Z. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, J. Lemmon, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. Blasi, K. Olson
{"title":"Effects of Prescribed-Fire Timing on Stocker Cattle Performance, Forage Biomass Accumulation, and Native Plant Species Composition","authors":"Z. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, J. Lemmon, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. Blasi, K. Olson","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74854309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. Lybarger, J. Vipham, M. Zumbaugh, M. Chao, T. O’Quinn
{"title":"Consumer Sensory Evaluation of Ground Beef and Plant-Based Ground Beef Alternatives Used in a Hamburger Application","authors":"L. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. Lybarger, J. Vipham, M. Zumbaugh, M. Chao, T. O’Quinn","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73635410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lybarger, J. Kwon, G. Ibendahl, Y. Teng-Vaughan, D. Kehler, T. O’Quinn
{"title":"Assessment of Kansas Beef Producers’ Perception and Knowledge Level of Business-to-Consumer Marketing","authors":"K. Lybarger, J. Kwon, G. Ibendahl, Y. Teng-Vaughan, D. Kehler, T. O’Quinn","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"72 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83363358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ty H. Kim, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Jordan T. Gebhardt
A total of 2,265 finishing pigs (337 × 1050 PIC; initially 110.7 ± 6.14 lb) were used in two 28-d trials to determine the effect of increasing energy or lysine in soybean meal-based diets on early and late finishing pig performance. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 27 pigs per pen and 21 pens per treatment. Soybean meal (SBM) NE values used in diet formulation were either 946 kcal/lb (78% NE of corn; NRC)3 or 1,212 kcal/lb (100% NE of corn). The treatments were structured as a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of: 1) a diet containing a high level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn (High SBM); 2) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn with added feed-grade amino acids (Low SBM); 3) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 78% NE of corn with added fat (Low SBM w/fat) to equal the NE in diets 1 and 2; and 4) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA). Following the 28-d growth trial in the early finishing phase, pigs were fed a common diet for approximately 30 d. Pens were then randomly allotted to 1 of the same 4 treatments for the late finishing phase (initially 251.5 ± 7.40 lb BW). For both experiments, pigs were weighed and feed disappearance was measured every 14 d to determine ADG, ADFI, F/G, and caloric efficiency (CE). In the early finishing study, there were no differences in ADG (P > 0.10), but pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA) had increased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared to pigs fed a high level of SBM (High SBM). The increased ADFI without increased ADG resulted in poorer F/G (P < 0.05) in pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA) compared to pigs fed a low level of SBM with added fat (Low SBM w/fat). For CE, pigs fed a low level of SBM with added fat (Low SBM w/fat) had improved (P < 0.05) CE compared to pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA). In the late finishing study, there was a tendency (P = 0.092) for a treatment effect on F/G where pigs fed the High SBM diet had the best F/G, but there was not a significant difference between any two treatments when using a Tukey multiple comparison adjustment (P > 0.05). There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for a difference in ADG, ADFI, or CE. Based on the performance of pigs fed the low level of SBM with increased AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA), the lost performance of low SBM diets is not due to a lower Lys:Cal ratio that results when NE is underestimated. Using caloric efficiency, SBM is estimated to contain 94% of the NE of corn based on results of the early finishing study and 125% of the NE of corn based on results of the late finishing study.
