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Using Social Media to Analyze Public Concerns and Policy Responses to COVID-19 in Hong Kong 利用社交媒体分析香港公众对COVID-19的关注和政策应对
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1145/3460124
Guanqing Liang, Jingxin Zhao, Helena Yan Ping Lau, C. Leung
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused huge economic and societal disruptions. To fight against the coronavirus, it is critical for policymakers to take swift and effective actions. In this article, we take Hong Kong as a case study, aiming to leverage social media data to support policymakers’ policy-making activities in different phases. First, in the agenda setting phase, we facilitate policymakers to identify key issues to be addressed during COVID-19. In particular, we design a novel epidemic awareness index to continuously monitor public discussion hotness of COVID-19 based on large-scale data collected from social media platforms. Then we identify the key issues by analyzing the posts and comments of the extensively discussed topics. Second, in the policy evaluation phase, we enable policymakers to conduct real-time evaluation of anti-epidemic policies. Specifically, we develop an accurate Cantonese sentiment classification model to measure the public satisfaction with anti-epidemic policies and propose a keyphrase extraction technique to further extract public opinions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which conducts a large-scale social media analysis of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. The analytical results reveal some interesting findings: (1) there is a very low correlation between the number of confirmed cases and the public discussion hotness of COVID-19. The major public concern in the early stage is the shortage of anti-epidemic items. (2) The top-3 anti-epidemic measures with the greatest public satisfaction are daily press conference on COVID-19 updates, border closure, and social distancing rules.
新冠肺炎疫情造成了巨大的经济和社会混乱。为了抗击冠状病毒,政策制定者必须采取迅速有效的行动。在本文中,我们以香港为例,旨在利用社交媒体数据来支持决策者在不同阶段的政策制定活动。首先,在议程制定阶段,我们协助政策制定者确定2019冠状病毒病期间需要解决的关键问题。特别地,我们基于社交媒体平台的大规模数据,设计了一种新型的疫情意识指数,持续监测公众对COVID-19的讨论热度。然后,我们通过分析广泛讨论的话题的帖子和评论来识别关键问题。二是在政策评估阶段,使政策制定者能够对防疫政策进行实时评估。具体而言,我们建立了准确的广东话情绪分类模型来衡量公众对防疫政策的满意度,并提出了一种关键词提取技术来进一步提取民意。据我们所知,这是第一部在香港对新冠肺炎进行大规模社交媒体分析的作品。分析结果显示了一些有趣的发现:(1)新冠肺炎确诊病例数与公众讨论热度之间的相关性非常低。防疫物资短缺是疫情初期公众关注的主要问题。(2)民众满意度最高的防疫措施前3位分别是每日新闻发布会、关闭边境和保持社交距离。
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引用次数: 2
COVID-Safe Spatial Occupancy Monitoring Using OFDM-Based Features and Passive WiFi Samples 基于ofdm特征和无源WiFi样本的新型冠状病毒安全空间占用监测
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1145/3472668
Junye Li, Aryan Sharma, Deepak Mishra, Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista, A. Seneviratne
During the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have been asking for social distancing to prevent transmission of the virus. However, enforcing such distancing has been challenging in tight spaces such as elevators and unmonitored commercial settings such as offices. This article addresses this gap by proposing a low-cost and non-intrusive method for monitoring social distancing within a given space, using Channel State Information (CSI) from passive WiFi sensing. By exploiting the frequency selective behavior of CSI with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, we achieve an improvement in accuracy over existing crowd counting works. Our system counts the number of occupants with a 93% accuracy rate in an elevator setting and predicts whether the COVID-Safe limit is breached with a 97% accuracy rate. We also demonstrate the occupant counting capability of the system in a commercial office setting, achieving 97% accuracy. Our proposed occupancy monitoring outperforms existing methods by at least 7%. Overall, the proposed framework is inexpensive, requiring only one device that passively collects data and a lightweight supervised learning algorithm for prediction. Our lightweight model and accuracy improvements are necessary contributions for WiFi-based counting to be suitable for COVID-specific applications.