Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1394958
H. Aksoy
Aim of studty: The aim of this study is to determine the flood risk map of the study area where floods and flood events are frequently encountered by AHP method. Study area: The study was carried out within the boundaries of the Sinop Regional Directorate of Forestry, Ayancık Forest Management Directorate. Material and method: The flood risk map of the study area was produced by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. For AHP, 6 different criteria were used: slope, precipitations, aspect, stream distance, land use, and soil. Forest type maps of the study area were used to analyze the impact of forests on flood risk. In terms of forest structure, the stand structure was divided into 3 classes as coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forest. Main results: The results showed that flood risk varies with forest structure. Coniferous forest class was determined as the class with the lowest flood risk and mixed forest as the class with the highest flood risk. Research highlights: It was determined that the flood risk changed according to the forest structure. Coniferous forest class was determined as the class with the least flood risk, and mixed forest was determined as the class with the highest flood risk.
{"title":"AHP ile Taşkın Risk Analizi ve Doğal Taşkın Yönetiminde Ormanların Rolü: Türkiye'nin Kuzeyinden Bir Vaka Çalışması","authors":"H. Aksoy","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1394958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394958","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of studty: The aim of this study is to determine the flood risk map of the study area where floods and flood events are frequently encountered by AHP method. Study area: The study was carried out within the boundaries of the Sinop Regional Directorate of Forestry, Ayancık Forest Management Directorate. Material and method: The flood risk map of the study area was produced by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. For AHP, 6 different criteria were used: slope, precipitations, aspect, stream distance, land use, and soil. Forest type maps of the study area were used to analyze the impact of forests on flood risk. In terms of forest structure, the stand structure was divided into 3 classes as coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forest. Main results: The results showed that flood risk varies with forest structure. Coniferous forest class was determined as the class with the lowest flood risk and mixed forest as the class with the highest flood risk. Research highlights: It was determined that the flood risk changed according to the forest structure. Coniferous forest class was determined as the class with the least flood risk, and mixed forest was determined as the class with the highest flood risk.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1394951
Yılmaz Türk, Hamza Çalişkan, T. Çinar, Abdurrahim Aydin
Aim of study: The aim of the study was to determined the tree volume and damage level in windthrow areas and to assess the impact of topographic factors and forest structure on windthrow damaged. Area of study: Our study was conducted within the Düzce Forest Management Directorate. Material and methods: The windthrow areas within the boundaries of Düzce Forest Management Directorate were obtained from extraordinary yield reports. According to windthrow data verified using Google Earth, the borders for each damage were determined and transferred to ArcMap. The relationships between windthrow areas and enviromental parameters were determined using digital maps and forest management plans. Correlation analysis was applied to find out the relationship between windthrow areas and topographic and forest characteristics. Additionally, variance analysis was performed to determine if there were differences in terms of dominant aspects and forest types between windthrow areas and amounts. T-tests were conducted to determine if there were differences between windthrow areas and amounts and the dominant wind direction. Based on the statistically significant results, an intersect analysis was applied to environmental parameters to generate a windthrow susceptibility map. Main results: Windthrow occurred mostly in the southwest aspect, in the Fir-Beech species and in the cd age classes. A statistically significant relationship (p
研究目的研究的目的是确定风倒地区的树木数量和受损程度，并评估地形因素和森林结构对风倒受损的影响。 研究区域：我们的研究在 Düzce 森林管理局内进行。 材料和方法：Düzce 森林管理局辖区内的风蚀面积来自特别产量报告。根据使用谷歌地球核实的风蚀数据，确定了每个损害的边界，并将其转移到 ArcMap 中。利用数字地图和森林管理计划确定了风蚀区域与环境参数之间的关系。应用相关分析找出了风蚀面积与地形和森林特征之间的关系。此外，还进行了方差分析，以确定风蚀区和风蚀量之间在主要方面和森林类型方面是否存在差异。还进行了 T 检验，以确定风蚀面积和风蚀量与主导风向之间是否存在差异。根据具有统计学意义的结果，对环境参数进行了交叉分析，以生成风刺易感性地图。 主要结果风蚀主要发生在西南方向、杉木-山毛榉树种和 cd 树龄级别。在统计意义上（p
