Patrik Klingborg, Hedvig von Ehrenheim, Axel Frejman
Summary Scholars have long highlighted the importance of water for rituals in Greek sanctuaries, but little is known about when and how it was used in practice. Considering the importance attributed to water in rituals at Greek sanctuaries, this article aims to explore water as a purificatory agent for humans and things and as an offering, pure or water mixed with wine, to the gods in the form of libations. Throughout the paper we argue that these activities were located on a spectrum from mundane to religious and can be viewed within a “spatio-temporal” framework where they functioned as visual cues in order to structure activities. To achieve this, we closely and critically examine the empirical material, epigraphic and literary, supported by archaeological and iconographic evidence.
{"title":"Ritual Usage of Water in Greek Sanctuaries","authors":"Patrik Klingborg, Hedvig von Ehrenheim, Axel Frejman","doi":"10.1515/klio-2021-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2021-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Scholars have long highlighted the importance of water for rituals in Greek sanctuaries, but little is known about when and how it was used in practice. Considering the importance attributed to water in rituals at Greek sanctuaries, this article aims to explore water as a purificatory agent for humans and things and as an offering, pure or water mixed with wine, to the gods in the form of libations. Throughout the paper we argue that these activities were located on a spectrum from mundane to religious and can be viewed within a “spatio-temporal” framework where they functioned as visual cues in order to structure activities. To achieve this, we closely and critically examine the empirical material, epigraphic and literary, supported by archaeological and iconographic evidence.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88154810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen El presente artículo considera la inscripción rupestre dedicada a Nemedus Augustus en la cueva de La Griega (Pedraza, Segovia) con el objetivo de aportar algunas reflexiones sobre la interpretación de las divinidades con epíteto Augustus/a, su relación con el culto imperial y su presencia en el ámbito rural hispano. Se consideran otros testimonios epigráficos del uso del epíteto Augustus/Augusta en divinidades indígenas en la Península Ibérica, entendiendo que fue un mecanismo para su incorporación al panteón romano.
{"title":"Nemedus Augustus y el culto imperial en áreas rurales de la Península Ibérica","authors":"Noelia Cases Mora","doi":"10.1515/klio-2021-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2021-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El presente artículo considera la inscripción rupestre dedicada a Nemedus Augustus en la cueva de La Griega (Pedraza, Segovia) con el objetivo de aportar algunas reflexiones sobre la interpretación de las divinidades con epíteto Augustus/a, su relación con el culto imperial y su presencia en el ámbito rural hispano. Se consideran otros testimonios epigráficos del uso del epíteto Augustus/Augusta en divinidades indígenas en la Península Ibérica, entendiendo que fue un mecanismo para su incorporación al panteón romano.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88247762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hendrikus A. M. van Wijlick, Rome and the Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44–31 BC, Leiden – Boston (Brill) 2020 (Impact of Empire 38), 307 S., ISBN 978-90-04-44174-3 (geb.), € 134,82","authors":"Julia Hoffmann-Salz","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81434158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Julia L. Shear, Serving Athena. The Festival of the Panathenaia and the Construction of Athenian Identities, Cambridge – New York (Cambridge University Press) 2021, XXII, 532 S., ISBN 978-1-108-48527-2 (geb.), £ 105,–","authors":"Zinon Papakonstantinou","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88904298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silvia Panichi, La Cappadocia ellenistica sotto gli Ariaratidi ca. 250–100 a.C., Florenz (Leo S. Olschki) 2018 (Biblioteca di Geographia Antiqua 5), XIV, 134 S., ISBN 978-88-222-6580-7 (brosch.), € 25,–","authors":"Marek Jan Olbrycht","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80973835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la figura del emperador Juan (423–425), un soberano considerado como un usurpador por las fuentes de la época así como por la mayor parte de la bibliografía que se ha ocupado de su persona. Se analiza su posible carrera anterior a su nombramiento como augusto de Occidente, las circunstancias de su ascenso al trono, las principales claves de su gobierno, su derrota a manos de Bizancio y su ejecución. Para ello, se realiza una lectura crítica de la documentación conservada (narraciones de carácter histórico, textos legislativos, inscripciones y monedas, entre otras categorías documentales). Asimismo, las principales obras historiográficas que han tratado acerca de Juan son examinadas también con un espíritu crítico a la luz de la información que nos proporcionan dichas fuentes, por lo que algunas de sus afirmaciones son matizadas cuando no directamente rechazadas. La conclusión de este estudio es que Juan fue un emperador que llegó al poder de manera legítima; su destronamiento a manos de Teodosio II fue el resultado de la tendencia cada vez mayor hacia una política de sucesión dinástica (pese a que esta no tenía una base legal); tan solo tras su muerte, Juan fue considerado un usurpador por parte de las fuentes pro teodosianas, una consideración que se ha transmitido a la historiografía posterior.