{"title":"Effects of Increasing Energy or Lysine in Soybean Meal-Based Diets on Early and Late Finishing Pig Performance","authors":"Ty H. Kim, Jamil E. G. Faccin, Robert D. Goodband, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jason C. Woodworth, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8527","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 2,265 finishing pigs (337 × 1050 PIC; initially 110.7 ± 6.14 lb) were used in two 28-d trials to determine the effect of increasing energy or lysine in soybean meal-based diets on early and late finishing pig performance. Pigs were housed in mixed gender pens with 27 pigs per pen and 21 pens per treatment. Soybean meal (SBM) NE values used in diet formulation were either 946 kcal/lb (78% NE of corn; NRC)3 or 1,212 kcal/lb (100% NE of corn). The treatments were structured as a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of: 1) a diet containing a high level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn (High SBM); 2) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn with added feed-grade amino acids (Low SBM); 3) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 78% NE of corn with added fat (Low SBM w/fat) to equal the NE in diets 1 and 2; and 4) a diet containing a low level of SBM which was estimated at 100% NE of corn with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA). Following the 28-d growth trial in the early finishing phase, pigs were fed a common diet for approximately 30 d. Pens were then randomly allotted to 1 of the same 4 treatments for the late finishing phase (initially 251.5 ± 7.40 lb BW). For both experiments, pigs were weighed and feed disappearance was measured every 14 d to determine ADG, ADFI, F/G, and caloric efficiency (CE). In the early finishing study, there were no differences in ADG (P > 0.10), but pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA) had increased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared to pigs fed a high level of SBM (High SBM). The increased ADFI without increased ADG resulted in poorer F/G (P < 0.05) in pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA) compared to pigs fed a low level of SBM with added fat (Low SBM w/fat). For CE, pigs fed a low level of SBM with added fat (Low SBM w/fat) had improved (P < 0.05) CE compared to pigs fed a low level of SBM with increased feed-grade AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA). In the late finishing study, there was a tendency (P = 0.092) for a treatment effect on F/G where pigs fed the High SBM diet had the best F/G, but there was not a significant difference between any two treatments when using a Tukey multiple comparison adjustment (P > 0.05). There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for a difference in ADG, ADFI, or CE. Based on the performance of pigs fed the low level of SBM with increased AA and increased Lys:NE (Low SBM w/AA), the lost performance of low SBM diets is not due to a lower Lys:Cal ratio that results when NE is underestimated. Using caloric efficiency, SBM is estimated to contain 94% of the NE of corn based on results of the early finishing study and 125% of the NE of corn based on results of the late finishing study.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenna J. Bromm, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Josh R. Flohr, Raymond A. M. Schmitt, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Felipe Zarate
A total of 91,140 weaned pigs, (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 11.33 ± 0.62 lb) originating from PRRSV-positive sow farms, were used across 8 nursery sites to evaluate growth performance, total removal and mortality rate, and medication usage of nursery pigs fed diets containing 0 or 3% O3 Trial Feed (NBO3 Technologies LLC, Manhattan, KS), a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Each of the 8 sites contained 5 barns with 2 rooms in each barn. Rooms of pigs were blocked by nursery site and allocated by sow source to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Thus, there were 40 groups (rooms) per treatment with approximately 1,100 pigs per room. The first treatment was a standard nursery diet specific to the production system. The second treatment was the same standard nursery diet with the addition of 3% O3 Trial Feed. At placement, pigs were fed a pre-starter and then fed experimental diets across 3 phases with all diets fed in pelleted form. Overall, there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) observed in growth performance between pigs fed diets containing 0 or 3% O3 Trial Feed. Pigs fed control diets had reduced (P < 0.001) total removals and mortality percentage compared to pigs fed diets containing 3% O3 Trial Feed. When evaluating medication usage, there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) observed in the total number of injections given per 1,000 pig days. However, pigs fed diets containing 3% O3 Trial Feed had a reduced (P < 0.001) number of total injections per pig placed. In summary, the increase in alpha-linolenic acid in the diet, through the inclusion of 3% O3 Trial Feed, did not impact growth performance during the duration of this trial. There was an increase in total removals and mortality in pigs fed diets containing O3 Trial Feed. However, there was a reduction in total injections given per pig placed in pigs fed diets containing O3 Trial Feed. We hypothesize that because of the high prevalence of PRRS at entry, O3 Trial Feed may not have had sufficient time to impact the immune system before the PRRS challenge.
