Neneng Windayani, Y. Rukayadi, Y. M. Syah, T. Cahyanto
In this study, two lignan compounds were isolated from acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. nirtetralin B (1) and phyllanthin (2) using several chromatographic methods followed by molecular structure elucidation mainly based on 1D and 2D of 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial properties against the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, using the agar plate well diffusion method. The microdilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicide concentration (MFC). In addition, the microconidia germination inhibition test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. As a result, compound 1 had MIC and MFC values of 4 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. While compound 2 showed the same MIC and MFC values of 16 μg/mL. Further testing on the inhibition of germination of F. oxysporum microconidia showed that compound 2 inhibited microconidia germination 100% at a concentration of 2 × MIC. In comparison, compound 1 at the same concentration was only able to inhibit germination by 29%. This study revealed that compound 2 is a potential new fungicide derived from local medicinal plants. However, further research is needed to identify the interaction mechanism between the test compound and the fungal pathogen F. oxysporum to develop new antifungal agents.
{"title":"Lignans from Phyllanthus niruri L. and Their Antifusarium Properties","authors":"Neneng Windayani, Y. Rukayadi, Y. M. Syah, T. Cahyanto","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i2.25057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i2.25057","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two lignan compounds were isolated from acetone extract of Phyllanthus niruri L. nirtetralin B (1) and phyllanthin (2) using several chromatographic methods followed by molecular structure elucidation mainly based on 1D and 2D of 1H and 13C NMR spectrum. The isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial properties against the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, using the agar plate well diffusion method. The microdilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicide concentration (MFC). In addition, the microconidia germination inhibition test was carried out using the agar diffusion method. As a result, compound 1 had MIC and MFC values of 4 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. While compound 2 showed the same MIC and MFC values of 16 μg/mL. Further testing on the inhibition of germination of F. oxysporum microconidia showed that compound 2 inhibited microconidia germination 100% at a concentration of 2 × MIC. In comparison, compound 1 at the same concentration was only able to inhibit germination by 29%. This study revealed that compound 2 is a potential new fungicide derived from local medicinal plants. However, further research is needed to identify the interaction mechanism between the test compound and the fungal pathogen F. oxysporum to develop new antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48937535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asnaili Alfi Nurillah, Ani Mulyasuryani, Hermin Sulistyarti
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the percentage of the addition of conductivity material in phosphorylation starch to modify GCE (glassy carbon electrode) for detection of Cr(VI). In this study, the technique used is DPV (Differential Pulse Voltammetry). The conductivity material used in this study is activated carbon and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The method used is an optimization of conductivity material in phosphorylation starch and determination of the performance of the obtained sensor. The optimum percentage of conductivity materials, both activated carbon and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in the phosphorylation starch matrix is 5%. The form of amorphous activated carbon and the structure trigonal of Fe3O4 nanoparticles affects the current of Cr(VI). The addition of conductive material increases the current of Cr(VI) and shifts the peak potential to the left. The performance of PSC1 sensor is a detection limit of 5,09 ppm and sensitivity of 0,2098 ppm/µA in the linear concentration range of 2,6 – 15,6 ppm. However, the performance of PSN1 sensor is the detection limit of 3,48 ppm and sensitivity of 0,2120 ppm/µA in the linear concentration range of 2,6 – 18,2 ppm.
