{"title":"<b>Hartmut Leppin,</b> Die frühen Christen. Von den Anfängen bis Konstantin, München (C.H.Beck) 2018, 512 S., 21 Abb., ISBN 978-3-406-72510-4 (geb.), € 29,95","authors":"Hans Hauben","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Most powerful ancient navies included a type of ship that conveyed cavalry known as hippagogos – a master weapon of all sea powers – to carry out their expeditions overseas. Ancient thalassocracies understood that their dominion depended not only on fighting ships. Cavalry was necessary for victory on land and was thus a necessary component of their maritime strategy. Control of Mediterranean waters necessitated the construction of horse-carriers that provided much needed auxiliary support to the fleet. Although a naval force might include only a few of these vessels, their role was essential, and for this reason they were part of every significant fleet. Only sea powers with large resources and advanced nautical skills could commission horse-transports, which were old warships that had been transformed. This investigation traces the evolution in the use of vessels conveying cavalry from Persian expeditions in the Aegean to the Battle of Actium. The study considers the literary and epigraphic sources evidencing them in order to emphasize their continued importance for the evolution of naval warfare throughout antiquity. Athenian horse-carriers are the best documented examples and are considered the most extensively, even though many other powers used these kinds of vessels. At the peak of their maritime empire, the Athenian employed horse-carriers on multiple occasions against their enemies. The city-state was renowned for them to the extent that Aristophanes dedicated a comedic episode to them in his play Knights, which indicates the great interest of elites in these vessels. The article also reassesses the role of the cavalrymen who played pivotal roles in the expeditions of all maritime empires in antiquity.
{"title":"“<b> <i>Hippapai</i> </b>!” Horse-Carriers: A Master Ship of Ancient Thalassocracies","authors":"Emmanuel Nantet","doi":"10.1515/klio-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Most powerful ancient navies included a type of ship that conveyed cavalry known as hippagogos – a master weapon of all sea powers – to carry out their expeditions overseas. Ancient thalassocracies understood that their dominion depended not only on fighting ships. Cavalry was necessary for victory on land and was thus a necessary component of their maritime strategy. Control of Mediterranean waters necessitated the construction of horse-carriers that provided much needed auxiliary support to the fleet. Although a naval force might include only a few of these vessels, their role was essential, and for this reason they were part of every significant fleet. Only sea powers with large resources and advanced nautical skills could commission horse-transports, which were old warships that had been transformed. This investigation traces the evolution in the use of vessels conveying cavalry from Persian expeditions in the Aegean to the Battle of Actium. The study considers the literary and epigraphic sources evidencing them in order to emphasize their continued importance for the evolution of naval warfare throughout antiquity. Athenian horse-carriers are the best documented examples and are considered the most extensively, even though many other powers used these kinds of vessels. At the peak of their maritime empire, the Athenian employed horse-carriers on multiple occasions against their enemies. The city-state was renowned for them to the extent that Aristophanes dedicated a comedic episode to them in his play Knights, which indicates the great interest of elites in these vessels. The article also reassesses the role of the cavalrymen who played pivotal roles in the expeditions of all maritime empires in antiquity.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen A lo largo de la Segunda Guerra Púnica, los distintos agentes intervinientes en el frente hispano recurrieron constantemente a la diplomacia, materializada a menudo en el intercambio de regalos. El presente artículo analiza estos intercambios, centrándose en un tipo de dones singularmente valiosos: los seres humanos de estirpe aristocrática previamente reducidos a la condición de rehenes o cautivos. Su eventual liberación, espontánea y unilateral, y las respuestas suscitadas entre sus familiares y comunidades de origen, se comprende mejor desde el punto de vista de las dinámicas de intercambio de dones diplomáticos, generadoras, por definición, de gratitud, ansiedad y reciprocidad entre los interlocutores. En tanto que canal de comunicación, la materialidad diplomática – esto es, la circulación de bienes de prestigio, rehenes, promesas… – sirvió para tejer redes de alianza y para consolidar asimetrías políticas en un escenario bélico progresivamente extensivo y multipolar.
{"title":"<b> <i>Partim donis, partim remissione obsidum captivorumque:</i> </b> la diplomacia de rehenes y regalos en la Segunda Guerra Púnica en Hispania","authors":"Eduardo Sánchez Moreno, Jorge García Cardiel","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen A lo largo de la Segunda Guerra Púnica, los distintos agentes intervinientes en el frente hispano recurrieron constantemente a la diplomacia, materializada a menudo en el intercambio de regalos. El presente artículo analiza estos intercambios, centrándose en un tipo de dones singularmente valiosos: los seres humanos de estirpe aristocrática previamente reducidos a la condición de rehenes o cautivos. Su eventual liberación, espontánea y unilateral, y las respuestas suscitadas entre sus familiares y comunidades de origen, se comprende mejor desde el punto de vista de las dinámicas de intercambio de dones diplomáticos, generadoras, por definición, de gratitud, ansiedad y reciprocidad entre los interlocutores. En tanto que canal de comunicación, la materialidad diplomática – esto es, la circulación de bienes de prestigio, rehenes, promesas… – sirvió para tejer redes de alianza y para consolidar asimetrías políticas en un escenario bélico progresivamente extensivo y multipolar.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This article aims to advance our understanding of Athenian politics through a quantitative study of the proposers of decrees in the Assembly during the fifth century BC. Based on the accounts of Greek historians, biographers and orators, scholars have traditionally envisioned Athenian politics as dominated by an elite whose members competed for power and prestige and controlled the Assembly through dynamics of political friendship. Recent studies of the decree proposers attested in the epigraphical and literary sources have questioned this model. They have shown that, at least during the fourth century, political initiative was not the prerogative of an elite but was rather widespread among ordinary citizens. Yet, the traditional, elite-centred view of Athenian politics is still widely supported among scholars working on the fifth-century democracy. This article challenges this view through a comparative study of the respective pictures of fifth-century decree proposing provided by the literary and epigraphical evidence. By means of statistical tests and analyses, it argues that, while wealth certainly gave elites an advantage in the Assembly through rhetorical training as well as an edge in the run for elective offices, Athenian democracy since the fifth century provided occasional proposers and ordinary citizens with significant pathways for exerting political agency. By reviewing the problematic evidence for the practice of proposing decrees through proxies, this study also shows that the significant level of popular participation attested in the observed data was not a by-product of political friendship, and that Athenian democracy since its early history encouraged models of political aggregation which could cut through friendship groups and enable forms of participation not limited to passively supporting one’s political leaders.
