Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0101
K. Synylo, K. Ulianova, O. Zaporozhets
Sustainability of aviation must be provided to limit the harmful influence and protect public health and the environment. As a rule, national and international regulations aim to reduce ambient air pollution from the aviation sector. Ukraine and other countries have historically adopted international regulations concerning air quality to protect public health and the natural environment. Local regulations also regulate it. However, these documents cover mainly stationary emission sources. In contrast, mobile sources, especially aircraft, are not considered, although, unlike most transportation modes, aircraft travel great distances at various altitudes, generating emissions that potentially impact air quality. This paper was aimed to study the principles and methods to monitor air pollution from aircraft engines at main airports of Europe, north America, and Asia. Based on measurement campaign analysis at some airports of the world and modelling results by complex model PolEmiCa (Pollution and Emission Calculation), the method and technical characteristics for measurement system detect the aircraft engine emissions. The developed practical recommendations were realised at Ukrainian airports and used for validation of model PolEmiCa. Thus, the modelling results for each engine are in good agreement with the results of measurements by the AC32M Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) analyser system due to considering the jet and plume-regime during an experimental investigation at Boryspol airport. Analysis of measured instantaneous concentration demonstrates a high correlation with the runway movements and take-off at Zhulyany airport.
必须提供航空的可持续性，以限制有害影响并保护公众健康和环境。通常，国家和国际法规旨在减少航空部门对环境空气的污染。乌克兰和其他国家历来通过了有关空气质量的国际条例，以保护公众健康和自然环境。地方法规也对其进行了规范。然而，这些文件主要涉及固定的排放源。相比之下，移动源，特别是飞机，没有被考虑在内，尽管与大多数运输方式不同，飞机在不同的高度进行长距离飞行，产生可能影响空气质量的排放。本文旨在研究欧洲、北美和亚洲主要机场飞机发动机空气污染监测的原理和方法。根据世界上一些机场的测量活动分析和复杂模型PolEmiCa (Pollution and Emission Calculation)的建模结果，提出了飞机发动机排放测量系统的检测方法和技术特点。制定的实用建议已在乌克兰机场实现，并用于验证PolEmiCa模型。因此，考虑到在鲍里斯波尔机场进行的实验调查中喷气和羽流状态，每个发动机的建模结果与AC32M氮氧化物(NOX)分析仪系统的测量结果很好地一致。对测量瞬时浓度的分析表明，该浓度与朱连尼机场跑道运动和起飞高度相关。
{"title":"Air Quality Studies at Ukrainian Airports","authors":"K. Synylo, K. Ulianova, O. Zaporozhets","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability of aviation must be provided to limit the harmful influence and protect public health and the environment. As a rule, national and international regulations aim to reduce ambient air pollution from the aviation sector. Ukraine and other countries have historically adopted international regulations concerning air quality to protect public health and the natural environment. Local regulations also regulate it. However, these documents cover mainly stationary emission sources. In contrast, mobile sources, especially aircraft, are not considered, although, unlike most transportation modes, aircraft travel great distances at various altitudes, generating emissions that potentially impact air quality. This paper was aimed to study the principles and methods to monitor air pollution from aircraft engines at main airports of Europe, north America, and Asia. Based on measurement campaign analysis at some airports of the world and modelling results by complex model PolEmiCa (Pollution and Emission Calculation), the method and technical characteristics for measurement system detect the aircraft engine emissions. The developed practical recommendations were realised at Ukrainian airports and used for validation of model PolEmiCa. Thus, the modelling results for each engine are in good agreement with the results of measurements by the AC32M Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) analyser system due to considering the jet and plume-regime during an experimental investigation at Boryspol airport. Analysis of measured instantaneous concentration demonstrates a high correlation with the runway movements and take-off at Zhulyany airport.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115637325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0104
E. Yazgan, Erdi Sert, D. Şimşek
Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) will be the branch that will have the most impact in the air transport system. The duty of ATCOs is to prevent the collision of airplanes in the air provided by the controllers on the ground and to overcome the possible confusion. Being exposed to a very high cognitive workload of ATCOs, which is one of the high-risk occupational groups, is important in terms of flight safety. However, it has been observed that studies on the differences in cognitive workload that may occur between experienced and inexperienced ATCO under different task difficulties are quite insufficient in literature. This study presents research studies on cognitive workload measurement methods and ATCO's cognitive workload. In this study, first of all, the importance of determining the cognitive workload and its measurement methods are explained. In addition, literature studies related to cognitive workload of ATCOs, particularly by using eye tracker are presented.
