Abigail K. Jenkins, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller, Brian T. Kremer
A total of 28 mixed parity sows (Line 241 DNA) and their offspring were used in a farrow-to-finish study to evaluate the effect of live yeast supplementation during lactation with or without yeast extract supplementation during the nursery period on sow and litter performance and lifetime growth performance, serum antibody titers, and carcass characteristics. Sows were blocked by parity and BW on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments which consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet with or without yeast-based probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Following weaning, a total of 350 pigs (241 × 600 DNA; initially 13.5 ± 0.05 lb) were randomly assigned within sow treatment to 1 of 2 nursery diets which consisted of a control diet or a diet that contained yeast prebiotics (0.10% MS309; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) for 42 d after weaning (d 59 of age). After this time, two nursery pens of the same treatment were combined into one finishing pen and pigs were fed common diets until market. There were no significant effects of live yeast supplementation on lactation performance (P > 0.079). A sow × nursery diet interaction (P = 0.024) was observed during the nursery period where pigs from sows fed Actisaf had improved ADG when fed the control nursery diet compared to pigs from control sows that were fed the control nursery diet. Pigs fed MS309 in the nursery from either sow treatment were intermediate. Pigs from Actisaf sows tended to be heavier at marketing (P = 0.067) with heavier HCW (P = 0.101) but there were no differences in overall finishing growth performance with the inclusion of live yeast in lactation diets or yeast prebiotics in nursery diets (P > 0.100). Subsets of pigs were bled on d 22, 38, 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibody sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios and on d 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine the percent inhibition of Lawsonia intracellularis. An S/P ratio is representative of antibodies present in the blood for that specific pathogen. There was a tendency for a sow diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.097) where offspring from sows fed live yeast had higher PCV2 S/P ratios at 101 d of age compared to offspring from control sows (P = 0.046). There was a nursery diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.036) where pigs fed MS309 during the nursery period had reduced PCV2 S/P ratios at 66, 78, and 162 d of age (P < 0.022). In conclusion, feeding a yeast prebiotic in the nursery did not affect performance or immune parameters. Conversely, feeding a live yeast probiotic during lactation resulted in a tendency to improve ADG during the nursery period, final BW, and numerically improve HCW.
{"title":"The Effect of Live Yeast Probiotics in Lactation Diets with and without a Yeast Prebiotic in Nursery Diets on Lifetime Growth Performance, Antibody Titers, and Carcass Characteristics","authors":"Abigail K. Jenkins, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller, Brian T. Kremer","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8502","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 28 mixed parity sows (Line 241 DNA) and their offspring were used in a farrow-to-finish study to evaluate the effect of live yeast supplementation during lactation with or without yeast extract supplementation during the nursery period on sow and litter performance and lifetime growth performance, serum antibody titers, and carcass characteristics. Sows were blocked by parity and BW on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments which consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet with or without yeast-based probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Following weaning, a total of 350 pigs (241 × 600 DNA; initially 13.5 ± 0.05 lb) were randomly assigned within sow treatment to 1 of 2 nursery diets which consisted of a control diet or a diet that contained yeast prebiotics (0.10% MS309; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) for 42 d after weaning (d 59 of age). After this time, two nursery pens of the same treatment were combined into one finishing pen and pigs were fed common diets until market. There were no significant effects of live yeast supplementation on lactation performance (P > 0.079). A sow × nursery diet interaction (P = 0.024) was observed during the nursery period where pigs from sows fed Actisaf had improved ADG when fed the control nursery diet compared to pigs from control sows that were fed the control nursery diet. Pigs fed MS309 in the nursery from either sow treatment were intermediate. Pigs from Actisaf sows tended to be heavier at marketing (P = 0.067) with heavier HCW (P = 0.101) but there were no differences in overall finishing growth performance with the inclusion of live yeast in lactation diets or yeast prebiotics in nursery diets (P > 0.100). Subsets of pigs were bled on d 22, 38, 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antibody sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios and on d 50, 66, 78, 101, and 162 of age to determine the percent inhibition of Lawsonia intracellularis. An S/P ratio is representative of antibodies present in the blood for that specific pathogen. There was a tendency for a sow diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.097) where offspring from sows fed live yeast had higher PCV2 S/P ratios at 101 d of age compared to offspring from control sows (P = 0.046). There was a nursery diet × day interaction for the PCV2 S/P ratio (P = 0.036) where pigs fed MS309 during the nursery period had reduced PCV2 S/P ratios at 66, 78, and 162 d of age (P < 0.022). In conclusion, feeding a yeast prebiotic in the nursery did not affect performance or immune parameters. Conversely, feeding a live yeast probiotic during lactation resulted in a tendency to improve ADG during the nursery period, final BW, and numerically improve HCW.