{"title":"Iohannes Augustus. Biografía de un emperador maldito","authors":"Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez","doi":"10.1515/klio-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la figura del emperador Juan (423–425), un soberano considerado como un usurpador por las fuentes de la época así como por la mayor parte de la bibliografía que se ha ocupado de su persona. Se analiza su posible carrera anterior a su nombramiento como augusto de Occidente, las circunstancias de su ascenso al trono, las principales claves de su gobierno, su derrota a manos de Bizancio y su ejecución. Para ello, se realiza una lectura crítica de la documentación conservada (narraciones de carácter histórico, textos legislativos, inscripciones y monedas, entre otras categorías documentales). Asimismo, las principales obras historiográficas que han tratado acerca de Juan son examinadas también con un espíritu crítico a la luz de la información que nos proporcionan dichas fuentes, por lo que algunas de sus afirmaciones son matizadas cuando no directamente rechazadas. La conclusión de este estudio es que Juan fue un emperador que llegó al poder de manera legítima; su destronamiento a manos de Teodosio II fue el resultado de la tendencia cada vez mayor hacia una política de sucesión dinástica (pese a que esta no tenía una base legal); tan solo tras su muerte, Juan fue considerado un usurpador por parte de las fuentes pro teodosianas, una consideración que se ha transmitido a la historiografía posterior.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84128954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Friedrich Meins, Paradigmatische Geschichte. Wahrheit, Theorie und Methode in den Antiquitates Romanae des Dionysios von Halikarnassos, Stuttgart (Franz Steiner Verlag) 2019 (Palingenesia 113), 169 S., ISBN 978-3-515-12255-9 (geb.), € 47,–","authors":"Matthew Fox","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86608654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laurens E. Tacoma, Roman Political Culture. Seven Studies of the Senate and City Councils of Italy from the First to the Sixth Century AD, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, XII, 320 S., ISBN 978-0-19-885080-9 (geb.), £ 87,–","authors":"C. Ando","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82164255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary My research applies the categories of labour specialisation and professionalism to the Athenian bank with a view to demonstrating that banking was a full-time occupation requiring a complex set of skills and that bankers could be considered professionals rather than simple workers. This paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I scrutinise all the sources regarding the banks’ activities and the bankers’ clients to show that the trapezai were constantly frequented by traders, members of the wealthy upper class and most likely individuals belonging to the social middle class. This first section reveals how the banks’ clients exerted a high and constant demand for the services offered by the Athenian bankers. The second section explores the set of skills required to run a bank or even simply to work as a bank employee and aims at demonstrating how important it was that banks were efficiently organised through a precise division of labour. Such a division clearly shows that banking was a highly specialised activity. In the third section I identify the features that qualify bankers as professionals, namely social prestige, the passing down of knowledge and skills to individuals other than the bankers’ sons, and the creation of a wide network of international contacts. The analysis conducted on Athenian bankers to determine whether or not they constitute professionals is reinforced with several parallels to bankers active in other prosperous poleis, such as Delos.
{"title":"The Athenian Bank: a Conspicuous Example of Labour Specialisation","authors":"Giacinto Falco","doi":"10.1515/klio-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Summary My research applies the categories of labour specialisation and professionalism to the Athenian bank with a view to demonstrating that banking was a full-time occupation requiring a complex set of skills and that bankers could be considered professionals rather than simple workers. This paper is divided into three sections. In the first, I scrutinise all the sources regarding the banks’ activities and the bankers’ clients to show that the trapezai were constantly frequented by traders, members of the wealthy upper class and most likely individuals belonging to the social middle class. This first section reveals how the banks’ clients exerted a high and constant demand for the services offered by the Athenian bankers. The second section explores the set of skills required to run a bank or even simply to work as a bank employee and aims at demonstrating how important it was that banks were efficiently organised through a precise division of labour. Such a division clearly shows that banking was a highly specialised activity. In the third section I identify the features that qualify bankers as professionals, namely social prestige, the passing down of knowledge and skills to individuals other than the bankers’ sons, and the creation of a wide network of international contacts. The analysis conducted on Athenian bankers to determine whether or not they constitute professionals is reinforced with several parallels to bankers active in other prosperous poleis, such as Delos.","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75440708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pat Wheatley – Charlotte Dunn, Demetrius the Besieger, Oxford – New York (Oxford University Press) 2020, 528 S., ISBN 978-0-19-883604-9 (geb.), £ 115,–","authors":"Gregor Weber","doi":"10.1515/klio-2023-2010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/klio-2023-2010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17832,"journal":{"name":"Klio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87054551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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