{"title":"Overview of Studies on the Cognitive Workload of the Air Traffic Controller","authors":"E. Yazgan, Erdi Sert, D. Şimşek","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) will be the branch that will have the most impact in the air transport system. The duty of ATCOs is to prevent the collision of airplanes in the air provided by the controllers on the ground and to overcome the possible confusion. Being exposed to a very high cognitive workload of ATCOs, which is one of the high-risk occupational groups, is important in terms of flight safety. However, it has been observed that studies on the differences in cognitive workload that may occur between experienced and inexperienced ATCO under different task difficulties are quite insufficient in literature. This study presents research studies on cognitive workload measurement methods and ATCO's cognitive workload. In this study, first of all, the importance of determining the cognitive workload and its measurement methods are explained. In addition, literature studies related to cognitive workload of ATCOs, particularly by using eye tracker are presented.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115419974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0102
Dinh-dung Nguyen, Hong Son Tran, T. T. Tran, Dat Dang Quoc, H. T. Nguyen
Angular velocity sensor detection and diagnosis become increasingly essential for the improvement of reliability, safety, and efficiency of the control system on aircraft. The classical methods for fault detection and diagnosis are limit or trend checking of some measurable output variables. Due to they do not give a deeper insight and usually do not allow a fault diagnosis, model-based methods of fault detection and diagnosis were developed by using input and output signals and applying dynamic process models. These approaches are based on parameter estimation, parity equations, or state observers. This paper presents an improvement method to build algorithm fault diagnosis for angular velocity sensors on aircraft. Based on proposed method, results of paper can be used in designed intelligent systems that can automatically fault detection on aircraft.
{"title":"Developing an Approach for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Angular Velocity Sensors","authors":"Dinh-dung Nguyen, Hong Son Tran, T. T. Tran, Dat Dang Quoc, H. T. Nguyen","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Angular velocity sensor detection and diagnosis become increasingly essential for the improvement of reliability, safety, and efficiency of the control system on aircraft. The classical methods for fault detection and diagnosis are limit or trend checking of some measurable output variables. Due to they do not give a deeper insight and usually do not allow a fault diagnosis, model-based methods of fault detection and diagnosis were developed by using input and output signals and applying dynamic process models. These approaches are based on parameter estimation, parity equations, or state observers. This paper presents an improvement method to build algorithm fault diagnosis for angular velocity sensors on aircraft. Based on proposed method, results of paper can be used in designed intelligent systems that can automatically fault detection on aircraft.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115708944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0105
N. Belousova, O. Lyubitseva, O. Skorostetska, O. Boiko
The article examines the features of the development of the modern world tourism market and the problems of providing tourism services to inclusive aviation tourists. The world experience of air transportation of inclusive tourists in different countries is analysed. Analytical material is offered, reflecting the problems of airlines work in transporting tourists from inclusive groups. The prospects of the infrastructure of Ukrainian airports are assessed; problems associated with air services for people with different categories of inclusion, especially people with disabilities, are identified. The emphasis is on developing tourism in Ukraine as a segment of the Ukrainian economy within the framework of studying the issue of development and implementation of inclusive tourism in Ukraine. In this regard, the legal regulation of relations between representatives of air transportation and an inclusive tourist, who requires special conditions of movement, which is usually associated with physical health (people with heavyweight, older adults, pregnant women) or disability, are relevant. The research identified the problems and suggested solutions that relate to tourist services in developing a consistent, logical and compromise approach to providing comfortable services for air travel for people with disabilities and passengers of other inclusive categories.