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,当局一直要求保持社会距离,以防止病毒传播。然而,在电梯等狭小空间和办公室等不受监控的商业环境中,实施这种距离一直是一项挑战。本文提出了一种低成本、非侵入性的方法,利用被动WiFi感知的信道状态信息(CSI)来监测给定空间内的社交距离,从而解决了这一差距。通过使用支持向量机(SVM)分类器利用CSI的频率选择行为,我们实现了比现有人群计数工作精度的提高。我们的系统在电梯设置中以93%的准确率计算乘员人数,并以97%的准确率预测是否违反了COVID-Safe限制。我们还在商业办公环境中演示了该系统的乘员计数能力,准确率达到97%。我们建议的入住率监测比现有方法至少高出7%。总的来说,所提出的框架价格低廉,只需要一个被动收集数据的设备和一个轻量级的监督学习算法进行预测。我们的轻量级模型和准确性改进是基于wifi的计数适用于特定covid应用的必要贡献。
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引用次数: 15
SymptomID: A Framework for Rapid Symptom Identification in Pandemics Using News Reports 症候群:利用新闻报道快速识别流行病症状的框架
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1145/3462441
Kang Gu, Soroush Vosoughi, T. Prioleau
The ability to quickly learn fundamentals about a new infectious disease, such as how it is transmitted, the incubation period, and related symptoms, is crucial in any novel pandemic. For instance, rapid identification of symptoms can enable interventions for dampening the spread of the disease. Traditionally, symptoms are learned from research publications associated with clinical studies. However, clinical studies are often slow and time intensive, and hence delays can have dire consequences in a rapidly spreading pandemic like we have seen with COVID-19. In this article, we introduce SymptomID, a modular artificial intelligence–based framework for rapid identification of symptoms associated with novel pandemics using publicly available news reports. SymptomID is built using the state-of-the-art natural language processing model (Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers) to extract symptoms from publicly available news reports and cluster-related symptoms together to remove redundancy. Our proposed framework requires minimal training data, because it builds on a pre-trained language model. In this study, we present a case study of SymptomID using news articles about the current COVID-19 pandemic. Our COVID-19 symptom extraction module, trained on 225 articles, achieves an F1 score of over 0.8. SymptomID can correctly identify well-established symptoms (e.g., “fever” and “cough”) and less-prevalent symptoms (e.g., “rashes,” “hair loss,” “brain fog”) associated with the novel coronavirus. We believe this framework can be extended and easily adapted in future pandemics to quickly learn relevant insights that are fundamental for understanding and combating a new infectious disease.
在任何新的大流行中,快速了解新传染病的基本知识(如传播方式、潜伏期和相关症状)的能力都是至关重要的。例如,快速识别症状可以采取干预措施,抑制疾病的传播。传统上,症状是从与临床研究相关的研究出版物中了解到的。然而,临床研究往往缓慢且耗时,因此,在像COVID-19这样迅速蔓延的大流行中,延误可能会产生可怕的后果。在本文中,我们介绍了SymptomID,这是一个基于模块化人工智能的框架,用于使用公开的新闻报道快速识别与新型流行病相关的症状。症候群使用最先进的自然语言处理模型(变压器的双向编码器表示)构建,从公开可用的新闻报道和群集相关症状中提取症状,以消除冗余。我们提出的框架需要最少的训练数据,因为它建立在预训练的语言模型上。在本研究中,我们利用有关当前COVID-19大流行的新闻文章对SymptomID进行了案例研究。我们的COVID-19症状提取模块经过225篇文章的训练,F1得分超过0.8。SymptomID可以正确识别与新型冠状病毒相关的已知症状(如“发烧”和“咳嗽”)和不太常见的症状(如“皮疹”、“脱发”、“脑雾”)。我们认为,这一框架可以在未来的大流行病中得到扩展和轻松调整,以便快速了解对理解和防治一种新的传染病至关重要的相关见解。
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引用次数: 3
Leveraging Individual and Collective Regularity to Profile and Segment User Locations from Mobile Phone Data 利用个人和集体规律从移动电话数据中分析和细分用户位置
Pub Date : 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1145/3449042
Yan Leng, Jinhuan Zhao, H. Koutsopoulos
The dynamic monitoring of home and workplace distribution is a fundamental building block for improving location-based service systems in fast-developing cities worldwide. Inferring these places is...