{"title":"Topoğrafya ve Meşcere Yapısının Rüzgâr Devriği Zararlarına Etkisinin Araştırılması: Düzce Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Örneği","authors":"Yılmaz Türk, Hamza Çalişkan, T. Çinar, Abdurrahim Aydin","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1394951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1394951","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The aim of the study was to determined the tree volume and damage level in windthrow areas and to assess the impact of topographic factors and forest structure on windthrow damaged. Area of study: Our study was conducted within the Düzce Forest Management Directorate. Material and methods: The windthrow areas within the boundaries of Düzce Forest Management Directorate were obtained from extraordinary yield reports. According to windthrow data verified using Google Earth, the borders for each damage were determined and transferred to ArcMap. The relationships between windthrow areas and enviromental parameters were determined using digital maps and forest management plans. Correlation analysis was applied to find out the relationship between windthrow areas and topographic and forest characteristics. Additionally, variance analysis was performed to determine if there were differences in terms of dominant aspects and forest types between windthrow areas and amounts. T-tests were conducted to determine if there were differences between windthrow areas and amounts and the dominant wind direction. Based on the statistically significant results, an intersect analysis was applied to environmental parameters to generate a windthrow susceptibility map. Main results: Windthrow occurred mostly in the southwest aspect, in the Fir-Beech species and in the cd age classes. A statistically significant relationship (p","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1367995
Hüseyin İNCEER
Aim of study: Crepis dioritica Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss. (=Crepis albiflora Babcock) is a threatened endemic species in Türkiye. The aim of this study is to contribute taxonomic knowledge of this species, and to reasses of its IUCN Red List category.
Area of study: Bolkar Mountains (Niğde) and Irano-Turanian region.
Material and methods: The comprehensive floristic studies in type locality of C. dioritica in Bolkar Mountains were carried out. Besides, the specimens previously collected from the type locality and Irano-Turanian region of the species were examined in detail.
Main results: The typification of the name Crepis dioritica erronously cited as holotype was corrected to lectotype herein. Besides, the IUCN category of the species was reassesed as VU (vulnerable), and its distribution pattern was given in detail for the first time.
Highlights: The data obtained from this study can be used for nomenclature and taxonomy of C. dioritica.
{"title":"Contribution to Taxonomic Knowledge of Crepis dioritica (Asteraceae): A Threatened Endemic Species in Türkiye","authors":"Hüseyin İNCEER","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1367995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1367995","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Crepis dioritica Schott & Kotschy ex Boiss. (=Crepis albiflora Babcock) is a threatened endemic species in Türkiye. The aim of this study is to contribute taxonomic knowledge of this species, and to reasses of its IUCN Red List category.
 Area of study: Bolkar Mountains (Niğde) and Irano-Turanian region. 
 Material and methods: The comprehensive floristic studies in type locality of C. dioritica in Bolkar Mountains were carried out. Besides, the specimens previously collected from the type locality and Irano-Turanian region of the species were examined in detail.
 Main results: The typification of the name Crepis dioritica erronously cited as holotype was corrected to lectotype herein. Besides, the IUCN category of the species was reassesed as VU (vulnerable), and its distribution pattern was given in detail for the first time. 
 Highlights: The data obtained from this study can be used for nomenclature and taxonomy of C. dioritica.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1367988
Mustafa YAMAN, Tuğba SAĞLAM, Sabri ÜNAL
Aim of study: Sinop province has a potential to progress in beekeeping. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of nosemosis and varroosis in honey bees in Sinop province.
Area of study: 12 villages from 7 districts (Ayancık, Boyabat, Dikmen, Durağan, Erfelek, Gerze and Saraydüzü) in Sinop province were determined as study area.