{"title":"Problems of Providing Travel Services to Inclusive Aviation Tourists: \u0000World and Ukrainian experience","authors":"N. Belousova, O. Lyubitseva, O. Skorostetska, O. Boiko","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm02is01.0105","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the features of the development of the modern world tourism market and the problems of providing tourism services to inclusive aviation tourists. The world experience of air transportation of inclusive tourists in different countries is analysed. Analytical material is offered, reflecting the problems of airlines work in transporting tourists from inclusive groups. The prospects of the infrastructure of Ukrainian airports are assessed; problems associated with air services for people with different categories of inclusion, especially people with disabilities, are identified. The emphasis is on developing tourism in Ukraine as a segment of the Ukrainian economy within the framework of studying the issue of development and implementation of inclusive tourism in Ukraine. In this regard, the legal regulation of relations between representatives of air transportation and an inclusive tourist, who requires special conditions of movement, which is usually associated with physical health (people with heavyweight, older adults, pregnant women) or disability, are relevant. The research identified the problems and suggested solutions that relate to tourist services in developing a consistent, logical and compromise approach to providing comfortable services for air travel for people with disabilities and passengers of other inclusive categories.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122485810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0204
İ. Orhan, Gamze Orhan
The airport passenger flow process is an integrated system in which passengers interact with multiple components of the system, and a failure in one component can cause greater disruption in others because of time-related constraints. Airport operators analyse and decide the results by using decision support systems under the airport management strategies by determining the potential congestion and related problems such as capacity limitations or equipment malfunctions. In this study, airport systems handle the passenger flow that covers all activities between the airport entrance and boarding. Discrete event simulation was used to assess the passenger flow and performing the activities in the related processes. The model comprises security screening, check-in, passport control and boarding processes. Within the proposed model, points with potential bottlenecks in Hasan Polatkan Airport have estimated according to International Air Transport Association (IATA) performance values.
{"title":"Modelling and Managing Airport Passenger Flow: A Case of Hasan Polatkan Airport in Turkey","authors":"İ. Orhan, Gamze Orhan","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0204","url":null,"abstract":"The airport passenger flow process is an integrated system in which passengers interact with multiple components of the system, and a failure in one component can cause greater disruption in others because of time-related constraints. Airport operators analyse and decide the results by using decision support systems under the airport management strategies by determining the potential congestion and related problems such as capacity limitations or equipment malfunctions. In this study, airport systems handle the passenger flow that covers all activities between the airport entrance and boarding. Discrete event simulation was used to assess the passenger flow and performing the activities in the related processes. The model comprises security screening, check-in, passport control and boarding processes. Within the proposed model, points with potential bottlenecks in Hasan Polatkan Airport have estimated according to International Air Transport Association (IATA) performance values.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"273 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131992461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0205
A. Kaba
QUAVs have some shortcomings in terms of nonlinearities, coupled dynamics, unstable open–loop characteristics, and they are prone to internal and external disturbances. Therefore, control problem of the QUAVs is still an open issue. Designed controllers based on the linear dynamics have limited operating ranges. Therefore, nonlinear dynamics of the QUAVs must be derived and used in the control problem. Although some advanced controllers are presented for QUAV control, PID controllers are the most employed, well–known controllers with the simple structure, ease of implementation, solid functionality and robustness amongst the variations up to a degree. In this paper, PID based controllers are proposed for the nonlinear attitude dynamics to overcome the control problem of the QUAVs. However, since optimality and tuning of the PID controllers are fuzzy because of trial and error approaches, swarm intelligence based meta-heuristic algorithms (ABC, ACO and PSO) are employed to optimize the PID coefficients. Results are compared in terms of transient analysis and MC analysis to cover the rise time, settling time, percentage overshoot, steady–state error for the former and stochastic fitness evaluation for the latter, respectively.