在全球快速发展的城市中,家庭和工作场所分布的动态监测是改进基于位置的服务系统的基本组成部分。推断这些地方……
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引用次数: 3
An Efficient Deep Learning Paradigm for Deceit Identification Test on EEG Signals 一种高效的脑电信号欺骗识别深度学习范式
Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1145/3458791
D. Edla, Shubham Dodia, Annushree Bablani, Venkatanareshbabu Kuppili
Brain-Computer Interface is the collaboration of the human brain and a device that controls the actions of a human using brain signals. Applications of brain-computer interface vary from the field ...
脑机接口是人类大脑和一种利用大脑信号控制人类行为的设备的合作。脑机接口的应用领域各不相同……
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引用次数: 2
Write Like a Pro or an Amateur? Effect of Medical Language Formality 像专业人士还是业余爱好者那样写作?医学语言形式的影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1145/3458752
Jiaheng Xie, Bin Zhang, Susan A. Brown, D. Zeng
Past years have seen rising engagement among caregivers in online health communities. Although studies indicate that this caregiver-generated online health information benefits patients, how such information can be perceived easily and correctly remains unclear. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring mechanisms to improve the perceived helpfulness of online health information. We propose a multi-method framework, including a novel Medical-Enriched DEep Learning (MEDEL) feature extraction method, econometric analyses, and a randomized experiment. The results show that when the medical language of health information is informal, the senior care information is more helpful. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation to understand the influence of language formality on many other business communications. Our proposed multi-method approach can also be generalized to investigate research questions involving complex textual features. Forum sites could leverage our proposed approach to improve the helpfulness of online health information and user satisfaction.
过去几年,护理人员对在线健康社区的参与度不断提高。尽管研究表明,这种护理人员生成的在线健康信息对患者有益,但如何能够轻松、正确地感知这些信息仍不清楚。本研究旨在通过探索提高在线健康信息感知有用性的机制来填补这一空白。我们提出了一个多方法框架,包括一种新的医学丰富深度学习(MEDEL)特征提取方法、计量经济学分析和随机实验。结果表明,当健康信息的医学语言是非正式语言时,老年护理信息更有帮助。我们的研究结果为理解语言形式对许多其他商务交际的影响提供了理论基础。我们提出的多方法方法也可以推广到研究涉及复杂文本特征的研究问题。论坛网站可以利用我们提出的方法来提高在线健康信息的有用性和用户满意度。
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引用次数: 1
Anonymization of Daily Activity Data by Using ℓ-diversity Privacy Model 基于多元隐私模型的日常活动数据匿名化
Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1145/3456876
Pooja Parameshwarappa, Zhiyuan Chen, Güneş Koru
In the age of IoT, collection of activity data has become ubiquitous. Publishing activity data can be quite useful for various purposes such as estimating the level of assistance required by older adults and facilitating early diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. However, publishing activity data comes with privacy risks: Each dimension, i.e., the activity of a person at any given point in time can be used to identify a person as well as to reveal sensitive information about the person such as not being at home at that time. Unfortunately, conventional anonymization methods have shortcomings when it comes to anonymizing activity data. Activity datasets considered for publication are often flat with many dimensions but typically not many rows, which makes the existing anonymization techniques either inapplicable due to very few rows, or else either inefficient or ineffective in preserving utility. This article proposes novel multi-level clustering-based approaches using a non-metric weighted distance measure that enforce ℓ-diversity model. Experimental results show that the proposed methods preserve data utility and are orders more efficient than the existing methods.
在物联网时代,收集活动数据已经变得无处不在。发布活动数据对于各种目的非常有用,例如估计老年人所需的援助水平,以及促进某些疾病的早期诊断和治疗。然而,发布活动数据会带来隐私风险:每个维度,即一个人在任何给定时间点的活动,都可以用来识别一个人,以及泄露关于这个人的敏感信息,比如当时不在家。不幸的是,传统的匿名化方法在匿名化活动数据时存在缺点。考虑发布的活动数据集通常是平面的,有很多维度,但通常没有很多行,这使得现有的匿名化技术要么因为行很少而不适用,要么在保持效用方面效率低下或无效。本文提出了一种新颖的基于多级聚类的方法,该方法使用非度量加权距离度量来强制执行r -分集模型。实验结果表明,所提出的方法保持了数据的实用性,并且比现有方法效率高几个数量级。
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引用次数: 4
Early Exploration of MOOCs in the U.S. Higher Education: An Absorptive Capacity Perspective 慕课在美国高等教育中的早期探索:吸收能力视角
Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1145/3456295
Peng-hsu Huang, H. Lucas
Advanced information technologies have enabled Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) , which have the potential to transform higher education around the world. Why are some institutions eager to embrace this technology-enabled model of teaching, while others remain reluctant to jump aboard? Applying the theory of absorptive capacity, we study the role of a university's educational IT capabilities in becoming an early MOOC producer. Examining the history of MOOC offerings by U.S. colleges and universities, we find that prior IT capabilities, such as (1) the use of Web 2.0, social media and other interactive tools for teaching and (2) experience with distance education and hybrid teaching, are positively associated with the early exploration of MOOCs. Interestingly, we also find that the effect of educational IT capabilities is moderated by social integration mechanisms and activation triggers. For example, when instructional IT supporting services are highly decentralized, educational IT capabilities have a greater impact on the probability of a university offering a MOOC. In addition, for colleges facing an adverse environment, such as those experience a decline in college applications, the effect of IT capabilities on the exploration of MOOCs is much stronger.