{"title":"Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrodes on Starch-Based for Detection of Chromium Hexavalent","authors":"Asnaili Alfi Nurillah, Ani Mulyasuryani, Hermin Sulistyarti","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i2.24891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i2.24891","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the percentage of the addition of conductivity material in phosphorylation starch to modify GCE (glassy carbon electrode) for detection of Cr(VI). In this study, the technique used is DPV (Differential Pulse Voltammetry). The conductivity material used in this study is activated carbon and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The method used is an optimization of conductivity material in phosphorylation starch and determination of the performance of the obtained sensor. The optimum percentage of conductivity materials, both activated carbon and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in the phosphorylation starch matrix is 5%. The form of amorphous activated carbon and the structure trigonal of Fe3O4 nanoparticles affects the current of Cr(VI). The addition of conductive material increases the current of Cr(VI) and shifts the peak potential to the left. The performance of PSC1 sensor is a detection limit of 5,09 ppm and sensitivity of 0,2098 ppm/µA in the linear concentration range of 2,6 – 15,6 ppm. However, the performance of PSN1 sensor is the detection limit of 3,48 ppm and sensitivity of 0,2120 ppm/µA in the linear concentration range of 2,6 – 18,2 ppm. ","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45866658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joni Tandi, Viani Anggi, Vidya Christin, Nur Ikhwan, Niluh Puspita Dewi, M. Magfiroh, Recky Patala, T. W. Handayani
Complications of diabetes mellitus cause diabetic nephropathy. Soy-yamghurt is made from a combination of Banggai sweet potato juice and fermented soybean juice to be a functional food for diabetic nephropathy sufferers. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively the secondary metabolites contained in soy-yamghurt and to determine the effectiveness of soy-yamghurt in reducing urea and creatinine levels. This study used an experimental method with a total of 25 rats divided into 5 groups, namely normal control, negative control, soyyamghurt treatment group with a comparison of yam and soybean extract, namely F1(1:1), F2(1:2), and F3(2:1). The parameters observed were urea and creatinine levels on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The results obtained were the total levels of secondary metabolites of Alkaloid compounds F1 0.10% v/v, F2 0.01% v/v, and F3 0.01% (v/v), Flavonoid compounds F1 0.14% (v/v), F2 0.12% (v/v), F3 0.13% (v/v), Tanin compounds F1 0.27% (v/v), F2 0.26% (v/v), F3 0.14% (v/v) and saponins F1 1.15% (v/v), F2 1.22% (v/v), F3 1.25% (v/v). Administration of soy-yamghurt F2 was effective in lowering urea and creatinine levels. With an average value of 14.66 mg/dL urea and 0.40 mg/dL creatinine.
{"title":"Total compounds of Secondary Metabolites Soy-Yamghurt Formula and Nephropathy Effect in Male White Rats","authors":"Joni Tandi, Viani Anggi, Vidya Christin, Nur Ikhwan, Niluh Puspita Dewi, M. Magfiroh, Recky Patala, T. W. Handayani","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i2.22043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i2.22043","url":null,"abstract":"Complications of diabetes mellitus cause diabetic nephropathy. Soy-yamghurt is made from a combination of Banggai sweet potato juice and fermented soybean juice to be a functional food for diabetic nephropathy sufferers. This study aimed to analyze quantitatively the secondary metabolites contained in soy-yamghurt and to determine the effectiveness of soy-yamghurt in reducing urea and creatinine levels. This study used an experimental method with a total of 25 rats divided into 5 groups, namely normal control, negative control, soyyamghurt treatment group with a comparison of yam and soybean extract, namely F1(1:1), F2(1:2), and F3(2:1). The parameters observed were urea and creatinine levels on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The results obtained were the total levels of secondary metabolites of Alkaloid compounds F1 0.10% v/v, F2 0.01% v/v, and F3 0.01% (v/v), Flavonoid compounds F1 0.14% (v/v), F2 0.12% (v/v), F3 0.13% (v/v), Tanin compounds F1 0.27% (v/v), F2 0.26% (v/v), F3 0.14% (v/v) and saponins F1 1.15% (v/v), F2 1.22% (v/v), F3 1.25% (v/v). Administration of soy-yamghurt F2 was effective in lowering urea and creatinine levels. With an average value of 14.66 mg/dL urea and 0.40 mg/dL creatinine.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruchiyat Ruchiyat, Al Arofatus Naini, T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, U. Supratman
Lignans are a group of phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropane units are linked by their propyl side chains' central carbon (C8). Lignans have various biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, cancer preventive, and cytotoxic. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC is a tree with prickly branchlets belonging to the Zanthoxylum genus, commonly known as panggal buaya in Indonesia. Asian tribes have used this plant as traditional medicine. In this study, (+)-piperitol-γ,γ-dimethylallylether, a furofuran lignan, was successfully isolated. The chemical structure of compound 1 was determined based on spectroscopic data, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and by comparing with previous spectral data. In addition, compound 1 was tested for its cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in vitro and showed weak activity with the IC50 value of 261.37 µg/mL.