Material and methods: A total of 874 adult bee samples were dissected in Ringer’s solution and examined for nosemosis. A total of 1.640 adult bee samples were examined for varroosis.
Main results: Nosemosis was the most common disease. Average of the nosemosis infection was 7.6%. On the other hand, varroosis was observed in the eight of 12 localities examined in Sinop province. Total infestation ranged from 0.6 to 8.2%.
Highlights: Nosemosis and varroosis were observed in eight (66.7%) of the 12 examined localities in Sinop province. These data are considered as proof that honey production is negatively affected. This study also confirms that the beekeepers in the Sinop province should be informed in detail about the precautions to be taken in the monitoring and controlling varroosis and nosemosis
{"title":"Prevalence of Nosemosis and Varroosis in Honey Bees in Sinop Province","authors":"Mustafa YAMAN, Tuğba SAĞLAM, Sabri ÜNAL","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1367988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1367988","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Sinop province has a potential to progress in beekeeping. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of nosemosis and varroosis in honey bees in Sinop province.
 Area of study: 12 villages from 7 districts (Ayancık, Boyabat, Dikmen, Durağan, Erfelek, Gerze and Saraydüzü) in Sinop province were determined as study area. 
 Material and methods: A total of 874 adult bee samples were dissected in Ringer’s solution and examined for nosemosis. A total of 1.640 adult bee samples were examined for varroosis. 
 Main results: Nosemosis was the most common disease. Average of the nosemosis infection was 7.6%. On the other hand, varroosis was observed in the eight of 12 localities examined in Sinop province. Total infestation ranged from 0.6 to 8.2%. 
 Highlights: Nosemosis and varroosis were observed in eight (66.7%) of the 12 examined localities in Sinop province. These data are considered as proof that honey production is negatively affected. This study also confirms that the beekeepers in the Sinop province should be informed in detail about the precautions to be taken in the monitoring and controlling varroosis and nosemosis","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1368100
Barış GÜLCÜ, İsmail BAYSAL, Süleyman AKBULUT
Aim of study: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a serious threat to the susceptible pine forests. It is caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) (Steiner and Buhrer 1934), Nickle 1970 and transmitted by Monochamus Dejean beetles. In the recent study, we assessed the effects of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against Monochamus galloprovincialis larvae in Anatolian black pine and Scots pine logs.
Area of the study: The experiments were conducted in Duzce University, Faculty of Forestry and in a pine forest at Duzce University campus area.
Material and methods: The mean number of eggs per pine logs, and the productivity of S. carpocapsae in M. galloprovincialis larvae were compared under laboratory conditions. The nematode experiments were conducted using oviposited pine logs in the field.
Main results: The females of M. galloprovincialis oviposited more eggs on Scots pine compared to black pine logs. Both in black pine and in Scots pine, the survival rates of M. galloprovincialis after nematode application was significantly lower than control.
Highlihts: As a result of the study, S. carpocapsae can be an efficient biological control agent of this wood-boring insect.
{"title":"Çam Kütüklerindeki Monochamus galloprovincialis (Cerambycidae) Populasyonlarına Karşı Steinernema carpocapsae (Steinernematidae)’nin Biyolojik Mücadelede Kullanılması","authors":"Barış GÜLCÜ, İsmail BAYSAL, Süleyman AKBULUT","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1368100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1368100","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a serious threat to the susceptible pine forests. It is caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) (Steiner and Buhrer 1934), Nickle 1970 and transmitted by Monochamus Dejean beetles. In the recent study, we assessed the effects of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against Monochamus galloprovincialis larvae in Anatolian black pine and Scots pine logs. 
 Area of the study: The experiments were conducted in Duzce University, Faculty of Forestry and in a pine forest at Duzce University campus area. 
 Material and methods: The mean number of eggs per pine logs, and the productivity of S. carpocapsae in M. galloprovincialis larvae were compared under laboratory conditions. The nematode experiments were conducted using oviposited pine logs in the field.