{"title":"Elite Politicians or Ordinary Citizens? Decree Making and Political Friendship in fifth-century Athens","authors":"Matteo Barbato","doi":"10.1515/klio-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This article aims to advance our understanding of Athenian politics through a quantitative study of the proposers of decrees in the Assembly during the fifth century BC. Based on the accounts of Greek historians, biographers and orators, scholars have traditionally envisioned Athenian politics as dominated by an elite whose members competed for power and prestige and controlled the Assembly through dynamics of political friendship. Recent studies of the decree proposers attested in the epigraphical and literary sources have questioned this model. They have shown that, at least during the fourth century, political initiative was not the prerogative of an elite but was rather widespread among ordinary citizens. Yet, the traditional, elite-centred view of Athenian politics is still widely supported among scholars working on the fifth-century democracy. This article challenges this view through a comparative study of the respective pictures of fifth-century decree proposing provided by the literary and epigraphical evidence. By means of statistical tests and analyses, it argues that, while wealth certainly gave elites an advantage in the Assembly through rhetorical training as well as an edge in the run for elective offices, Athenian democracy since the fifth century provided occasional proposers and ordinary citizens with significant pathways for exerting political agency. By reviewing the problematic evidence for the practice of proposing decrees through proxies, this study also shows that the significant level of popular participation attested in the observed data was not a by-product of political friendship, and that Athenian democracy since its early history encouraged models of political aggregation which could cut through friendship groups and enable forms of participation not limited to passively supporting one’s political leaders.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<b>Johannes Zenk</b>, Die Anfänge Roms erzählen. Zur literarischen Technik in der ersten Pentade von Livius’ <i>ab urbe condita,</i> Berlin – Boston (De Gruyter) 2021 (Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft – Beihefte N.F. 12), VIII, 356 S., ISBN 978-3-11-075803-0 (geb.), € 109,95","authors":"Uwe Walter","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Plinius der Jüngere berichtet in seinen Briefen verschiedentlich über seine Sklaven. Weitaus häufiger jedoch bleiben diese auf der Textebene unsichtbar, obwohl ihre Anwesenheit in den geschilderten Zusammenhängen vorauszusetzen ist. Der Beitrag beleuchtet im Rückgriff auf Clifford Geertz’ Methode der „dichten Beschreibung“ die Bedeutung, die der Diskurs über die Behandlung von Sklaven für Plinius hatte, und untersucht in diesem Licht die von ihm beschriebenen Nahverhältnisse zu bestimmten Sklaven und Freigelassenen seiner familia urbana. Die „dichte Beschreibung“ wird dabei mittels einer Diskursanalyse umgesetzt, die zum Verständnis der Lebenswelt des Plinius beitragen soll. Diese wird mit Rudolf Vierhaus als „symbolisch gedeutete Wirklichkeit“ aufgefaßt. Die Stimmen der Sklavinnen und Sklaven selbst sind dagegen in diesem Diskurs nicht greifbar.
{"title":"Geschichte schreiben als „dichte Beschreibung“. Der jüngere Plinius und seine Sklaven","authors":"Susanne Froehlich","doi":"10.1515/klio-2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Plinius der Jüngere berichtet in seinen Briefen verschiedentlich über seine Sklaven. Weitaus häufiger jedoch bleiben diese auf der Textebene unsichtbar, obwohl ihre Anwesenheit in den geschilderten Zusammenhängen vorauszusetzen ist. Der Beitrag beleuchtet im Rückgriff auf Clifford Geertz’ Methode der „dichten Beschreibung“ die Bedeutung, die der Diskurs über die Behandlung von Sklaven für Plinius hatte, und untersucht in diesem Licht die von ihm beschriebenen Nahverhältnisse zu bestimmten Sklaven und Freigelassenen seiner familia urbana. Die „dichte Beschreibung“ wird dabei mittels einer Diskursanalyse umgesetzt, die zum Verständnis der Lebenswelt des Plinius beitragen soll. Diese wird mit Rudolf Vierhaus als „symbolisch gedeutete Wirklichkeit“ aufgefaßt. Die Stimmen der Sklavinnen und Sklaven selbst sind dagegen in diesem Diskurs nicht greifbar.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<b>Federica Carugati,</b> Creating a Constitution. Law, Democracy and Growth in Ancient Athens, Princeton – Oxford (Princeton University Press) 2019, XII, 239 S., ISBN 978-0-691-19563-6 (geb.), $ 42,–","authors":"Wilfried Nippel","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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