electricity consumption, both increasing and in some cases also decreasing. Considerations on how flexible design would impact on system operation, power transfer capacity and demands on local technical expertise and maintenance are included. Importantly, the technical discussion is related to socio-economic aspects and the consequences for end-users as well as the utility. Real-world examples of application of the mature technologies from East-Africa address the feasibility and provide a context for the discussion.
{"title":"Flexible distribution design in microgrids for dynamic power demand in low-income communities","authors":"J. Ehnberg, H. Ahlborg, E. Hartvigsson","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556596","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids for electricity provision have an important role to play in achieving current international targets of electrifying poor rural communities around the world. In the East-African context, microgrid developers face challenges related to dispersed settlement patterns and high poverty levels that prevent many rural citizens from affording grid connection. Contextual factors influence demand for electricity, leading to uncertainties regarding development of consumption in newly electrified areas. Developers usually oversize the system in anticipation of growing demand, which leads to significant investment costs and economic risk in case projected growth fails to appear. Our focus in this paper is to introduce a concept of flexible distribution design - a process that can reduce initial investment cost and still be able to meet the long-term variations of the load, thereby reducing economic risks involved in microgrid development and thereby an entry barrier. We exemplify the usefulness of this design approach by seven steps of transfer capacity increase, which can be taken in sequence or in part, to achieve a distribution system configuration flexible enough to handle changes in electricity consumption, both increasing and in some cases also decreasing. Considerations on how flexible design would impact on system operation, power transfer capacity and demands on local technical expertise and maintenance are included. Importantly, the technical discussion is related to socio-economic aspects and the consequences for end-users as well as the utility. Real-world examples of application of the mature technologies from East-Africa address the feasibility and provide a context for the discussion.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114323900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556606
A. Mutsvangwa, B. Nleya, B. Nleya
Hybrid power systems are rapidly becoming a standard for all smart grids as we gear towards cleaner alternative energy sources. However their management is quite complex due to the different power generating sources which leads to complex management due to the multitudes of data exchange involved. Despite its attractive features, Hybrid Smart Grids remain vulnerable to security threats. In this paper, we summarize some of these potential security issues by exploring data access control mechanisms that ensure privacy to customers. We hereby propose a security model based on attribute-based encryption (ABE). The entire grid network is subdivided into clusters each with its own remote terminal unit (RTU) as well as a gateway smart meter. User data in a given cluster is aggregated and sent to the local substation where it is monitored by the RTU. RTUs and users have attributes and cryptographic keys distributed by several key distribution centers (KDC). RTUs send data encrypted under a set of attributes. Users can decrypt information provided they have valid attributes. The access control scheme is quite resilient because of its being distributed in nature and does not rely on a single KDC to distribute keys. The encryption algorithm is based on Diffie-Hellman key establishment protocol and hash-based message authentication code, which allows smart meters at different clusters of the smart grid to mutually authenticate prior to data/information exchange and in the process maintaining low latency as well as relatively fewer authentication associated messages. Overall the control scheme is relatively collusion resistant.
{"title":"Secured access control architecture consideration for smart grids","authors":"A. Mutsvangwa, B. Nleya, B. Nleya","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556606","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid power systems are rapidly becoming a standard for all smart grids as we gear towards cleaner alternative energy sources. However their management is quite complex due to the different power generating sources which leads to complex management due to the multitudes of data exchange involved. Despite its attractive features, Hybrid Smart Grids remain vulnerable to security threats. In this paper, we summarize some of these potential security issues by exploring data access control mechanisms that ensure privacy to customers. We hereby propose a security model based on attribute-based encryption (ABE). The entire grid network is subdivided into clusters each with its own remote terminal unit (RTU) as well as a gateway smart meter. User data in a given cluster is aggregated and sent to the local substation where it is monitored by the RTU. RTUs and users have attributes and cryptographic keys distributed by several key distribution centers (KDC). RTUs send data encrypted under a set of attributes. Users can decrypt information provided they have valid attributes. The access control scheme is quite resilient because of its being distributed in nature and does not rely on a single KDC to distribute keys. The encryption algorithm is based on Diffie-Hellman key establishment protocol and hash-based message authentication code, which allows smart meters at different clusters of the smart grid to mutually authenticate prior to data/information exchange and in the process maintaining low latency as well as relatively fewer authentication associated messages. Overall the control scheme is relatively collusion resistant.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114460654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556603
A. Etxegarai, P. Eguía, E. Torres, G. Buigues, A. Iturregi
The present paper presents an analytical model for the evaluation of short-term frequency response in isolated power grids with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. The analysis includes synthetic inertia and primary frequency control schemes proposed in the literature for wind power plants. Thus, frequency response in future insular scenarios can be estimated. The analytical model is verified with a real-case study: Terceira island in the Açores, a small size European island with high potential in renewable energy sources.
{"title":"Evaluation of short-term frequency control in isolated power grids with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources","authors":"A. Etxegarai, P. Eguía, E. Torres, G. Buigues, A. Iturregi","doi":"10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/POWERAFRICA.2016.7556603","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper presents an analytical model for the evaluation of short-term frequency response in isolated power grids with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. The analysis includes synthetic inertia and primary frequency control schemes proposed in the literature for wind power plants. Thus, frequency response in future insular scenarios can be estimated. The analytical model is verified with a real-case study: Terceira island in the Açores, a small size European island with high potential in renewable energy sources.","PeriodicalId":177444,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130056958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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