 Main results: The females of M. galloprovincialis oviposited more eggs on Scots pine compared to black pine logs. Both in black pine and in Scots pine, the survival rates of M. galloprovincialis after nematode application was significantly lower than control. 
 Highlihts: As a result of the study, S. carpocapsae can be an efficient biological control agent of this wood-boring insect.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1367940
Özlem BOZDOĞAN BALÇIK, Turgay ÖZDEMİR
Aim of study: It is an investigation of the effects of bleaching processes on the color change in the wood of tree species. Tree species Eastern Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky.) and Eastern Black Sea Fir (Abies Nordmanniana subsp.) were used in the study. Sodium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, peracetic acid diluted 1/3, peracetic acid diluted 1/6 were used as bleaching agents. Trial samples were prepared in accordance with standards and color change measurements were made.
Area of study: Surface treatments on wooden materials
Material and methods: In the study, two wood species and one varnish type were used; Color changes were tested by applying various bleaches to the wooden material by rubbing method.
Main results: As a result of the study, differences were observed in all cross-section shapes in beech wood bleaching measurements with 1/6 diluted peracetic acid, and differences were observed in cross-section shapes in fir wood bleaching measurements. The best bleaching of fir wood was achieved with peracetic acid.
Main results: As a result of the study, differences were observed in all cross-section shapes in the beech wood bleaching measurements with 1/6 diluted peracetic acid, and in the cross-section shapes in the fir tree bleaching measurements. The best bleaching of fir wood was achieved with peracetic acid.
Highlights: The bleaching process allows the wooden material to easily acquire a homogeneous color. Since the cell arrangements are different in different cross-sectional shapes, the bleaching rates are different from each other. While there is not much difference in the color changes in the wood material when bleached with oxalic acid, the samples are bleached as a result of bleaching with sodium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. Significant changes have occurred in color changes. The reason for this difference is due to the different degrees of corrosion of bleaching agents.
研究目的:研究漂白过程对树种木材颜色变化的影响。研究对象为东部山毛榉(Fagus Orientalis Lipsky.)和东部黑海冷杉(Abies Nordmanniana subsp.)。以氢氧化钠-过氧化氢、草酸、过氧乙酸稀释1/3、过氧乙酸稀释1/6作为漂白剂。按照标准制备试品，并测量颜色变化。
研究领域:木质材料的表面处理
材料和方法:研究中使用了两种木材和一种清漆;用摩擦法对木材进行各种漂白剂处理，测试其颜色变化。
主要结果:研究结果表明，1/6稀释过氧乙酸对山毛榉木材漂白测量的所有截面形状都有差异，杉木木材漂白测量的截面形状也有差异。过氧乙酸漂白杉木效果最佳。
主要结果:研究的结果是，1/6稀释过氧乙酸对山毛榉木漂白测量的所有截面形状都有差异，杉木漂白测量的截面形状也有差异。过氧乙酸漂白杉木效果最佳。
亮点:漂白过程使木质材料容易获得均匀的颜色。由于不同截面形状的细胞排列不同，因此漂白率也不同。虽然用草酸漂白木材材料的颜色变化没有太大差异，但样品是用氢氧化钠-过氧化氢和过氧乙酸漂白的结果。颜色变化发生了重大变化。造成这种差异的原因是由于漂白剂的腐蚀程度不同。
{"title":"The Effect of Bleaching Agents on Color Change in Different Section Shapes in Beech And Fir Woods","authors":"Özlem BOZDOĞAN BALÇIK, Turgay ÖZDEMİR","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1367940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1367940","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: It is an investigation of the effects of bleaching processes on the color change in the wood of tree species. Tree species Eastern Beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky.) and Eastern Black Sea Fir (Abies Nordmanniana subsp.) were used in the study. Sodium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, peracetic acid diluted 1/3, peracetic acid diluted 1/6 were used as bleaching agents. Trial samples were prepared in accordance with standards and color change measurements were made.