{"title":"Effects of Increasing Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Growth Performance and Mortality Rate in PRRS-Virus Challenged Nursery Pigs","authors":"Jenna J. Bromm, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. DeRouchey, Josh R. Flohr, Raymond A. M. Schmitt, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Felipe Zarate","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8510","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 91,140 weaned pigs, (DNA 600 × PIC 1050; initially 11.33 ± 0.62 lb) originating from PRRSV-positive sow farms, were used across 8 nursery sites to evaluate growth performance, total removal and mortality rate, and medication usage of nursery pigs fed diets containing 0 or 3% O3 Trial Feed (NBO3 Technologies LLC, Manhattan, KS), a source of omega-3 fatty acids. Each of the 8 sites contained 5 barns with 2 rooms in each barn. Rooms of pigs were blocked by nursery site and allocated by sow source to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Thus, there were 40 groups (rooms) per treatment with approximately 1,100 pigs per room. The first treatment was a standard nursery diet specific to the production system. The second treatment was the same standard nursery diet with the addition of 3% O3 Trial Feed. At placement, pigs were fed a pre-starter and then fed experimental diets across 3 phases with all diets fed in pelleted form. Overall, there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) observed in growth performance between pigs fed diets containing 0 or 3% O3 Trial Feed. Pigs fed control diets had reduced (P < 0.001) total removals and mortality percentage compared to pigs fed diets containing 3% O3 Trial Feed. When evaluating medication usage, there were no significant differences (P > 0.10) observed in the total number of injections given per 1,000 pig days. However, pigs fed diets containing 3% O3 Trial Feed had a reduced (P < 0.001) number of total injections per pig placed. In summary, the increase in alpha-linolenic acid in the diet, through the inclusion of 3% O3 Trial Feed, did not impact growth performance during the duration of this trial. There was an increase in total removals and mortality in pigs fed diets containing O3 Trial Feed. However, there was a reduction in total injections given per pig placed in pigs fed diets containing O3 Trial Feed. We hypothesize that because of the high prevalence of PRRS at entry, O3 Trial Feed may not have had sufficient time to impact the immune system before the PRRS challenge.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan B. Stas, Mke D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt
A total of 360 pigs (200 × 400 DNA; initially 12.9 lb) were used to evaluate the impact of increasing the acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) of the diet on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. There were 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed experimental diets in two phases with phase 1 being from d 0 to 10 post-weaning followed by phase 2 from d 10 to 23. Diets were formulated with increasing ABC-4 levels ranging from 150 meq/kg (diet 1, low ABC-4) to 312 meq/kg (diet 5, high ABC-4) in phase 1 and 200 meq/kg (diet 1, low ABC-4) to 343 meq/kg (diet 5, high ABC-4) in phase 2. For diet 1, the low ABC-4 diets were formulated using specialty soy protein concentrate (AX3 Digest; Protekta; Newport Beach, CA) at 12.50 and 10.00% of the diet in phase 1 and 2, respectively. The low ABC-4 diet also utilized fumaric acid and formic acid at 0.50 and 0.48% of the diet, respectively for both phase 1 and 2. For diets 2 (medium low), 3 (medium), 4 (medium high), and 5 (high), increasing ABC-4 of the diet was achieved by progressively decreasing the level of acidifiers and replacing specialty soy protein concentrate with enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300; Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH) on an SID Lys basis. Diets 1 through 5 were formulated without the inclusion of ZnO. For diet 6, a positive control diet was utilized which had the same formulation as the highest ABC-4 diet but with the addition of pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO. Following phase 2, all pigs were placed on a common diet until d 38 of the study. In the experimental period (d 0 to 23) and overall (d 0 to 38), a quadratic response was observed (P ≤ 0.030) where BW and ADG were highest for pigs fed the medium low and medium ABC-4 diets. During the experimental period (d 0 to 23), pigs fed increasing ABC-4 levels had poorer (linear, P = 0.002) F/G. For overall F/G, a quadratic response was observed (P = 0.023) where F/G was most improved for pigs fed the medium low and medium ABC-4 levels. Pigs fed diets with ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.038) ADG compared to pigs fed diets without ZnO during the experimental period and overall. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improved nursery pig performance as expected. The medium low and medium ABC-4 levels improved performance compared to higher ABC-4 levels, suggesting an optimal ABC-4 level of the diet for this study would be at or below 256 and 295 meq/kg in phase 1 and 2, respectively.
