Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.12
Leesun Kim, Geun-Hyoung Choi, Hyun Ho Noh, Hee-Dong Lee, Hak-won Lee, Kee Sung Kyung, Jin-Ho Ro
{"title":"Persistence and Degradation Pattern of Acequinocyl and Its Metabolite, Hydroxyl-Acequinocyl and Fenpyroximate in Butterburs (Petasites japonicus Max.)","authors":"Leesun Kim, Geun-Hyoung Choi, Hyun Ho Noh, Hee-Dong Lee, Hak-won Lee, Kee Sung Kyung, Jin-Ho Ro","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.01
Young-Sun Kim, Tae-Wooung Kim, Y. Kim, Yang-Ho Na, Geung-Joo Lee
Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are hydrophilic molecules that can absorb large amounts of water. This study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the physicochemical properties of sand soil blended with three SAPs imbibed with 100, 150, and 200-fold water. Three treatments were applied, namely, 100SAP, 150SAP, and 200SAP. The three SAPs were blended at concentrations of 0% (control), 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% with sand. The pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) of soil blended with the three SAPs were pH 6.35-6.46, 0.09-0.65 dS/m, and 1.42-1.92 cmol c /kg, respectively, and their capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 21.0-29.3%, 39.2-48.7%, and 272-470 mm/hr. CEC, capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil were positively correlated with the ratio of the SAPs ( p <0.01). These results indicate that blending sand soil with SAPs increased CEC, capillary porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, thus improving the nu-trient-retention capacity, water-retention capacity, and permeability of the soil.
{"title":"Enhancement of Soil Physicochemical Properties by Blending Sand with Super Absorbent Polymers of Different Swelling Capacities","authors":"Young-Sun Kim, Tae-Wooung Kim, Y. Kim, Yang-Ho Na, Geung-Joo Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Super absorbent polymers (SAPs) are hydrophilic molecules that can absorb large amounts of water. This study was conducted to investigate the enhancement of the physicochemical properties of sand soil blended with three SAPs imbibed with 100, 150, and 200-fold water. Three treatments were applied, namely, 100SAP, 150SAP, and 200SAP. The three SAPs were blended at concentrations of 0% (control), 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% with sand. The pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) of soil blended with the three SAPs were pH 6.35-6.46, 0.09-0.65 dS/m, and 1.42-1.92 cmol c /kg, respectively, and their capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 21.0-29.3%, 39.2-48.7%, and 272-470 mm/hr. CEC, capillary porosity, total porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil were positively correlated with the ratio of the SAPs ( p <0.01). These results indicate that blending sand soil with SAPs increased CEC, capillary porosity, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, thus improving the nu-trient-retention capacity, water-retention capacity, and permeability of the soil.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85599060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.08
S. Bae, Sun-Jin Hwang, Youn Jung Kim, C. Jeong, Seong Yun Kim, K. Ryoo
This study focused on determining the specific causes and prevention methods of mass fish deaths occurred in five reservoirs (Gagugi, Neupgokgi, Danggokgi, Sagokji, and Hangokji) in Andong-si. For this purpose, a survey of agricultural land and livestock in the upper part of the reservoirs and analysis of water quality in the reservoir irre-spective of whether it rains or not were conducted. We at-tempted to examine the changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface and bottom layers of reservoirs and changes in DO depending on the amount of livestock compost and time. Based on the above investigations, treatment plans were established to efficiently control the inflow of con-taminated water into reservoirs. The rainfall and farmland areas in the upper part of the reservoir were investigated using Google and aviation data provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The current status of livestock farms distributed around the reservoirs was also examined because compost from these farms can flow into the reservoir when it rains. Various water quality pa-rameters, such as phosphate phosphorus (PO 4 -P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 3 -N), were analyzed and compared for each reservoir during the rainy season. Changes in the DO concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were also observed at the inlet of the reservoir during raining using an automated instrument. In addition, DO was meas-ured until the concentration reached 0 ppm in 10 min by adding livestock compost at various concentrations (0.05%,