 Area of study: Surface treatments on wooden materials
 Material and methods: In the study, two wood species and one varnish type were used; Color changes were tested by applying various bleaches to the wooden material by rubbing method.
 Main results: As a result of the study, differences were observed in all cross-section shapes in beech wood bleaching measurements with 1/6 diluted peracetic acid, and differences were observed in cross-section shapes in fir wood bleaching measurements. The best bleaching of fir wood was achieved with peracetic acid.
 Main results: As a result of the study, differences were observed in all cross-section shapes in the beech wood bleaching measurements with 1/6 diluted peracetic acid, and in the cross-section shapes in the fir tree bleaching measurements. The best bleaching of fir wood was achieved with peracetic acid.
 Highlights: The bleaching process allows the wooden material to easily acquire a homogeneous color. Since the cell arrangements are different in different cross-sectional shapes, the bleaching rates are different from each other. While there is not much difference in the color changes in the wood material when bleached with oxalic acid, the samples are bleached as a result of bleaching with sodium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. Significant changes have occurred in color changes. The reason for this difference is due to the different degrees of corrosion of bleaching agents.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1368109
Zeynel ARSLANGÜNDOĞDU, Erdem HIZAL
Aim of study: This study was carried out to determine the effects and importance of urban cemeteries on bird species diversity. Area of study: The Tepeören cemetery is one of the oldest and most historically important cemeteries in the Istanbul region. Material and methods: Field studies of birds were carried out between April-September 2018/2019. During the study period of 12 months, the cemetery was visited twice a month. The species list of the area was created by registering all feeding, lodging, roosting and nesting birds observed in the area. Main results: It was determined that 36 bird species occured in the cemetery, out of which ten species were identified as breeding in the area. The main bird species that used the cemetery as breeding ground, was Corvus monedula (Western jackdaw) that utilizes the cavities of old oaks for nesting. The average number of eggs per nest was found to be 4.3 based on the examination of 49 active nests in 2018-2019. The number of fledged birds per nest was determined as 1.1. Higlights: In the current study, the importance of the city cemeteries in terms of bird diversity has been revealed. The presence of plant species that provide suitable nesting conditions for the reproduction of birds in these cemeteries supports the survival of the birds in the city.
{"title":"The Importance of Urban Green Spaces for Resident and Migrant Birds – A Case Study from Tepeören Cemetery in Istanbul-Türkiye","authors":"Zeynel ARSLANGÜNDOĞDU, Erdem HIZAL","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1368109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1368109","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This study was carried out to determine the effects and importance of urban cemeteries on bird species diversity. Area of study: The Tepeören cemetery is one of the oldest and most historically important cemeteries in the Istanbul region. Material and methods: Field studies of birds were carried out between April-September 2018/2019. During the study period of 12 months, the cemetery was visited twice a month. The species list of the area was created by registering all feeding, lodging, roosting and nesting birds observed in the area. Main results: It was determined that 36 bird species occured in the cemetery, out of which ten species were identified as breeding in the area. The main bird species that used the cemetery as breeding ground, was Corvus monedula (Western jackdaw) that utilizes the cavities of old oaks for nesting. The average number of eggs per nest was found to be 4.3 based on the examination of 49 active nests in 2018-2019. The number of fledged birds per nest was determined as 1.1. Higlights: In the current study, the importance of the city cemeteries in terms of bird diversity has been revealed. The presence of plant species that provide suitable nesting conditions for the reproduction of birds in these cemeteries supports the survival of the birds in the city.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1368104
Ahmed ZELEKE, Lemma Chala ARARSO
Aim of study: The study was performed to evaluate the growth performance and adaptation potential of different exotic lowland bamboos, as well as identifying and providing the best-performing species.
Area of study: The study was conducted in Agbe, Tanqua Melashe district Central Tigray between June 2018 and December 2021.