先进的信息技术使大规模开放在线课程(MOOCs)成为可能,它有可能改变世界各地的高等教育。为什么一些机构渴望接受这种技术支持的教学模式,而另一些机构却不愿意加入?运用吸收能力理论,我们研究了一所大学的教育IT能力在成为早期MOOC生产者中的作用。考察美国高校提供MOOC的历史,我们发现,先前的IT能力,如(1)使用Web 2.0、社交媒体和其他互动工具进行教学,(2)远程教育和混合教学的经验,与MOOC的早期探索呈正相关。有趣的是,我们还发现教育信息技术能力的影响受到社会整合机制和激活触发因素的调节。例如,当教学IT支持服务高度分散时,教育IT能力对大学提供MOOC的可能性有更大的影响。此外,对于面临不利环境的高校,比如申请人数下降的高校,IT能力对mooc探索的影响要大得多。
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引用次数: 2
Anonymous Blockchain-based System for Consortium 基于区块链的匿名联盟系统
Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1145/3459087
Qin Wang, Shiping Chen, Yang Xiang
Blockchain records transactions with various protection techniques against tampering. To meet the requirements on cooperation and anonymity of companies and organizations, researchers have developed a few solutions. Ring signature-based schemes allow multiple participants cooperatively to manage while preserving their individuals’ privacy. However, the solutions cannot work properly due to the increased computing complexity along with the expanded group size. In this article, we propose a Multi-center Anonymous Blockchain-based (MAB) system, with joint management for the consortium and privacy protection for the participants. To achieve that, we formalize the syntax used by the MAB system and present a general construction based on a modular design. By applying cryptographic primitives to each module, we instantiate our scheme with anonymity and decentralization. Furthermore, we carry out a comprehensive formal analysis of our exemplified scheme. A proof of concept simulation is provided to show the feasibility. The results demonstrate security and efficiency from both theoretical perspectives and practical perspectives.
区块链用各种防止篡改的保护技术记录事务。为了满足公司和组织对合作和匿名的要求,研究人员开发了一些解决方案。基于环签名的方案允许多个参与者合作管理,同时保护他们的个人隐私。然而,由于计算复杂性的增加和组规模的扩大,解决方案无法正常工作。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于多中心匿名区块链(MAB)的系统,该系统对联盟进行联合管理,并对参与者进行隐私保护。为了实现这一目标,我们形式化了MAB系统使用的语法,并提出了基于模块化设计的通用结构。通过对每个模块应用加密原语,我们实例化了具有匿名性和分散性的方案。此外,我们对我们的示例方案进行了全面的形式分析。通过概念验证仿真验证了该方法的可行性。结果从理论和实践两方面证明了该方法的安全性和有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Multi-disease Predictive Analytics: A Clinical Knowledge-aware Approach 多疾病预测分析:一种临床知识感知方法
Pub Date : 2021-05-31 DOI: 10.1145/3447942
Lin Qiu, Sruthi Gorantla, Vaibhav Rajan, Bernard C. Y. Tan
Multi-Disease Predictive Analytics (MDPA) models simultaneously predict the risks of multiple diseases in patients and are valuable in early diagnoses. Patients tend to have multiple diseases simul...
多疾病预测分析(MDPA)模型同时预测患者多种疾病的风险,在早期诊断中具有重要价值。病人往往同时患有多种疾病。
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引用次数: 2
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ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst.
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