Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150505104413
Achmet Ali, Okyay Ozsoy, B. Başaran, S. Oflaz, I. Edipoglu, I. O. Akinci
ABSTRACTObjective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe treatment for psychiatric disorders. As shown after epileptic seizure, mild to moderate respiratory problems could be observed after ECT. We investigated the effects of atropine and aminophylline premedication on respiratory problems that occur after ECT under general anesthesia.Methods: The present study is a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. All patients had more than three ECT sessions, during the first three of which the patients entered the study either non-premedicated as part of the Control Group, premedicated with atropine (0.01 mg/kg−1) in the Atropine Group, or premedicated with aminophylline (120 mg) in the Aminophylline Group. During anesthesia induction, propofol and succinylcholine were administered. After adequate anesthesia, ECT was performed. The respiratory sounds of patients were auscultated before and after ECT. The demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, hemodynamic data, seizure duration, spontaneous respiration time,...
{"title":"The Effects of Atropine and Aminophylline Premedication on Respiratory Problems After Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Trial","authors":"Achmet Ali, Okyay Ozsoy, B. Başaran, S. Oflaz, I. Edipoglu, I. O. Akinci","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20150505104413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20150505104413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTObjective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe treatment for psychiatric disorders. As shown after epileptic seizure, mild to moderate respiratory problems could be observed after ECT. We investigated the effects of atropine and aminophylline premedication on respiratory problems that occur after ECT under general anesthesia.Methods: The present study is a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. All patients had more than three ECT sessions, during the first three of which the patients entered the study either non-premedicated as part of the Control Group, premedicated with atropine (0.01 mg/kg−1) in the Atropine Group, or premedicated with aminophylline (120 mg) in the Aminophylline Group. During anesthesia induction, propofol and succinylcholine were administered. After adequate anesthesia, ECT was performed. The respiratory sounds of patients were auscultated before and after ECT. The demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, hemodynamic data, seizure duration, spontaneous respiration time,...","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85642468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150502072931
E. Garland, Samantha M. Brown, M. Howard
ABS TRACT: Traumatic experiences and reduced alcohol self-efficacy in alcohol dependent inpatients: attentional and autonomic mediators Objective: Self-medication with alcohol has been documented among individuals exposed to chronic trauma who may be unable to resist urges to drink in high-risk situations. Persistent alcohol use can result in attentional bias (AB) toward alcohol cues and psychophysiological reactivity such as changes in cue-elicited heart rate variability (HRV). The present study tested the hypothesis that individual differences in alcohol AB and HRV mediate the association between lifetime exposure to traumatic events and alcohol-related selfefficacy among a sample of alcohol dependent adults in inpatient treatment. Method: This paper details a secondary data analysis from a sample of alcohol dependent adults (N = 58) who completed standardized psychosocial instruments, an affect-modulated cue reactivity protocol, and a spatial cueing task. Results: Path analyses indicated statistically significant direct effects of levels of lifetime trauma exposure on Low Frequency/High Frequency-HRV cue-reactivity, alcohol AB, and alcohol self-efficacy. A statistically significant indirect effect was found from lifetime trauma exposure to alcohol-related self-efficacy through alcohol AB. Conclusions: Results suggest that alcohol AB partially mediates the relationship between greater lifetime trauma exposure and reduced alcohol self-efficacy. Hence, alcohol dependent individuals with more extensive trauma histories may benefit from therapies aimed at increasing self-awareness and self-regulation of attentional and autonomic reactivity to prevent risk of relapse.