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larissa L. Becker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt
A total of 2,268 pigs (L337 × 1050 PIC; initially 12.1 ± 0.39 lb) were used in a 42-d growth study to evaluate the effects of herbal active D on growth performance, bone characteristics, and serum parameters of nursery pigs. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A total of 84 pens were used with 27 pigs per pen and 28 replications per treatment across 2 rooms. Pens were blocked by BW and weaning date. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in 3 phases. Treatment diets consisted of a control (contained 1,650 IU/kg of vitamin D3), or control with the addition of 120 or 200 mg/kg of herbal active D (Phytobiotics, St. Louis, MO). At the end of the study, 10 pigs per treatment were euthanized and the right fibula, metacarpal, 2nd rib, and 10th rib were collected to determine bone density, bone breaking strength, and percentage bone ash by utilizing the de-fatted processing method. Overall (d 0 to 42), there was a marginally significant (P = 0.067) worsening of feed efficiency as inclusion of herbal active D increased but no effect (P > 0.10) on final BW, overall ADG, ADFI, or mortality. There was a bone × treatment interaction for bone density, where increasing herbal active D increased bone density for the 2nd rib (P = 0.012), but there was no difference between treatments for other bones (P > 0.10). For bone breaking strength and bone ash, there was no evidence (P > 0.10) of an interaction. For bone breaking strength, the metacarpal had greater breaking strength (P < 0.001) compared to all other bones, followed by the fibula and 10th rib, with the 2nd rib having the lowest bone breaking strength. For percentage bone ash, there was significant linear increase (P = 0.026) across all bones as herbal active D increased. For bone ash weight, the metacarpals and 10th ribs had the highest bone ash weight followed by the fibula, with 2nd rib having the lowest (P < 0.05) bone ash weight. Additionally, there was no difference (P > 0.10) across treatments for porcine circovirus type 2 S/P ratio, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, 25(OH)D3 status or circulating cytokine concentrations except for IL-8 concentrations which increased linearly (P = 0.027) as herbal active D increased. However, a day effect was observed (P < 0.001) with higher values for antibodies and cytokine concentrations on d 21 compared to d 42, except for IL-1ra and IL-8 having no significant (P > 0.10) day effect. In summary, herbal active D inclusion had minimal impact on growth or serum parameters; however, herbal active D increased percentage bone ash.
{"title":"Influence of Herbal Active D on Nursery Pig Growth Performance","authors":"Larissa L. Becker, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8514","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 2,268 pigs (L337 × 1050 PIC; initially 12.1 ± 0.39 lb) were used in a 42-d growth study to evaluate the effects of herbal active D on growth performance, bone characteristics, and serum parameters of nursery pigs. Pigs were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. A total of 84 pens were used with 27 pigs per pen and 28 replications per treatment across 2 rooms. Pens were blocked by BW and weaning date. Dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in 3 phases. Treatment diets consisted of a control (contained 1,650 IU/kg of vitamin D3), or control with the addition of 120 or 200 mg/kg of herbal active D (Phytobiotics, St. Louis, MO). At the end of the study, 10 pigs per treatment were euthanized and the right fibula, metacarpal, 2nd rib, and 10th rib were collected to determine bone density, bone breaking strength, and percentage bone ash by utilizing the de-fatted processing method. Overall (d 0 to 42), there was a marginally significant (P = 0.067) worsening of feed efficiency as inclusion of herbal active D increased but no effect (P > 0.10) on final BW, overall ADG, ADFI, or mortality. There was a bone × treatment interaction for bone density, where increasing herbal active D increased bone density for the 2nd rib (P = 0.012), but there was no difference between treatments for other bones (P > 0.10). For bone breaking strength and bone ash, there was no evidence (P > 0.10) of an interaction. For bone breaking strength, the metacarpal had greater breaking strength (P < 0.001) compared to all other bones, followed by the fibula and 10th rib, with the 2nd rib having the lowest bone breaking strength. For percentage bone ash, there was significant linear increase (P = 0.026) across all bones as herbal