{"title":"Study on Causes and Countermeasures for the Mass Death of Fish in Reservoirs in Andong-si","authors":"S. Bae, Sun-Jin Hwang, Youn Jung Kim, C. Jeong, Seong Yun Kim, K. Ryoo","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on determining the specific causes and prevention methods of mass fish deaths occurred in five reservoirs (Gagugi, Neupgokgi, Danggokgi, Sagokji, and Hangokji) in Andong-si. For this purpose, a survey of agricultural land and livestock in the upper part of the reservoirs and analysis of water quality in the reservoir irre-spective of whether it rains or not were conducted. We at-tempted to examine the changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface and bottom layers of reservoirs and changes in DO depending on the amount of livestock compost and time. Based on the above investigations, treatment plans were established to efficiently control the inflow of con-taminated water into reservoirs. The rainfall and farmland areas in the upper part of the reservoir were investigated using Google and aviation data provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The current status of livestock farms distributed around the reservoirs was also examined because compost from these farms can flow into the reservoir when it rains. Various water quality pa-rameters, such as phosphate phosphorus (PO 4 -P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 3 -N), were analyzed and compared for each reservoir during the rainy season. Changes in the DO concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were also observed at the inlet of the reservoir during raining using an automated instrument. In addition, DO was meas-ured until the concentration reached 0 ppm in 10 min by adding livestock compost at various concentrations (0.05%,","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81884081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.04
Alice H. Oh, Sun-Woo Ban, Hee-Ra Chang
Pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) have been proposed as criteria for a proactive role to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) of pesticides in agricultural products at harvest. However, PHRL numbers are significantly less than those of established MRLs. This study was performed to determine the dissipation constants and residual con-centrations of lufenuron after application on crown daisy and chamnamul under green house conditions. Two residue field trials for each crown daisy and chamnamul were selected to consider a different geographical site at least 20 km far from one another. The pesticide was treated ac-cording to critical GAP. After samples were sprayed with lufenuron, they were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days and analyzed using HPLC-DAD. The mean recov-eries of crown daisy and chamnamul were within the range of 70-120% with below 20% coefficient variation, which is within the acceptable limits specified by the manual of pre-harvest residue study for pesticides (MFDS, 2014). The biological half-lives in field I and field II were 7.0 and 4.6 days for crown daisy and 2.7 and 2.8 days for chamnamul, respectively. The lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals of dissipation rate constants of lufenuron in crown daisy were determined to be 0.0692 and 0.1298 for field I and field II, respectively, and in chamnamul were 0.2067 for both field I and field II. After applying lufenuron 5% EC, the lufenuron residues on crown daisy and chamnamul at the pre-harvest intervals (14 days for crown daisy and 7 days for chamnamul) were below the safe lev-els. The dissipation rates of lufenuron in crown daisy and chamnamul were evaluated for similarities with leafy vegetables based on a 95% confidence interval.
{"title":"Residual Characteristics of Lufenuron in Crown Daisy and Chamnamul for Establishing Pre-Harvest Residue Limit","authors":"Alice H. Oh, Sun-Woo Ban, Hee-Ra Chang","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) have been proposed as criteria for a proactive role to exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) of pesticides in agricultural products at harvest. However, PHRL numbers are significantly less than those of established MRLs. This study was performed to determine the dissipation constants and residual con-centrations of lufenuron after application on crown daisy and chamnamul under green house conditions. Two residue field trials for each crown daisy and chamnamul were selected to consider a different geographical site at least 20 km far from one another. The pesticide was treated ac-cording to critical GAP. After samples were sprayed with lufenuron, they were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days and analyzed using HPLC-DAD. The mean recov-eries of crown daisy and chamnamul were within the range of 70-120% with below 20% coefficient variation, which is within the acceptable limits specified by the manual of pre-harvest residue study for pesticides (MFDS, 2014). The biological half-lives in field I and field II were 7.0 and 4.6 days for crown daisy and 2.7 and 2.8 days for chamnamul, respectively. The lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals of dissipation rate constants of lufenuron in crown daisy were determined to be 0.0692 and 0.1298 for field I and field II, respectively, and in chamnamul were 0.2067 for both field I and field II. After applying lufenuron 5% EC, the lufenuron residues on crown daisy and chamnamul at the pre-harvest intervals (14 days for crown daisy and 7 days for chamnamul) were below the safe lev-els. The dissipation rates of lufenuron in crown daisy and chamnamul were evaluated for similarities with leafy vegetables based on a 95% confidence interval.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76178521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.07
Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim
Nitrogen fertilizer is an essential macronutrient that re-quires repeated input for crop cultivation. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can adversely affect the environ-ment by discharging NH 3 , NO, and N 2 O into the air and leaching into surrounding water systems through rainfall runoff. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used without compromising crop yields. Fertilizer deep placement could be a technology employed to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use. In this study, a deep fertilization device that can be coupled to a tractor and used to inject fertilizer into the soil was developed. The deep fertilization device consisted of a tractor attachment part, fertilizer amount control and supply part, and an underground fertilizer input part. The fertilization depth was designed to be adjustable from the soil surface down to a depth of 40 cm in the soil. This device injected fertilizer at a speed of 2,000 m 2 /hr to a depth of 25 to 30 cm through an underground fertilizer injection pipe while being attached to and towed by a 62-horsepower agricultural tractor. Fur-thermore, it had no difficulty in employing various fertilizers currently utilized in agricultural fields, and it oper-ated well. It could also perform fertilization and plowing work, thereby further simplifying agricultural labor. In this study, a newly developed device was used to inves-tigate the effects of deep fertilizer placement (FDP) com-pared to those with urea surface broadcasting, in terms of rice and soybean grain yields. FDP increased the number of rice grains, resulting in an average improvement of 9% in rice yields across three regions. It also increased the number of soybean pods, resulting in an average increase of 23% in soybean yields across the three regions. The re-sults of this study suggest that the newly developed deep fertilization device can efficiently and rapidly inject fertilizer into the soil at depths of 25 to 30 cm. This fertilizer deep placement strategy will be an effective fertilizer application method used to increase rice and soybean yields, in addition to reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, under con-ventional rice and soybean cultivation conditions.
{"title":"Effect of Fertilizer Deep Placement on Rice and Soybean Yield Using Newly Developed Device for Deep Fertilization","authors":"Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilizer is an essential macronutrient that re-quires repeated input for crop cultivation. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can adversely affect the environ-ment by discharging NH 3 , NO, and N 2 O into the air and leaching into surrounding water systems through rainfall runoff. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used without compromising crop yields. Fertilizer deep placement could be a technology employed to increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use. In this study, a deep fertilization device that can be coupled to a tractor and used to inject fertilizer into the soil was developed. The deep fertilization device consisted of a tractor attachment part, fertilizer amount control and supply part, and an underground fertilizer input part. The fertilization depth was designed to be adjustable from the soil surface down to a depth of 40 cm in the soil. This device injected fertilizer at a speed of 2,000 m 2 /hr to a depth of 25 to 30 cm through an underground fertilizer injection pipe while being attached to and towed by a 62-horsepower agricultural tractor. Fur-thermore, it had no difficulty in employing various fertilizers currently utilized in agricultural fields, and it oper-ated well. It could also perform fertilization and plowing work, thereby further simplifying agricultural labor. In this study, a newly developed device was used to inves-tigate the effects of deep fertilizer placement (FDP) com-pared to those with urea surface broadcasting, in terms of rice and soybean grain yields. FDP increased the number of rice grains, resulting in an average improvement of 9% in rice yields across three regions. It also increased the number of soybean pods, resulting in an average increase of 23% in soybean yields across the three regions. The re-sults of this study suggest that the newly developed deep fertilization device can efficiently and rapidly inject fertilizer into the soil at depths of 25 to 30 cm. This fertilizer deep placement strategy will be an effective fertilizer application method used to increase rice and soybean yields, in addition to reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, under con-ventional rice and soybean cultivation conditions.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90352488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.02
Seon Hui Kim, Gaeun Kim, E. H. Jho
Biodegradation of antibiotics in soil can be affected by various environmental factors. This study was set to in-vestigate the effect of environmental conditions such as soil pH and temperature on the degradation of oxolinic acid (OA), one of the agricultural antibiotics used in South Korea, in soil. Rice paddy soil (RS) and field soil (FS) were contaminated with OA and the soil pH was adjusted to 5.7±0.2, 6.8±0.2, and 7.6±0.1. The soil samples were kept at different temperatures (2.3±0.2, 23.0±0.6, 30.5± 0.3℃) for 30 d. The changes in the OA concentrations were determined at selected times. With the RS and FS, the OA removal was not affected by the soil pH used in this study; however, at pH 7.6, the OA removal in the RS was greater than that in the FS, which can be attributed to the different soil properties. The OA removal was similar at 23.0 and 30.5℃ in both soils, but was lower at 2.3℃. The information on the effect of different environmental conditions on the degradation of antibiotics in soil is very limited. Therefore, further studies are needed to better manage the residual antibiotics in the agricultural environment.