{"title":"Lignan (+)-Piperitol-γ,γ-Dimethylallylether from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae)","authors":"Ruchiyat Ruchiyat, Al Arofatus Naini, T. Herlina, I. Musthapa, U. Supratman","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i2.26964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i2.26964","url":null,"abstract":"Lignans are a group of phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropane units are linked by their propyl side chains' central carbon (C8). Lignans have various biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, cancer preventive, and cytotoxic. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC is a tree with prickly branchlets belonging to the Zanthoxylum genus, commonly known as panggal buaya in Indonesia. Asian tribes have used this plant as traditional medicine. In this study, (+)-piperitol-γ,γ-dimethylallylether, a furofuran lignan, was successfully isolated. The chemical structure of compound 1 was determined based on spectroscopic data, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and by comparing with previous spectral data. In addition, compound 1 was tested for its cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines in vitro and showed weak activity with the IC50 value of 261.37 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47154952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. O. Azzahra, W. Warsito, E. Iftitah, Desytrifa Rosenny Ompusunggu, Dwi Nanda Cakra Wiguna, Fadhil Akbar Sugiarto
Cinnamaldehyde is the major secondary metabolite of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) that has various benefits in medical fields. One of the cinnamaldehyde derivatives, 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HC), has been shown to have good anticancer activity. In contrast to its activity, the synthesis method of HC from pure cinnamaldehyde has not been studied before. This research studies the synthesis of HC with a semisynthetic approach from the natural ingredient cinnamaldehyde. This study was initiated by purifying cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark oil with the salting method using a saturated sodium bisulfite solution. Cinnamaldehyde is converted into HC through the synthesis design in three-reaction steps, including nitration using nitric acid-acetic acid anhydride at 0-5 °C, reduction in mild condition by reflux using NH4Cl-Fe in methanol-water solution, and diazotation-hydrolysis using NaNO2-HCl at 5 °C. Optimization of the synthesis was evaluated to get the best method according to yield and characterized using TLC, UV-Vis, FTIR, and GC-MS/LC-MS. The isolated CD has a purity of up to 100% with a yield of about 36%. The 2-nitrocinnamaldehyde (NC) product from nitration was analyzed with ethanol and n-hexane (1:1) Rf = 0.84 and showed high purity with a 26% yield. The reduction product 2-aminocinnamaldehyde (Rf = 0.48) and 2-hydroxycinamaldehyde (Rf = 0.19) as a product from diazotation-hydrolysis obtained in moderate yield.
{"title":"Synthesis Strategy of Cinnamaldehyde Derivate Compound from Cinnamon Bark Oil (Cinnamomum burmanii) to 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde","authors":"V. O. Azzahra, W. Warsito, E. Iftitah, Desytrifa Rosenny Ompusunggu, Dwi Nanda Cakra Wiguna, Fadhil Akbar Sugiarto","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22686","url":null,"abstract":"Cinnamaldehyde is the major secondary metabolite of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) that has various benefits in medical fields. One of the cinnamaldehyde derivatives, 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HC), has been shown to have good anticancer activity. In contrast to its activity, the synthesis method of HC from pure cinnamaldehyde has not been studied before. This research studies the synthesis of HC with a semisynthetic approach from the natural ingredient cinnamaldehyde. This study was initiated by purifying cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark oil with the salting method using a saturated sodium bisulfite solution. Cinnamaldehyde is converted into HC through the synthesis design in three-reaction steps, including nitration using nitric acid-acetic acid anhydride at 0-5 °C, reduction in mild condition by reflux using NH4Cl-Fe in methanol-water solution, and diazotation-hydrolysis using NaNO2-HCl at 5 °C. Optimization of the synthesis was evaluated to get the best method according to yield and characterized using TLC, UV-Vis, FTIR, and GC-MS/LC-MS. The isolated CD has a purity of up to 100% with a yield of about 36%. The 2-nitrocinnamaldehyde (NC) product from nitration was analyzed with ethanol and n-hexane (1:1) Rf = 0.84 and showed high purity with a 26% yield. The reduction product 2-aminocinnamaldehyde (Rf = 0.48) and 2-hydroxycinamaldehyde (Rf = 0.19) as a product from diazotation-hydrolysis obtained in moderate yield.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. P. Hutagaol, U. Supratman, Ihsan Rahadian, Srikandi -, D. Harneti, A. Hidayat, K. Awang, Y. Shiono
A nortriterpenoid, 3-epi-cabraleahydroxylactone (1) and a steroid, stigma-4-en-3-on (2) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of stem bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq. Compound (2) was isolated for the first time from this Genus. The structure of both compounds were identified by spectroscopic datas including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as infrared spectrum, high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis and by comparing with those spectral data previously.