{"title":"Dietary Acid-Binding Capacity-4 Influences Nursery Pig Performance and Fecal Dry Matter","authors":"Ethan B. Stas, Mke D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8506","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 360 pigs (200 × 400 DNA; initially 12.9 lb) were used to evaluate the impact of increasing the acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) of the diet on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. There were 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed experimental diets in two phases with phase 1 being from d 0 to 10 post-weaning followed by phase 2 from d 10 to 23. Diets were formulated with increasing ABC-4 levels ranging from 150 meq/kg (diet 1, low ABC-4) to 312 meq/kg (diet 5, high ABC-4) in phase 1 and 200 meq/kg (diet 1, low ABC-4) to 343 meq/kg (diet 5, high ABC-4) in phase 2. For diet 1, the low ABC-4 diets were formulated using specialty soy protein concentrate (AX3 Digest; Protekta; Newport Beach, CA) at 12.50 and 10.00% of the diet in phase 1 and 2, respectively. The low ABC-4 diet also utilized fumaric acid and formic acid at 0.50 and 0.48% of the diet, respectively for both phase 1 and 2. For diets 2 (medium low), 3 (medium), 4 (medium high), and 5 (high), increasing ABC-4 of the diet was achieved by progressively decreasing the level of acidifiers and replacing specialty soy protein concentrate with enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300; Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH) on an SID Lys basis. Diets 1 through 5 were formulated without the inclusion of ZnO. For diet 6, a positive control diet was utilized which had the same formulation as the highest ABC-4 diet but with the addition of pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO. Following phase 2, all pigs were placed on a common diet until d 38 of the study. In the experimental period (d 0 to 23) and overall (d 0 to 38), a quadratic response was observed (P ≤ 0.030) where BW and ADG were highest for pigs fed the medium low and medium ABC-4 diets. During the experimental period (d 0 to 23), pigs fed increasing ABC-4 levels had poorer (linear, P = 0.002) F/G. For overall F/G, a quadratic response was observed (P = 0.023) where F/G was most improved for pigs fed the medium low and medium ABC-4 levels. Pigs fed diets with ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.038) ADG compared to pigs fed diets without ZnO during the experimental period and overall. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improved nursery pig performance as expected. The medium low and medium ABC-4 levels improved performance compared to higher ABC-4 levels, suggesting an optimal ABC-4 level of the diet for this study would be at or below 256 and 295 meq/kg in phase 1 and 2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt
A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 12.4 lb) were used to evaluate specialty soybean products and organic acids to alter the acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) level of the diet on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Diet 1 was formulated with 12.0% specialty soy protein concentrate (AX3 Digest; Protekta; Plainfield, IN), 1.06% citric acid, and 0.5% fumaric acid to achieve an ABC-4 of 223 meq/kg. Diets 2 and 3 were the same as diet 1 except citric and fumaric acid were reduced by 50 and 100% to achieve an ABC-4 of 280 or 338 meq/kg, respectively. Diets 4 and 5 were formulated with 50 and 100% replacement of specialty soy protein concentrate with enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300; Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH) on a SID Lys basis with 1.06% citric acid and 0.5% fumaric acid to achieve 280 and 338 meq/kg, respectively. Diet 6 was a positive control with the same formulation as diet 5 except for the addition of 2,500 ppm of Zn from ZnO to achieve a diet ABC-4 of 410 meq/kg. The dietary treatment structure facilitated the comparison of an increase in the ABC-4 level (223 to 338 meq/kg), and the method achieve the change (decreasing acidifier vs. specialty soy protein concentrate replacement diets) as well as their interactions. Pigs were fed the experimental diet for 24 d postweaning (d 0 to 24) followed by a common diet for an additional 18 d. There were no significant (P > 0.05) ABC-4 method × level interactions through the duration of the study. From d 0 to 10, pigs fed increasing ABC-4 had poorer (linear, P = 0.046) F/G. Pigs fed the decreasing acidifier diets had increased (P = 0.038) fecal percentage DM on d 17 than pigs fed the soy source replacement diets. During the experimental period (d 0 to 24), pigs fed the diet with ZnO had improved (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, ADFI, and F/G compared to pigs fed diets without ZnO. In summary, ZnO was able to improve nursery pig performance when experimental diets were fed. Increasing the ABC-4 level and the method to do so had minimal effects on nursery pig performance. However, further investigation is warranted to determine if a lower ABC-4 level would provide more benefit.