Material and methods: The study focused on six different exotic lowland bamboo species, which are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa bambos, and Guadua amplexifolia. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data.
Main results: The selected bamboo species somehow had problems with survival and adaptability except for Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii species. Between species’ parameters, such as root collar diameter, culm diameter, culm height, and number of culms, the outcome had a significant difference at (p
{"title":"Adaptation and Growth Performance of Different Introduced Lowland Bamboo Species in Central Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"Ahmed ZELEKE, Lemma Chala ARARSO","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1368104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1368104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: The study was performed to evaluate the growth performance and adaptation potential of different exotic lowland bamboos, as well as identifying and providing the best-performing species. 
 Area of study: The study was conducted in Agbe, Tanqua Melashe district Central Tigray between June 2018 and December 2021. 
 Material and methods: The study focused on six different exotic lowland bamboo species, which are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, Bambusa vulgaris, Bambusa bambos, and Guadua amplexifolia. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data.
 Main results: The selected bamboo species somehow had problems with survival and adaptability except for Bambusa bambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus membranaceos, and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii species. Between species’ parameters, such as root collar diameter, culm diameter, culm height, and number of culms, the outcome had a significant difference at (p","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of study: National parks establishment was stimulated by conservation. However, conflicts exist with park managers and rustic communities hosting the park. The need to regulate utilization of forest resources by man to ensuring peaceful coexistence becomes necessary.
Area of study: Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria was the study area.
Material and methods: One hundred and fifty respondents from host communities and 20 staff of Okomu National Park were randomly selected and structured questionnaire administered to them. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Main results: Most (86.0%) of community member were aware of law guiding park but were adamant (40.0%) regardless of awareness creation by park officers (80.0%). Destruction of farms by fauna and inability of park managers to fulfill their social responsibilities (20.0%) (Staff) and inability of park to carry out social responsibility (20.0%) (communities) were the major conflict sources. Dialog (26.0%) and intensive support zone programme (20.0%) were suggested by community and staff respectively for peaceful coexistence.
Highlights: Conflicts were evident between host communities and park management. The underlying cause is deprivation of host communities from accessing resources and parks manager inability to fulfill their social responsibilities. Conflict resolution method of supply of palliative/benefit from park to communities will aid parks conservation.
{"title":"Evaluation of Conflicts and Parks Management in The Utilization of Natural Resources in Nigeria","authors":"Oghenekevwe Abigail OHWO, Theophilus Miebi GBIGBI, Dickens Efemena DOLOR","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1367932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1367932","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: National parks establishment was stimulated by conservation. However, conflicts exist with park managers and rustic communities hosting the park. The need to regulate utilization of forest resources by man to ensuring peaceful coexistence becomes necessary.
 Area of study: Okomu National Park, Edo State, Nigeria was the study area. 
 Material and methods: One hundred and fifty respondents from host communities and 20 staff of Okomu National Park were randomly selected and structured questionnaire administered to them. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
 Main results: Most (86.0%) of community member were aware of law guiding park but were adamant (40.0%) regardless of awareness creation by park officers (80.0%). Destruction of farms by fauna and inability of park managers to fulfill their social responsibilities (20.0%) (Staff) and inability of park to carry out social responsibility (20.0%) (communities) were the major conflict sources. Dialog (26.0%) and intensive support zone programme (20.0%) were suggested by community and staff respectively for peaceful coexistence.