{"title":"A Nortriterpenoid and Steroid from the Stem Bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq (Meliaceae)","authors":"R. P. Hutagaol, U. Supratman, Ihsan Rahadian, Srikandi -, D. Harneti, A. Hidayat, K. Awang, Y. Shiono","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.23011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.23011","url":null,"abstract":"A nortriterpenoid, 3-epi-cabraleahydroxylactone (1) and a steroid, stigma-4-en-3-on (2) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of stem bark of Aglaia angustifolia Miq. Compound (2) was isolated for the first time from this Genus. The structure of both compounds were identified by spectroscopic datas including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as infrared spectrum, high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis and by comparing with those spectral data previously.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49356186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mashuni, L. Ahmad, Emiliana Sandalayuk, F. Hamid, M. Jahiding, Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri
This study aimed to obtain the best composition in the synthesis of antibacterial bioplastics made from chitosan from shrimp skin (SS) and cellulose from durian skin (DS). The research method began with the isolation of chitin from SS. Then it was deacetylated using a microwave (MW) at 60 °C for 15 minutes at 400 watts of power in an alkaline solution. The extraction of cellulose from DS through delignification using the MW for 20 minutes, 300 watts of power in Na2SO3 solution. Synthesis of bioplastics is made from variations in the composition of chitosan (8, 12 and 16% w/w), cellulose and glycerol as a plasticizer. The characterization of bioplastics with FTIR obtained functional groups O–H, C–H, C=O, C–N and N–H amines, and SEM characterization obtained bioplastic has fibre and pore size 15.429 µm. The best bioplastic characteristics were the composition of 12 % chitosan, with tensile strengths of 13.28 Mpa, water resistance of 79 % and the ability to degrade 52.67% after 15 days have met international plastic standards (ASTM 5336). The antibacterial activity of bioplastics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the Disc diffusion method showed the presence of moderate zones category of inhibition so that the resulting bioplastics can be recommended as food packaging that is environmentally friendly and antibacterial.
{"title":"Synthesis of Antibacterial and Biodegradable Bioplastic Based on Shrimp Skin Chitosan and Durian Skin Cellulose with the Microwave Assistance","authors":"M. Mashuni, L. Ahmad, Emiliana Sandalayuk, F. Hamid, M. Jahiding, Andi Muhammad Naufal Khaeri","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.23233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.23233","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to obtain the best composition in the synthesis of antibacterial bioplastics made from chitosan from shrimp skin (SS) and cellulose from durian skin (DS). The research method began with the isolation of chitin from SS. Then it was deacetylated using a microwave (MW) at 60 °C for 15 minutes at 400 watts of power in an alkaline solution. The extraction of cellulose from DS through delignification using the MW for 20 minutes, 300 watts of power in Na2SO3 solution. Synthesis of bioplastics is made from variations in the composition of chitosan (8, 12 and 16% w/w), cellulose and glycerol as a plasticizer. The characterization of bioplastics with FTIR obtained functional groups O–H, C–H, C=O, C–N and N–H amines, and SEM characterization obtained bioplastic has fibre and pore size 15.429 µm. The best bioplastic characteristics were the composition of 12 % chitosan, with tensile strengths of 13.28 Mpa, water resistance of 79 % and the ability to degrade 52.67% after 15 days have met international plastic standards (ASTM 5336). The antibacterial activity of bioplastics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the Disc diffusion method showed the presence of moderate zones category of inhibition so that the resulting bioplastics can be recommended as food packaging that is environmentally friendly and antibacterial.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45631030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Noviyanti, Y. B. Yuliyati, Ghaissani Nur Maulani, Irwan Kurnia
Recently, the Indonesian industry has been rapidly developed and affects the number of heavy metal ions waste such as iron (II). Iron (II) is dangerous to the environment because it is harmful to aquatic systems and carcinogenic. This research used activated silica/lignin to remove iron (II) in water. The activated silica/lignin was isolated from rice husk and activated by sodium periodate with a 10% weight of lignin in the range of pH of 2–5 at 55 °C. Then its specific surface area was analyzed with the methylene blue adsorption method. It is found that the condition in pH 2 showed the best isolation and activation condition to achieve the lowest impurity (cellulose and hemicellulose) in silica/lignin composite. Furthermore, the activated silica/lignin composite, isolated in pH 2, has a specific surface area of 366.6372 m2/g with the highest adsorption value of 1.1825 mg g-1 for iron (II) ions solution (5 ppm) within a contact time of 90 minutes. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, also the adsorption isotherm fitted with the Freundlich model. This research showed that activated silica/lignin could be used as an alternative of environmentally friendly material for iron (II) removal in water.