{"title":"Traumatic Experiences and Reduced Alcohol Self-efficacy in Alcohol Dependent Inpatients: Attentional and Autonomic Mediators","authors":"E. Garland, Samantha M. Brown, M. Howard","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20150502072931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20150502072931","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: Traumatic experiences and reduced alcohol self-efficacy in alcohol dependent inpatients: attentional and autonomic mediators Objective: Self-medication with alcohol has been documented among individuals exposed to chronic trauma who may be unable to resist urges to drink in high-risk situations. Persistent alcohol use can result in attentional bias (AB) toward alcohol cues and psychophysiological reactivity such as changes in cue-elicited heart rate variability (HRV). The present study tested the hypothesis that individual differences in alcohol AB and HRV mediate the association between lifetime exposure to traumatic events and alcohol-related selfefficacy among a sample of alcohol dependent adults in inpatient treatment. Method: This paper details a secondary data analysis from a sample of alcohol dependent adults (N = 58) who completed standardized psychosocial instruments, an affect-modulated cue reactivity protocol, and a spatial cueing task. Results: Path analyses indicated statistically significant direct effects of levels of lifetime trauma exposure on Low Frequency/High Frequency-HRV cue-reactivity, alcohol AB, and alcohol self-efficacy. A statistically significant indirect effect was found from lifetime trauma exposure to alcohol-related self-efficacy through alcohol AB. Conclusions: Results suggest that alcohol AB partially mediates the relationship between greater lifetime trauma exposure and reduced alcohol self-efficacy. Hence, alcohol dependent individuals with more extensive trauma histories may benefit from therapies aimed at increasing self-awareness and self-regulation of attentional and autonomic reactivity to prevent risk of relapse.","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20151115023922
G. Sayar, M. Cetin
Earlier diagnosis and intervention have value in virtually every illness. Concentrating on early treatment even before the clinical syndrome emerges is a futuristic goal in neuropsychiatric disorders. But psychiatric diagnosis relies exclusively on subjective considerations, not on objective laboratory tests and biological markers. Nevertheless, at some point in the future, a new way of diagnosing psychiatric disorders will overtake conventional diagnostic procedures that are depending on symptom checklists. Developing a new set of diagnostic criteria based on genomics and neurocircuitry of psychiatric disorders will not only lead to a more precise diagnosis but will a l s o h e l p u s d e v e l o p m o r e s p e c i f i c , biotechnological , and disease-modifying pharmacologic agents. It is truly thought-provoking to consider that online search systems, or other commonly used social network systems may be used to detect those who may be at very high risk of developing psychosis. Recently, long-time director of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Dr. Thomas R. Insel joined Google Life Sciences. In an interview Insel acknowledged that he believed that technology companies are going to play an increasingly important role in understanding the complexities of brain function and improve our understanding of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism. In this editorial, we briefly review the candidate diagnostic tests in psychiatry and make recommendations on the future development. Automated Speech Analysis Programs
{"title":"A Futuristic Approach to Psychiatric Diagnosis","authors":"G. Sayar, M. Cetin","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20151115023922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20151115023922","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier diagnosis and intervention have value in virtually every illness. Concentrating on early treatment even before the clinical syndrome emerges is a futuristic goal in neuropsychiatric disorders. But psychiatric diagnosis relies exclusively on subjective considerations, not on objective laboratory tests and biological markers. Nevertheless, at some point in the future, a new way of diagnosing psychiatric disorders will overtake conventional diagnostic procedures that are depending on symptom checklists. Developing a new set of diagnostic criteria based on genomics and neurocircuitry of psychiatric disorders will not only lead to a more precise diagnosis but will a l s o h e l p u s d e v e l o p m o r e s p e c i f i c , biotechnological , and disease-modifying pharmacologic agents. It is truly thought-provoking to consider that online search systems, or other commonly used social network systems may be used to detect those who may be at very high risk of developing psychosis. Recently, long-time director of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Dr. Thomas R. Insel joined Google Life Sciences. In an interview Insel acknowledged that he believed that technology companies are going to play an increasingly important role in understanding the complexities of brain function and improve our understanding of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and autism. In this editorial, we briefly review the candidate diagnostic tests in psychiatry and make recommendations on the future development. Automated Speech Analysis Programs","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74749148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150215102744