{"title":"Evaluation of Specialty Soybean Products and Organic Acids to Alter Nursery Dietary Acid-Binding Capacity-4 on Pig Performance and Fecal Dry Matter","authors":"Ethan B. Stas, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jordan T. Gebhardt","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8505","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 12.4 lb) were used to evaluate specialty soybean products and organic acids to alter the acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) level of the diet on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments. Diet 1 was formulated with 12.0% specialty soy protein concentrate (AX3 Digest; Protekta; Plainfield, IN), 1.06% citric acid, and 0.5% fumaric acid to achieve an ABC-4 of 223 meq/kg. Diets 2 and 3 were the same as diet 1 except citric and fumaric acid were reduced by 50 and 100% to achieve an ABC-4 of 280 or 338 meq/kg, respectively. Diets 4 and 5 were formulated with 50 and 100% replacement of specialty soy protein concentrate with enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300; Hamlet Protein; Findlay, OH) on a SID Lys basis with 1.06% citric acid and 0.5% fumaric acid to achieve 280 and 338 meq/kg, respectively. Diet 6 was a positive control with the same formulation as diet 5 except for the addition of 2,500 ppm of Zn from ZnO to achieve a diet ABC-4 of 410 meq/kg. The dietary treatment structure facilitated the comparison of an increase in the ABC-4 level (223 to 338 meq/kg), and the method achieve the change (decreasing acidifier vs. specialty soy protein concentrate replacement diets) as well as their interactions. Pigs were fed the experimental diet for 24 d postweaning (d 0 to 24) followed by a common diet for an additional 18 d. There were no significant (P > 0.05) ABC-4 method × level interactions through the duration of the study. From d 0 to 10, pigs fed increasing ABC-4 had poorer (linear, P = 0.046) F/G. Pigs fed the decreasing acidifier diets had increased (P = 0.038) fecal percentage DM on d 17 than pigs fed the soy source replacement diets. During the experimental period (d 0 to 24), pigs fed the diet with ZnO had improved (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, ADFI, and F/G compared to pigs fed diets without ZnO. In summary, ZnO was able to improve nursery pig performance when experimental diets were fed. Increasing the ABC-4 level and the method to do so had minimal effects on nursery pig performance. However, further investigation is warranted to determine if a lower ABC-4 level would provide more benefit.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135609999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigated the use of sequential applications of residual herbicides for the weed-free period in corn. The objective of the study was to compare residual herbicides as either preemergence (PRE) alone or split applications (PRE followed by postemergence). All treatments controlled Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters, Russian thistle, and green foxtail 90% or more, and kochia 95% or more. Johnsongrass control early in the season was 91% or more regardless of treatment. However, no herbicide controlled johnsongrass as much as 80% late in the year.
{"title":"Residual Herbicides as Single and Sequential Treatments for Efficacy in Corn","authors":"R. Currie, P. Geier","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8496","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the use of sequential applications of residual herbicides for the weed-free period in corn. The objective of the study was to compare residual herbicides as either preemergence (PRE) alone or split applications (PRE followed by postemergence). All treatments controlled Palmer amaranth, common lambsquarters, Russian thistle, and green foxtail 90% or more, and kochia 95% or more. Johnsongrass control early in the season was 91% or more regardless of treatment. However, no herbicide controlled johnsongrass as much as 80% late in the year.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77262708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. E. Corrette, E. S. Beyer, E. Méndez, V. Hay, T. O’Quinn, M. Chao, J. Vipham
{"title":"Establishing Spoilage Thresholds of Ground Beef in a Traditional Retail Case Scenario","authors":"G. E. Corrette, E. S. Beyer, E. Méndez, V. Hay, T. O’Quinn, M. Chao, J. Vipham","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"CE-29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84570463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary When a thatch layer accumulates on turfgrass it can be detrimental to the stand. A field experiment was initiated to investigate aerification treatments and their influence on thatch (organic matter level), quality, and color of ‘Innovation’ zoysia-grass that was sodded within the past year. Turfgrass that was intensely aerified had less organic matter content in the surface inch of the profile compared to turfgrass that was not aerified. Color was also enhanced in treatments receiving aerification compared to non-aerified turf, which may have been attributed to the trending higher nitrate content in aerified plots. Moderately aerified turf significantly increased rooting from 0 to 9 cm below the soil profile compared to non-aerified turf.
{"title":"Aerification Effects on ‘Innovation’ Zoysiagrass in 2020–2022","authors":"D. Mcfadden, J. Fry","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8482","url":null,"abstract":"Summary When a thatch layer accumulates on turfgrass it can be detrimental to the stand. A field experiment was initiated to investigate aerification treatments and their influence on thatch (organic matter level), quality, and color of ‘Innovation’ zoysia-grass that was sodded within the past year. Turfgrass that was intensely aerified had less organic matter content in the surface inch of the profile compared to turfgrass that was not aerified. Color was also enhanced in treatments receiving aerification compared to non-aerified turf, which may have been attributed to the trending higher nitrate content in aerified plots. Moderately aerified turf significantly increased rooting from 0 to 9 cm below the soil profile compared to non-aerified turf.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86515857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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