{"title":"Iron (II) Removal Using Activated Silica/Lignin Composite: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies","authors":"A. Noviyanti, Y. B. Yuliyati, Ghaissani Nur Maulani, Irwan Kurnia","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22715","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the Indonesian industry has been rapidly developed and affects the number of heavy metal ions waste such as iron (II). Iron (II) is dangerous to the environment because it is harmful to aquatic systems and carcinogenic. This research used activated silica/lignin to remove iron (II) in water. The activated silica/lignin was isolated from rice husk and activated by sodium periodate with a 10% weight of lignin in the range of pH of 2–5 at 55 °C. Then its specific surface area was analyzed with the methylene blue adsorption method. It is found that the condition in pH 2 showed the best isolation and activation condition to achieve the lowest impurity (cellulose and hemicellulose) in silica/lignin composite. Furthermore, the activated silica/lignin composite, isolated in pH 2, has a specific surface area of 366.6372 m2/g with the highest adsorption value of 1.1825 mg g-1 for iron (II) ions solution (5 ppm) within a contact time of 90 minutes. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, also the adsorption isotherm fitted with the Freundlich model. This research showed that activated silica/lignin could be used as an alternative of environmentally friendly material for iron (II) removal in water.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Nurul Afifah, M. Masruri, A. Srihardyastutie, M. F. Rahman
Pine rosin of Pinus merkusii Jung at de Vriese is produced industrially from a distillation process of pine sap. The high total Indonesian production leads the primary derivatization strategy into several derivates to fulfill the market demand. Abietic acid (AA) is a major compound in pine rosin, used as the object of observation in this study. The general methodology for transformation reported involves using palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. Both are precious metal catalysts to proceed with oxidative dehydrogenative-aromatization of the rosin. The synthesized product provides dehydroabietic acid (DHA) derivatives in high yield. This paper reports that non-precious metal-based catalysts such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), or copper (Cu) with iodine (I2) were applied to deliver the reaction by steam cracking without nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) for economical, efficient, and greenway’s catalyst. It was found that a similar product was isolated, including several by-products. Under high temperatures with a various metal transitions and halogen by FeCl3-I2 and Cu(NO3)2.3H2O and ZnCl2 catalyst, four compounds were identified employing spectroscopic methods in the reaction product: 7-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (5), 1,7-dihydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (6), 7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthren-9-ol (7) and polymer (8). This modified pine rosin was mainly used as an emulsifier for the synthetic rubber industry, varnish, ink, paper sizing, etc. The products are determined based on LC-MS/MS, UV-Vis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
de Vriese的Pinus merkusii Jung的松香是通过松液的蒸馏过程工业生产的。印度尼西亚的高总产量导致了主要衍生化策略，以满足市场需求。松枞酸(AA)是松香中的主要化合物，本研究以松枞酸为研究对象。转化的一般方法包括使用钯(Pd)和铂(Pt)基催化剂。两者都是贵重金属催化剂进行氧化脱氢芳构化松香。合成产物以高收率提供了脱氢枞酸(DHA)衍生物。采用铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)加碘(I2)等非贵金属催化剂，在无氮(N2)、无氧(O2)的情况下进行蒸汽裂解反应，具有经济、高效和格林威催化剂的特点。发现分离出一种类似的产物，包括几种副产物。以FeCl3-I2、Cu(NO3)2.3H2O和ZnCl2为催化剂，在不同金属跃迁和卤素的高温条件下，通过光谱方法在反应产物中鉴定出4种化合物:7-羟基脱氢枞酸(5)、1,7-二羟基脱氢枞酸(6)、7-异丙基-1-甲基菲菲-9-醇(7)和聚合物(8)。该改性松香主要用作合成橡胶工业的乳化剂、清漆、油墨、纸张上浆等。通过LC-MS/MS、UV-Vis和ATR-FTIR光谱对产物进行测定。