K. Demi̇rci̇, Mustafa Ünübol, Cafer Çağrı Korucu, S. Demirci
Endocrine and reproductive side effects associated with escitalopram are rarely reported1. There are a few case reports of euprolactinemic galactorrhea associated with the use of escitalopram 1,2. Here, we report a postmenopausal woman who developed euprolactinemic galactorrhea while on escitalopram. A 32-year-old, married woman presented to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of galactorrhea from both breasts, occurring for one month. She had begun treatment for depression with escitalopram 10 mg/day four months earlier; she reported improvement in the depressive symptoms at four weeks of treatment. However, she had developed galactorrhea, which had lasted for a month. Six years prior to this event, the patient had undergone total abdominal h y s t e r e c t o m y a n d b i l a t e r a l s a l p i n g o-oophorectomy due to ovarian cysts; she was not on hormone replacement or any other medications. She did not have any family history of psychiatric disorders. A mental status examination revealed mild depressed affect and sleep disturbance. The patient was diagnosed with major depressive disorder partly in remission and galactorrhea associated with escitalopram. Her physical and neurological examinations were normal, except for the galactorrhea. Her serum prolactin level was normal (10.03 ng/ml). Serum prolactin levels were normal in repeated measurements at the same time of day. Laboratory tests were normal except for FSH and LH, which were high due to post-oophorectomy status. MRI o f t h e b r a i n a n d h y p o p h y s i s , b r e a s t ultrasonography, and cytological examination were normal. As a result, we concluded that the galactorrhea was associated with escitalopram, and therefore escitalopram treatment was discontinued. The patient was advised to avoid coitus and breast stimulation for one week. Four days after stopping the escitalopram, the galactorrhea diminished. Serum prolactin level was checked again at ten days and at four weeks after discontinuation of escitalopram, and it was still normal. According to the Naranjo causality scale (which showed a score of 7) 3 , the adverse effect was probably caused by escitalopram. Later, the patient was prescribed sertraline 50 mg/day for depression treatment. The six-month follow-ups indicated that the patient maintained well on sertraline, her serum prolactin level was normal, and there was no galactorrhea. There are the reports of …
与艾司西酞普兰相关的内分泌和生殖副作用很少报道1。有几例报告与使用艾司西酞普兰有关的促泌乳素性乳漏1,2。在这里，我们报告了一位绝经后妇女，她在服用艾司西酞普兰时发生了促泌乳素性乳漏。一位32岁已婚女性以双乳溢一个月的主诉来到我们的门诊。4个月前，她开始用艾司西酞普兰10mg /天治疗抑郁症;经过四周的治疗，她的抑郁症状有所改善。然而，她出现了溢乳，持续了一个月。在此事件发生的六年前，患者曾接受过全腹部手术，并于6月1日至12月1日期间接受过全腹部手术，但因卵巢囊肿而接受过全腹部手术。她没有服用激素替代或任何其他药物。她没有任何精神疾病的家族史。精神状态检查显示轻度抑郁和睡眠障碍。患者被诊断为重度抑郁症，部分缓解，伴有艾司西酞普兰的溢乳。她的身体和神经检查正常，除了溢乳。血清催乳素水平正常(10.03 ng/ml)。在一天的同一时间重复测量血清催乳素水平正常。实验室检查正常，但卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素因卵巢切除后状态而高。MRI o f t h e b r n n d h p o p h y我年代,b r e s t超声,细胞学检查是正常的。因此，我们得出结论，溢乳与艾司西酞普兰有关，因此停止艾司西酞普兰治疗。建议患者一周内避免性交和乳房刺激。停用艾司西酞普兰4天后，溢乳减少。停用艾司西酞普兰后第10天和第4周再次检查血清催乳素水平，仍属正常。根据纳兰霍因果关系量表(得分为7分)3，不良反应可能是由艾司西酞普兰引起的。后予舍曲林50mg /d治疗抑郁症。随访6个月，患者服用舍曲林维持良好，血清催乳素水平正常，无乳溢。有关于……的报道。
{"title":"Euprolactinemic Galactorrhea Associated with Escitalopram in a Postmenopausal Woman","authors":"K. Demi̇rci̇, Mustafa Ünübol, Cafer Çağrı Korucu, S. Demirci","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20150215102744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20150215102744","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine and reproductive side effects associated with escitalopram are rarely reported1. There are a few case reports of euprolactinemic galactorrhea associated with the use of escitalopram 1,2. Here, we report a postmenopausal woman who developed euprolactinemic galactorrhea while on escitalopram. A 32-year-old, married woman presented to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of galactorrhea from both breasts, occurring for one month. She had begun treatment for depression with escitalopram 10 mg/day four months earlier; she reported improvement in the depressive symptoms at four weeks of treatment. However, she had developed galactorrhea, which had lasted for a month. Six years prior to this event, the patient had undergone total abdominal h y s t e r e c t o m y a n d b i l a t e r a l s a l p i n g o-oophorectomy due to ovarian cysts; she was not on hormone replacement or any other medications. She did not have any family history of psychiatric disorders. A mental status examination revealed mild depressed affect and sleep disturbance. The