active D increased. For bone ash weight, the metacarpals and 10th ribs had the highest bone ash weight followed by the fibula, with 2nd rib having the lowest (P < 0.05) bone ash weight. Additionally, there was no difference (P > 0.10) across treatments for porcine circovirus type 2 S/P ratio, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, 25(OH)D3 status or circulating cytokine concentrations except for IL-8 concentrations which increased linearly (P = 0.027) as herbal active D increased. However, a day effect was observed (P < 0.001) with higher values for antibodies and cytokine concentrations on d 21 compared to d 42, except for IL-1ra and IL-8 having no significant (P > 0.10) day effect. In summary, herbal active D inclusion had minimal impact on growth or serum parameters; however, herbal active D increased percentage bone ash.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafe Q. Royall, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Carine M. Vier, Matthew Spindler, Uislei Orlando, Luis Zaragoza, Ning Lu, Wayne Cast, Danielle F. Wilson-Wells, Julia P. Holen, Alyssa M. Betlach
The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of varying SID Thr:Lys ratios on growth performance, removals, and mortality rates of late-nursery, grower, and finishing PIC 337 × 1050 pigs. In each experiment, pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 19 to 27 pigs per pen and 8, 7, and 7 replications per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Exp. 1, 987 pigs (initially 26.0 ± 0.70 lb) were used from 26 to 54 lb. In Exp. 2, 875 pigs (initially 95.5 ± 1.17 lb) were used from 95 to 155 lb. In Exp. 3, 824 pigs (initially 224.4 ± 1.85 lb) were used from 224 to 297 lb. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SID Thr:Lys ratios at 53, 58, 62, 65, and 68% in Exp. 1 and 2, and 56.5, 60, 64, 68, and 72.5% in Exp. 3. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based. Diets with the lowest and highest Thr:Lys ratios were blended to achieve the target SID Thr:Lys treatments in each experiment. Between experiments, all pens of pigs were placed on a common diet for 23 (Exp. 1 and 2) and 32 d (Exp. 2 and 3) to provide opportunity for compensatory growth prior to initiation of the next experiment. In Exp. 1 (26 to 54 lb), ADG and final BW increased linearly (P ≤ 0.006) while ADFI, Thr intake/d, and Thr intake/kg of gain increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001). Overall, F/G improved (quadratic, P ≤ 0.001) as Thr:Lys ratio increased. Additionally, Lys intake/d increased (quadratic, P < 0.001) while Lys intake/ kg of gain decreased (quadratic, P< 0.001) with increasing Thr:Lys ratio. The quadratic polynomial (QP) model predicted greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys was required for ADG from 26 to 54 lb, while a QP model suggested that minimum F/G was achieved at 62.1% SID Thr:Lys. In Exp. 2 (95 to 155 lb), ADG, final BW, Thr intake/d, and Thr intake/kg of gain increased (linear, P ≤ 0.05) and F/G improved (linear, P = 0.030) as dietary Thr:Lys increased. Moreover, Lys intake/kg of gain decreased (linear, P = 0.023) with increasing Thr:Lys ratio. For model analysis, QP models suggested optimum ADG and F/G were achieved at levels greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys. However, similar fitting broken-line quadratic (BLQ) and broken-line linear (BLL) models predicted no further improvement to F/G and ADG beyond 61 and 67% SID Thr:Lys, respectively. In Exp. 3 (224 to 297 lb), increasing SID Thr:Lys increased (linear, P ≤ 0.001) Thr intake/d and Thr intake/kg of gain. In addition, increasing SID Thr:Lys ratios tended (P ≤ 0.086) to quadratically increase (P≤ 0.086) ADFI and BW of pigs at the second marketing event. However, no other response criteria were impacted (P ≥ 0.10) by dietary Thr:Lys. Due to a lack of ADG and F/G responses, prediction models were not developed. In summary, these results suggest the optimal SID Thr:Lys level for 26- to 54-lb pigs is 62.1% for feed efficiency and greater than 68% for ADG. From 95 to 155 lb, the requirement was predicted at or abo
{"title":"Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Threonine to Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance of PIC Line 337 × 1050 Pigs","authors":"Rafe Q. Royall, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Carine M. Vier, Matthew Spindler, Uislei Orlando, Luis Zaragoza, Ning Lu, Wayne Cast, Danielle F. Wilson-Wells, Julia P. Holen, Alyssa M. Betlach","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8524","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of varying SID Thr:Lys ratios on growth performance, removals, and mortality rates of late-nursery, grower, and finishing PIC 337 × 1050 pigs. In each experiment, pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 19 to 27 pigs per pen and 8, 7, and 7 replications per treatment in Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Exp. 1, 987 pigs (initially 26.0 ± 0.70 lb) were used from 26 to 54 lb. In Exp. 2, 875 pigs (initially 95.5 ± 1.17 lb) were used from 95 to 155 lb. In Exp. 3, 824 pigs (initially 224.4 ± 1.85 lb) were used from 224 to 297 lb. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SID Thr:Lys ratios at 53, 58, 62, 65, and 68% in Exp. 1 and 2, and 56.5, 60, 64, 68, and 72.5% in Exp. 3. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based. Diets with the lowest and highest Thr:Lys ratios were blended to achieve the target SID Thr:Lys treatments in each experiment. Between experiments, all pens of pigs were placed on a common diet for 23 (Exp. 1 and 2) and 32 d (Exp. 2 and 3) to provide opportunity for compensatory growth prior to initiation of the next experiment. In Exp. 1 (26 to 54 lb), ADG and final BW increased linearly (P ≤ 0.006) while ADFI, Thr intake/d, and Thr intake/kg of gain increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001). Overall, F/G improved (quadratic, P ≤ 0.001) as Thr:Lys ratio increased. Additionally, Lys intake/d increased (quadratic, P < 0.001) while Lys intake/ kg of gain decreased (quadratic, P< 0.001) with increasing Thr:Lys ratio. The quadratic polynomial (QP) model predicted greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys was required for ADG from 26 to 54 lb, while a QP model suggested that minimum F/G was achieved at 62.1% SID Thr:Lys. In Exp. 2 (95 to 155 lb), ADG, final BW, Thr intake/d, and Thr intake/kg of gain increased (linear, P ≤ 0.05) and F/G improved (linear, P = 0.030) as dietary Thr:Lys increased. Moreover, Lys intake/kg of gain decreased (linear, P = 0.023) with increasing Thr:Lys ratio. For model analysis, QP models suggested optimum ADG and F/G were achieved at levels greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys. However, similar fitting broken-line quadratic (BLQ) and broken-line linear (BLL) models predicted no further improvement to F/G and ADG beyond 61 and 67% SID Thr:Lys, respectively. In Exp. 3 (224 to 297 lb), increasing SID Thr:Lys increased (linear, P ≤ 0.001) Thr intake/d and Thr intake/kg of gain. In addition, increasing SID Thr:Lys ratios tended (P ≤ 0.086) to quadratically increase (P≤ 0.086) ADFI and BW of pigs at the second marketing event. However, no other response criteria were impacted (P ≥ 0.10) by dietary Thr:Lys. Due to a lack of ADG and F/G responses, prediction models were not developed. In summary, these results suggest the optimal SID Thr:Lys level for 26- to 54-lb pigs is 62.1% for feed efficiency and greater than 68% for ADG. From 95 to 155 lb, the requirement was predicted at or abo","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macie E. Reeb, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt
A total of 1,080 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 58.4 ± 1.26 lb) were used in this 121-d experiment to determine the effects of added soybean meal (SBM) versus using an amino acid (AA) adjustment in diets with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 27 pigs per pen and 10 replications per treatment. Treatments diets consisted of: 1) a control diet containing high SBM with no DDGS; 2) DDGS-based diet with a medium level of SBM; 3) DDGS-based diet with low SBM + Val, Ile, and Trp to equal levels as in diet 2; and 4) Treatment 3 but without the Val, Ile, and Trp adjustment (still meeting requirement estimates for all AA). Overall, from d 0 to 83, pigs fed the DDGS-based diets had decreased ADG (P = 0.014) compared to pigs fed the control diet. There was an improvement (P < 0.05) in feed efficiency for pigs fed the high SBM diet without DDGS as compared to pigs fed diets including DDGS and low levels of SBM with no AA adjustment, with the other two treatments intermediate. There was a tendency (P = 0.074) for a treatment difference in HCW between treatments. Pigs fed the high SBM diet without DDGS had increased HCW (P = 0.018) compared to pigs fed the three diets containing DDGS. There were no differences between treatments for percentage lean, loin depth, or backfat (P > 0.10). In conclusion, pigs fed diets containing no DDGS and higher levels of SBM had improved growth performance and HCW compared with pigs fed DDGS-based diets. When feeding diets containing DDGS, pigs fed without the AA adjustment had poorer overall feed efficiency (P < 0.05) than those fed the control diet with pigs fed the other two diets intermediate, showing the importance of the AA adjustment in maintaining performance.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effects of Soybean Meal Levels and Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Adjustment in Diets with or without Dried Distillers Grain Solubles on Finishing Pig Performance and Carcass Characteristics","authors":"Macie E. Reeb, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8526","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 1,080 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 58.4 ± 1.26 lb) were used in this 121-d experiment to determine the effects of added soybean meal (SBM) versus using an amino acid (AA) adjustment in diets with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 27 pigs per pen and 10 replications per treatment. Treatments diets consisted of: 1) a control diet containing high SBM with no DDGS; 2) DDGS-based diet with a medium level of SBM; 3) DDGS-based diet with low SBM + Val, Ile, and Trp to equal levels as in diet 2; and 4) Treatment 3 but without the Val, Ile, and Trp adjustment (still meeting requirement estimates for all AA). Overall, from d 0 to 83, pigs fed the DDGS-based diets had decreased ADG (P = 0.014) compared to pigs fed the control diet. There was an improvement (P < 0.05) in feed efficiency for pigs fed the high SBM diet without DDGS as compared to pigs fed diets including DDGS and low levels of SBM with no AA adjustment, with the other two treatments intermediate. There was a tendency (P = 0.074) for a treatment difference in HCW between treatments. Pigs fed the high SBM diet without DDGS had increased HCW (P = 0.018) compared to pigs fed the three diets containing DDGS. There were no differences between treatments for percentage lean, loin depth, or backfat (P > 0.10). In conclusion, pigs fed diets containing no DDGS and higher levels of SBM had improved growth performance and HCW compared with pigs fed DDGS-based diets. When feeding diets containing DDGS, pigs fed without the AA adjustment had poorer overall feed efficiency (P < 0.05) than those fed the control diet with pigs fed the other two diets intermediate, showing the importance of the AA adjustment in maintaining performance.