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on The Tuning of The PID Flight Controllers Using Swarm Intelligence","authors":"A. Kaba","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0205","url":null,"abstract":"QUAVs have some shortcomings in terms of nonlinearities, coupled dynamics, unstable open–loop characteristics, and they are prone to internal and external disturbances. Therefore, control problem of the QUAVs is still an open issue. Designed controllers based on the linear dynamics have limited operating ranges. Therefore, nonlinear dynamics of the QUAVs must be derived and used in the control problem. Although some advanced controllers are presented for QUAV control, PID controllers are the most employed, well–known controllers with the simple structure, ease of implementation, solid functionality and robustness amongst the variations up to a degree. In this paper, PID based controllers are proposed for the nonlinear attitude dynamics to overcome the control problem of the QUAVs. However, since optimality and tuning of the PID controllers are fuzzy because of trial and error approaches, swarm intelligence based meta-heuristic algorithms (ABC, ACO and PSO) are employed to optimize the PID coefficients. Results are compared in terms of transient analysis and MC analysis to cover the rise time, settling time, percentage overshoot, steady–state error for the former and stochastic fitness evaluation for the latter, respectively.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121858479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0202
T. Y. Erkeç, C. Hajiyev
This paper is committed to the relative navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) flying in formation flight. The concept and methods of swarm UAVs technology and architecture have been explained. The relative state estimation models of unmanned aerial vehicles which are based on separate systems as Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)&Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Laser&INS and Vision based techniques have been compared via various approaches. The sensors are used individually or integrated each other via sensor integration for solving relative navigation problems. The UAV relative navigation models are varied as stated in operation area, type of platform and environment. The aim of this article is to understand the correlation between relative navigation systems and potency of state estimation algorithms as well during formation flight of UAV.
{"title":"Relative Navigation in UAV Applications","authors":"T. Y. Erkeç, C. Hajiyev","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is committed to the relative navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) flying in formation flight. The concept and methods of swarm UAVs technology and architecture have been explained. The relative state estimation models of unmanned aerial vehicles which are based on separate systems as Inertial Navigation Systems (INS)&Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Laser&INS and Vision based techniques have been compared via various approaches. The sensors are used individually or integrated each other via sensor integration for solving relative navigation problems. The UAV relative navigation models are varied as stated in operation area, type of platform and environment. The aim of this article is to understand the correlation between relative navigation systems and potency of state estimation algorithms as well during formation flight of UAV.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130895514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0201
Lenard Mariyanov Adanov, Andrew J. Macintyre, M. Efthymiou
Pilot training and recruitment is of fundamental importance for the aviation industry. Yet, a number of Commercial Pilot’s License (CPL) applicants trained by Approved Training Organizations (ATOs) fail their airline assessments. To provide some clarity on why this is happening, we conducted in-depth interviews with twelve industry professionals and a detailed documentary analysis was undertaken. We found that the main reasons are: (1) Lack of preparation or technical knowledge; (2) Poor communication skills; and (3) Poor display of teamwork and leadership. The paper suggests that regulation should be implemented for ATO’s to use screening processes on potential students to increase quality or Airline Pilot Standard Multi Crew-Cooperation (APS MCC) system, as an additional training system on top of what is being taught in ATOs. Regulations should further be linked with regular audits in place for smaller airlines to increase the effectiveness of their pilot assessments and recruitment processes in order to increase safety. Areas of further research as also identified.
{"title":"An exploratory study about the Challenges with Pilot Training and Recruitment in Europe","authors":"Lenard Mariyanov Adanov, Andrew J. Macintyre, M. Efthymiou","doi":"10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm01is02.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Pilot training and recruitment is of fundamental importance for the aviation industry. Yet, a number of Commercial Pilot’s License (CPL) applicants trained by Approved Training Organizations (ATOs) fail their airline assessments. To provide some clarity on why this is happening, we conducted in-depth interviews with twelve industry professionals and a detailed documentary analysis was undertaken. We found that the main reasons are: (1) Lack of preparation or technical knowledge; (2) Poor communication skills; and (3) Poor display of teamwork and leadership. The paper suggests that regulation should be implemented for ATO’s to use screening processes on potential students to increase quality or Airline Pilot Standard Multi Crew-Cooperation (APS MCC) system, as an additional training system on top of what is being taught in ATOs. Regulations should further be linked with regular audits in place for smaller airlines to increase the effectiveness of their pilot assessments and recruitment processes in order to increase safety. Areas of further research as also identified.","PeriodicalId":178218,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134449352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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