{"title":"Directed Study of Abietic Acid Reaction in Pine Rosin under Non-Precious-Metal Catalyst","authors":"Siti Nurul Afifah, M. Masruri, A. Srihardyastutie, M. F. Rahman","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22802","url":null,"abstract":"Pine rosin of Pinus merkusii Jung at de Vriese is produced industrially from a distillation process of pine sap. The high total Indonesian production leads the primary derivatization strategy into several derivates to fulfill the market demand. Abietic acid (AA) is a major compound in pine rosin, used as the object of observation in this study. The general methodology for transformation reported involves using palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. Both are precious metal catalysts to proceed with oxidative dehydrogenative-aromatization of the rosin. The synthesized product provides dehydroabietic acid (DHA) derivatives in high yield. This paper reports that non-precious metal-based catalysts such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), or copper (Cu) with iodine (I2) were applied to deliver the reaction by steam cracking without nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) for economical, efficient, and greenway’s catalyst. It was found that a similar product was isolated, including several by-products. Under high temperatures with a various metal transitions and halogen by FeCl3-I2 and Cu(NO3)2.3H2O and ZnCl2 catalyst, four compounds were identified employing spectroscopic methods in the reaction product: 7-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (5), 1,7-dihydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (6), 7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthren-9-ol (7) and polymer (8). This modified pine rosin was mainly used as an emulsifier for the synthetic rubber industry, varnish, ink, paper sizing, etc. The products are determined based on LC-MS/MS, UV-Vis, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45587501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Salahuddin, R. E. Kartasasmita, M. Hanafi, A. Sundowo, P. Lotulung, Nadia Adipratiwi, Titin Ariyani, Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari, Danang Waluyo
Quinine, a naturally happening alkaloid initially utilized for the treatment of muscle cramps, is currently most usually utilized to treat malaria. Symptoms of poisonous quinine, called Cinchonism, include wooziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, serious adverse reaction to excessive quinine use, vision impairment and deafness. This research aimed to obtain more polar quinine derivatives using reactions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid to reduce toxicity. The reactions were performed analogously to the procedures reported in the literature. The characterization of reaction products utilizing proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the reaction using reagents led to nitration of the quinoline ring with the yields of 7.09 %. The IC50 value of >10.000 μg/mL was obtained from the antimalarial test against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The IC50 values proved that the synthesis products (6-Methoxy-2,5-dinitro-quinoline-4-yl)-(5- vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol) was not potential for malaria treatment.
{"title":"Synthesis of (6-Methoxy-2,5-dinitro-quinoline-4-yl)-(5-vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol) and In Vitro Assay Against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7","authors":"S. Salahuddin, R. E. Kartasasmita, M. Hanafi, A. Sundowo, P. Lotulung, Nadia Adipratiwi, Titin Ariyani, Erwahyuni Endang Prabandari, Danang Waluyo","doi":"10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v8i1.22307","url":null,"abstract":"Quinine, a naturally happening alkaloid initially utilized for the treatment of muscle cramps, is currently most usually utilized to treat malaria. Symptoms of poisonous quinine, called Cinchonism, include wooziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, serious adverse reaction to excessive quinine use, vision impairment and deafness. This research aimed to obtain more polar quinine derivatives using reactions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid to reduce toxicity. The reactions were performed analogously to the procedures reported in the literature. The characterization of reaction products utilizing proton (1H) and carbon-13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the reaction using reagents led to nitration of the quinoline ring with the yields of 7.09 %. The IC50 value of >10.000 μg/mL was obtained from the antimalarial test against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7. The IC50 values proved that the synthesis products (6-Methoxy-2,5-dinitro-quinoline-4-yl)-(5- vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol) was not potential for malaria treatment.","PeriodicalId":17786,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Valensi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45616127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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