 Highlights: Conflicts were evident between host communities and park management. The underlying cause is deprivation of host communities from accessing resources and parks manager inability to fulfill their social responsibilities. Conflict resolution method of supply of palliative/benefit from park to communities will aid parks conservation.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.17475/kastorman.1367919
Emir ERİŞİR, Esat GÜMÜŞKAYA
Aim of study: This study's goal is to evaluate potassium carbonate as a catalyst for the transesterification of cellulose dissolved in TBAF/DMSO and to identify the optimal reaction conditions. Material and methods: First, a solvent system consisting of 33 g TBAF and 165 g DMSO was prepared for 10 g dissolving pulp in this solvent system for one hour, then the cellulose solution was generated. The catalysts were added to the solution. At reaction temperature, vinyl acetate was added to the solution and the 70-h transesterification process was started. The product was precipitated in ethyl alcohol and washed with water on a sieve, and then dried at room temperature. The effects of changes in catalyst ratio and temperature on bond acetyl groups were investigated by heterogeneous saponification method, FTIR, XRD, DSC, viscosity and solubility test. Main results: The samples' DS values ranged from 1.39 to 2.37 and using phosphate salt mixture catalyst and increasing the ratio of catalyst increased the DS. FTIR and XRD data revealed that acetylation was effective. DSC thermograms showed a minor endotherm at 283.3-291.2°C, and it was identified as the melting point. With potassium carbonate, the viscosity and the solubility of the products increased. Highlights: Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO could be acetylated using potassium carbonate as the catalyst. Potassium carbonate's catalyst activity was weak on DS.
研究目的:本研究的目的是评价碳酸钾在TBAF/DMSO中溶解纤维素酯交换反应中的催化作用，并确定最佳反应条件。材料和方法:首先，制备由33 g TBAF和165 g DMSO组成的溶剂体系，将10 g溶解纸浆在该溶剂体系中溶解1小时，然后生成纤维素溶液。将催化剂加入到溶液中。在反应温度下，将醋酸乙烯加入到溶液中，开始70 h的酯交换过程。产品在乙醇中沉淀，在筛子上用水洗涤，然后在室温下干燥。采用非均相皂化法、红外光谱(FTIR)、x射线衍射(XRD)、DSC、粘度和溶解度测试等研究了催化剂配比和温度的变化对键上乙酰基的影响。主要结果:样品的DS值在1.39 ~ 2.37之间，使用磷酸盐混合催化剂及增加催化剂的比例均可提高样品的DS值。FTIR和XRD数据表明乙酰化是有效的。DSC热图显示在283.3-291.2℃有一个小的吸热，并确定为熔点。加入碳酸钾后，产品的粘度和溶解度都有所提高。在碳酸钾的催化下，TBAF/DMSO中的纤维素可以发生乙酰化。碳酸钾对DS的催化活性较弱。
{"title":"Selülozun TBAF/DMSO Çözücü Sisteminde KH2PO4 ve Na2HPO4 Tuz Karışımı Yerine Transesterifikasyonunda Katalizör Olarak Potasyum Karbonat","authors":"Emir ERİŞİR, Esat GÜMÜŞKAYA","doi":"10.17475/kastorman.1367919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.1367919","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study: This study's goal is to evaluate potassium carbonate as a catalyst for the transesterification of cellulose dissolved in TBAF/DMSO and to identify the optimal reaction conditions. Material and methods: First, a solvent system consisting of 33 g TBAF and 165 g DMSO was prepared for 10 g dissolving pulp in this solvent system for one hour, then the cellulose solution was generated. The catalysts were added to the solution. At reaction temperature, vinyl acetate was added to the solution and the 70-h transesterification process was started. The product was precipitated in ethyl alcohol and washed with water on a sieve, and then dried at room temperature. The effects of changes in catalyst ratio and temperature on bond acetyl groups were investigated by heterogeneous saponification method, FTIR, XRD, DSC, viscosity and solubility test. Main results: The samples' DS values ranged from 1.39 to 2.37 and using phosphate salt mixture catalyst and increasing the ratio of catalyst increased the DS. FTIR and XRD data revealed that acetylation was effective. DSC thermograms showed a minor endotherm at 283.3-291.2°C, and it was identified as the melting point. With potassium carbonate, the viscosity and the solubility of the products increased. Highlights: Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO could be acetylated using potassium carbonate as the catalyst. Potassium carbonate's catalyst activity was weak on DS.","PeriodicalId":17816,"journal":{"name":"Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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