patient was diagnosed with major depressive disorder partly in remission and galactorrhea associated with escitalopram. Her physical and neurological examinations were normal, except for the galactorrhea. Her serum prolactin level was normal (10.03 ng/ml). Serum prolactin levels were normal in repeated measurements at the same time of day. Laboratory tests were normal except for FSH and LH, which were high due to post-oophorectomy status. MRI o f t h e b r a i n a n d h y p o p h y s i s , b r e a s t ultrasonography, and cytological examination were normal. As a result, we concluded that the galactorrhea was associated with escitalopram, and therefore escitalopram treatment was discontinued. The patient was advised to avoid coitus and breast stimulation for one week. Four days after stopping the escitalopram, the galactorrhea diminished. Serum prolactin level was checked again at ten days and at four weeks after discontinuation of escitalopram, and it was still normal. According to the Naranjo causality scale (which showed a score of 7) 3 , the adverse effect was probably caused by escitalopram. Later, the patient was prescribed sertraline 50 mg/day for depression treatment. The six-month follow-ups indicated that the patient maintained well on sertraline, her serum prolactin level was normal, and there was no galactorrhea. There are the reports of …","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90410450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20141014121024
A. Yıldırım, D. Tureli, Erbil Karaman, Yasemin Karaman
A 21 year-old woman started experiencing intermenstrual vaginal bleeding on the 6th day of initiation of escitalopram treatment for major depression which ceased 1 day after she stopped taking the drug. On escitalopram rechallenge the patient re-experienced vaginal spotting which resolved after discontinuation. There are no published reports on intermenstrual vaginal bleeding associated with escitalopram, although there are pre and postmarketing data mentioning this adverse effect. Multiple cases of menstrual disorders and vaginal bleeding with other antidepressants had been reported previously. This case supports previous unpublished data indicating escitalopram as a potential cause of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding.
{"title":"Escitalopram and Intermenstrual Vaginal Bleeding: A Probable Association","authors":"A. Yıldırım, D. Tureli, Erbil Karaman, Yasemin Karaman","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20141014121024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20141014121024","url":null,"abstract":"A 21 year-old woman started experiencing intermenstrual vaginal bleeding on the 6th day of initiation of escitalopram treatment for major depression which ceased 1 day after she stopped taking the drug. On escitalopram rechallenge the patient re-experienced vaginal spotting which resolved after discontinuation. There are no published reports on intermenstrual vaginal bleeding associated with escitalopram, although there are pre and postmarketing data mentioning this adverse effect. Multiple cases of menstrual disorders and vaginal bleeding with other antidepressants had been reported previously. This case supports previous unpublished data indicating escitalopram as a potential cause of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding.","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150207075355
A. Bolu, Süleyman Ozselek, S. Akarsu, M. Alper, A. Balıkcı
ABS TRACT: Is there a role of gender in electroconvulsive therapy response? Objective: Gender difference is a significant determinant of treatment response. As in pharmacological agents, knowledge about this difference is also important for electroconvulsive therapy as an effective treatment modality. The current study aimed to examine the gender differences in terms of indications for electroconvulsive therapy, responses to treatment, and side effects that occur during its application. Methods: The hospital records of 176 adult patients (39 females and 137 males) having undergone bilateral temporal electroconvulsive therapy under anesthesia between 2007 and 2012 were examined retrospectively. Results: The mean age of women was higher than that of men, and the duration of hospitalization was longer in men. There was a significant difference between the genders in terms of the indications of electroconvulsive therapy. Major depression as a diagnosis and suicidal thoughts as an indication were more common in women, while catatonia was more common in men. The most frequent side effects were cardiovascular side effects and allergic reactions. No significant difference was determined in the response rates of the patients to electroconvulsive therapy according to their diagnosis and genders. Conclusion: Our results once again demonstrated that electroconvulsive therapy is a highly effective treatment in both genders. Some gender differences exist in terms of indication and diagnosis, although there was no difference in terms of response to electroconvulsive therapy. There is a need for prospective studies to identify the reasons for these differences.