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Native meadows are widely used by producers in southeast Kansas. However, there are few studies about management practices to improve agronomic performance in southeast Kansas. This study evaluated the spring burn effect combined with the application of lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and forage quality in native meadows. Yield and forage quality on native meadows were not affected by lime application, or P and K fertilization in the first year of the study. However, N fertilization increased yield, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients when associated with spring burn.
{"title":"Yield and Forage Quality on Native Meadows as Affected by Burn and Fertilization Management","authors":"J. Yasuoka, D. Helwig, W. Fick, B. Pedreira","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8448","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Native meadows are widely used by producers in southeast Kansas. However, there are few studies about management practices to improve agronomic performance in southeast Kansas. This study evaluated the spring burn effect combined with the application of lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and forage quality in native meadows. Yield and forage quality on native meadows were not affected by lime application, or P and K fertilization in the first year of the study. However, N fertilization increased yield, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients when associated with spring burn.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76886298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sassenrath, C. Little, Xiaomao Lin, Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes
Summary Soil-borne diseases are a significant cause of reduction in crop yield. Alternative management of soils can enhance the natural disease-controlling organisms in the soil. This study explores the impact of alternative production methods on a primary soybean disease, charcoal rot, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina . Treatments that could potentially enhance or control the disease were implemented, and soil tests were conducted for nutrient and disease presence. Manure increased the nutrient levels in the soil, as expected, but did not impact the disease control. Solarization increased the temperature within the plots, and increased the number of colony forming units of M. phaseolina . Environmental conditions during the 2022 growing season were much hotter and drier than normal, leading to reduced soybean yields.
{"title":"Control of Soil-Borne Disease of Soybean","authors":"G. Sassenrath, C. Little, Xiaomao Lin, Sylvia Raquel Gomes Moraes","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8445","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Soil-borne diseases are a significant cause of reduction in crop yield. Alternative management of soils can enhance the natural disease-controlling organisms in the soil. This study explores the impact of alternative production methods on a primary soybean disease, charcoal rot, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina . Treatments that could potentially enhance or control the disease were implemented, and soil tests were conducted for nutrient and disease presence. Manure increased the nutrient levels in the soil, as expected, but did not impact the disease control. Solarization increased the temperature within the plots, and increased the number of colony forming units of M. phaseolina . Environmental conditions during the 2022 growing season were much hotter and drier than normal, leading to reduced soybean yields.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"15 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78300247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Winter annual weeds become a major problem during winter dormancy in warm-season turfgrass stands. In the transition zone, a winter glyphosate application is a common practice to reduce winter annual weed competition in zoysiagrass before emerging from dormancy in the spring. Research was conducted on the effects of glyphosate application timings on spring greenup and quality of experimental zoysiagrass genotypes compared to commercially available cultivars. Preliminary data from this study revealed a quicker spring greenup when glyphosate was applied in November compared to March. However, March-applied glyphosate significantly reduced cool-season weeds in experimental plots and enhanced quality compared to the nontreated control.