{"title":"Is There a Role of Gender in Electroconvulsive Therapy Response","authors":"A. Bolu, Süleyman Ozselek, S. Akarsu, M. Alper, A. Balıkcı","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20150207075355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20150207075355","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: Is there a role of gender in electroconvulsive therapy response? Objective: Gender difference is a significant determinant of treatment response. As in pharmacological agents, knowledge about this difference is also important for electroconvulsive therapy as an effective treatment modality. The current study aimed to examine the gender differences in terms of indications for electroconvulsive therapy, responses to treatment, and side effects that occur during its application. Methods: The hospital records of 176 adult patients (39 females and 137 males) having undergone bilateral temporal electroconvulsive therapy under anesthesia between 2007 and 2012 were examined retrospectively. Results: The mean age of women was higher than that of men, and the duration of hospitalization was longer in men. There was a significant difference between the genders in terms of the indications of electroconvulsive therapy. Major depression as a diagnosis and suicidal thoughts as an indication were more common in women, while catatonia was more common in men. The most frequent side effects were cardiovascular side effects and allergic reactions. No significant difference was determined in the response rates of the patients to electroconvulsive therapy according to their diagnosis and genders. Conclusion: Our results once again demonstrated that electroconvulsive therapy is a highly effective treatment in both genders. Some gender differences exist in terms of indication and diagnosis, although there was no difference in terms of response to electroconvulsive therapy. There is a need for prospective studies to identify the reasons for these differences.","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89494802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20140723080053
Zeynep Şenkal, O. Yanartaş, E. Sönmez, Nilufer Subasi, Sureyya Aysun Arican, K. Sayar
ABS TRACT: Olfactory reference syndrome developed after stressful life events and response to pharmacological treatment: report of four cases Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a disorder of thought content characterized by strong beliefs in transmitting an unpleasant body odor and disturbing other people. ORS had not been recognized in the DSM-IV as a separate diagnosis; rather, it used to be categorized under delusional disorder, somatic type (DDST). Considering recent changes in the DSM-5, the syndrome is currently listed under the section of other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder with the name Jikoshu-kyofu, thus still not described as a major distinct entity. We claim that a universally accepted set of diagnostic criteria is lacking, and there is a set of overlapping symptoms with various other disorders. In this paper, we discuss four patients presenting with ORS after a triggering stressful life event from the nosological and treatment perspective, focusing primarily on antipsychotic augmentation.
{"title":"Olfactory reference syndrome developed after stressful life events and response to pharmacological treatment: report of four cases -","authors":"Zeynep Şenkal, O. Yanartaş, E. Sönmez, Nilufer Subasi, Sureyya Aysun Arican, K. Sayar","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20140723080053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20140723080053","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: Olfactory reference syndrome developed after stressful life events and response to pharmacological treatment: report of four cases Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a disorder of thought content characterized by strong beliefs in transmitting an unpleasant body odor and disturbing other people. ORS had not been recognized in the DSM-IV as a separate diagnosis; rather, it used to be categorized under delusional disorder, somatic type (DDST). Considering recent changes in the DSM-5, the syndrome is currently listed under the section of other specified obsessive-compulsive and related disorder with the name Jikoshu-kyofu, thus still not described as a major distinct entity. We claim that a universally accepted set of diagnostic criteria is lacking, and there is a set of overlapping symptoms with various other disorders. In this paper, we discuss four patients presenting with ORS after a triggering stressful life event from the nosological and treatment perspective, focusing primarily on antipsychotic augmentation.","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80271447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150404070711
F. Canan, M. Kuloğlu, Mukerrem Guven, O. Geçici
ABSTRACTObjective: The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an observer-based instrument that grades the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Our purpose was to evaluate the interrater reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the COWS.Method: Fifty-three opiate-dependent patients showing signs of opioid withdrawal were enrolled. The patients were assessed with the Turkish version of the COWS by two observers independently and simultaneously. The patients were also asked to complete the Addiction Profile Index (API). The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to determine agreement between two observers. Pearson's correlation method was utilized to analyze the correlations between the COWS and the API.Results: The interrater reliability coefficient of the items and total COWS score ranged between 0.704 and 0.921 and all correlations were highly significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.938 (first observer) and 0.917 (second observer) were obtained for the COWS. Correlation a...
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS)","authors":"F. Canan, M. Kuloğlu, Mukerrem Guven, O. Geçici","doi":"10.5455/BCP.20150404070711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/BCP.20150404070711","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTObjective: The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an observer-based instrument that grades the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Our purpose was to evaluate the interrater reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the COWS.Method: Fifty-three opiate-dependent patients showing signs of opioid withdrawal were enrolled. The patients were assessed with the Turkish version of the COWS by two observers independently and simultaneously. The patients were also asked to complete the Addiction Profile Index (API). The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to determine agreement between two observers. Pearson's correlation method was utilized to analyze the correlations between the COWS and the API.Results: The interrater reliability coefficient of the items and total COWS score ranged between 0.704 and 0.921 and all correlations were highly significant. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.938 (first observer) and 0.917 (second observer) were obtained for the COWS. Correlation a...","PeriodicalId":17852,"journal":{"name":"Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bulteni-bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88697140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20140304091103
I. Atay, Gülin Özdamar Ünal
ABSTRACTNocturnal enuresis is defined as the involuntary discharge of urine after the age of expected continence that occurs during sleep at night. Although there are a few reports in adults for no...
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Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.5455/BCP.20150825014707
B. Kerr, Curtis A. Benson, Katherine A. Mifflin, S. Jesudasan, S. Dursun, G. Baker
INTRODUCTION Chronic pain can result in impairments in quality of life, mood, sleep and cognition 1-5. A high degree of comorbidity often exists between chronic pain and psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, and the coexistence of depression and chronic pain may result in increased difficulties in treating both conditions 5-9. In the relationship between depression and pain, it appears that one can influence the development of the other, i.e., major depression can be a strong predictor of subsequently developing pain and vice versa 9. There is still considerable uncertainty about the reasons for the co-occurrence of pain and depression, although this is an active area of research 5,10-12. Patients experiencing chronic pain are often treated with antidepressants 13-18. Most of the antidepressants produce increased functional availability of the biogenic amines noradrenaline (NA) and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) 19,20 , and there is now considerable evidence also implicating GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms in the antidepressant effects of these drugs 21-23. Interestingly, these four neurotransmitter systems also appear to be involved in the development and/or modulation of pain 24-30 , suggesting common mechanisms for the development of depression and chronic pain. However, while selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) are used frequently in treatment of depression, they are not as effective as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) or serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SNRIs) for most chronic pain conditions 9,14,15,31. Since monoaminergic systems are involved in both depression and chronic pain, it is not surprising that antidepressants have been used frequently for treating chronic pain. However, it should also be noted that many antidepressants have a true analgesic effect in that they are effective at reducing pain in people without depression 5,10,13,14. Pain conditions in which antidepressants are used for treatment include irritable bowel syndrome, central pain syndrome, arthritis, fibromyalgia, low back pain, migraine, d i a b e t i c n e u r o p a t h y, c h e m o-i n d u c e d neuropathies and postherpetic neuralgia (shingles-associated pain) 5,10,14,16,17. Often these pain conditions are treated with TCAs, which are inhibitors of the reuptake of NA and 5-HT. The relative lack of responsiveness to SSRIs and relative success of TCAs in many chronic pain patients suggest that noradrenergic pathways may be more important in chronic pain than in major depressive disorder. The SNRIs are also reported to be more effective than SSRIs in the management …
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