{"title":"Effects of Glyphosate Applied at Different Times on Dormant Zoysiagrass Cultivars in the Transition Zone","authors":"D. Mcfadden, J. Fry","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8483","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Winter annual weeds become a major problem during winter dormancy in warm-season turfgrass stands. In the transition zone, a winter glyphosate application is a common practice to reduce winter annual weed competition in zoysiagrass before emerging from dormancy in the spring. Research was conducted on the effects of glyphosate application timings on spring greenup and quality of experimental zoysiagrass genotypes compared to commercially available cultivars. Preliminary data from this study revealed a quicker spring greenup when glyphosate was applied in November compared to March. However, March-applied glyphosate significantly reduced cool-season weeds in experimental plots and enhanced quality compared to the nontreated control.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74455866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Bott, A. Dille, A. Mohammad, L. Simão, L. Pradella, R. Lollato
This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2023 the Author(s).
{"title":"Allelopathic Potential of Winter Wheat Varieties for Weed Suppression","authors":"C. Bott, A. Dille, A. Mohammad, L. Simão, L. Pradella, R. Lollato","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8477","url":null,"abstract":"This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2023 the Author(s).","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82654993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. N. Santiago, A. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, I. Ciampitti
Summary An estimation of on-farm yield before harvest is important to help farmers make decisions about additional input use, time to harvest, and options for end uses of the harvestable product. However, obtaining a rapid assessment of on-farm yield can be challenging, especially for a sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) crop due to the complexity of counting the total number of grains in a panicle at field-scale. One alternative to reduce labor is to develop a rapid assessment method employing computer vision algorithms. Computer vision has already been utilized to account for the number of grains within a panicle, yet it has only been tested under controlled conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of grains in a sorghum panicle using imagery data captured from a smartphone device at field-scale. During the pre-harvest season, sorghum panicles of several commercial hybrids were photographed in the field. Later, the plants corresponding to those panicles were harvested to determine the final number of grains, to develop a benchmarking dataset. Using Python language and the OpenCV library, each image was filtered, blurred, and contours were applied to estimate the number of grains in each sorghum panicle. The absolute mean difference obtained using the algorithm output for the observed and the estimated number of grains was 570 (root mean square percentage error = 53%).
{"title":"Algorithm to Estimate Sorghum Grain Number from Panicles Using Images Collected with a Smartphone at Field-Scale","authors":"G. N. Santiago, A. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, I. Ciampitti","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8465","url":null,"abstract":"Summary An estimation of on-farm yield before harvest is important to help farmers make decisions about additional input use, time to harvest, and options for end uses of the harvestable product. However, obtaining a rapid assessment of on-farm yield can be challenging, especially for a sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) crop due to the complexity of counting the total number of grains in a panicle at field-scale. One alternative to reduce labor is to develop a rapid assessment method employing computer vision algorithms. Computer vision has already been utilized to account for the number of grains within a panicle, yet it has only been tested under controlled conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of grains in a sorghum panicle using imagery data captured from a smartphone device at field-scale. During the pre-harvest season, sorghum panicles of several commercial hybrids were photographed in the field. Later, the plants corresponding to those panicles were harvested to determine the final number of grains, to develop a benchmarking dataset. Using Python language and the OpenCV library, each image was filtered, blurred, and contours were applied to estimate the number of grains in each sorghum panicle. The absolute mean difference obtained using the algorithm output for the observed and the estimated number of grains was 570 (root mean square percentage error = 53%).","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Cat, Y. LEMEN’SDA, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, S. Davis, M. D. K.M. Harr, Chao J.L, M. Vipham, Zumbaugh T.G, O’Quinn
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{"title":"Consumer Sensory Evaluation of the Impact of Bone-In Versus Boneless Cuts on Beef Palatability","authors":"T. Cat, Y. LEMEN’SDA, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, S. Davis, M. D. K.M. Harr, Chao J.L, M. Vipham, Zumbaugh T.G, O’Quinn","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8427","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79833187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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