{"title":"Effect of Soil pH and Temperature on the Biodegradation of an Agricultural Antibiotic Oxolinic Acid","authors":"Seon Hui Kim, Gaeun Kim, E. H. Jho","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradation of antibiotics in soil can be affected by various environmental factors. This study was set to in-vestigate the effect of environmental conditions such as soil pH and temperature on the degradation of oxolinic acid (OA), one of the agricultural antibiotics used in South Korea, in soil. Rice paddy soil (RS) and field soil (FS) were contaminated with OA and the soil pH was adjusted to 5.7±0.2, 6.8±0.2, and 7.6±0.1. The soil samples were kept at different temperatures (2.3±0.2, 23.0±0.6, 30.5± 0.3℃) for 30 d. The changes in the OA concentrations were determined at selected times. With the RS and FS, the OA removal was not affected by the soil pH used in this study; however, at pH 7.6, the OA removal in the RS was greater than that in the FS, which can be attributed to the different soil properties. The OA removal was similar at 23.0 and 30.5℃ in both soils, but was lower at 2.3℃. The information on the effect of different environmental conditions on the degradation of antibiotics in soil is very limited. Therefore, further studies are needed to better manage the residual antibiotics in the agricultural environment.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90043335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.09
Hyo Jung Choi, S. Seo, Seon-u Choi, Chang-Kyu Lee, M. Uhm, J. Kim, Minde An, W. Choi
Golden apple snails ( Pomacea canaliculat ) (GAS) are widely used for weed control in rice cultivation. However, concerns on the ecological risk of invasive GAS species are increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the overall impacts of GAS on weed control, abundance of aquatic animals and insects, and rice yield, in comparison with that from other biocontrol agents such as loach ( Misgurnus mizolepis ) and catfish ( Silurus asotus ), which are alter-natives for biological weed control in rice paddy cultivation. Field experiments included five treatments; control, herbicide, GAS, loach, and catfish. During the rice growth, weed appearance and biological abundance were monitored, and at harvest, the rice yield was determined. Weed control efficiency was the highest for GAS treatment (100%), followed by that for herbicide (95.8%), loach (57.5%), and catfish treatments (31.7%). Insect abundance was considerably decreased in GAS treatment due to heavy weed removal, which affects the habitat of aquatic animals and insects. The amount of rice yield (unit: kg 10 a -1 ) was in the order of GAS (798.9) > loach (708.1) = herbicide (700.7) > catfish (629.4) > control (496.0). Therefore, considering the weed control efficiency, biological abudance, and rice yield, loach could be a potential
金苹果螺(Pomacea canaliculat, GAS)在水稻种植中广泛应用于杂草防治。然而，人们对入侵气体物种的生态风险越来越关注。本研究旨在评价瓦斯对稻田杂草控制、水生动物和昆虫丰度以及水稻产量的总体影响，并与其他生物防治剂如泥鳅(Misgurnus mizolepis)和鲶鱼(Silurus asotus)进行比较，这些生物防治剂是水稻种植中生物防治杂草的替代品。田间试验包括5个处理;控制，除草剂，气体，泥鳅和鲶鱼。在水稻生长期间，监测杂草的出现和生物丰度，并在收获时确定水稻产量。除杂草效果以气体处理最高(100%)，其次为除草剂(95.8%)、泥鳅(57.5%)和鲶鱼处理(31.7%)。由于大量除草，气体处理导致昆虫丰度显著降低，影响了水生动物和昆虫的栖息地。水稻产量(单位:kg 10 a -1)为:瓦斯(798.9)、泥鳅(708.1)=除草剂(700.7)、鲶鱼(629.4)、对照(496.0)。因此，从控制杂草的效率、生物丰度和水稻产量等方面考虑，泥鳅可能是一种潜在的植物
{"title":"Effects of Biocontrol Agents on Weed Control, Abundance of Aquatic Animals and Insects, and Yield in Paddy Rice Fields","authors":"Hyo Jung Choi, S. Seo, Seon-u Choi, Chang-Kyu Lee, M. Uhm, J. Kim, Minde An, W. Choi","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Golden apple snails ( Pomacea canaliculat ) (GAS) are widely used for weed control in rice cultivation. However, concerns on the ecological risk of invasive GAS species are increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the overall impacts of GAS on weed control, abundance of aquatic animals and insects, and rice yield, in comparison with that from other biocontrol agents such as loach ( Misgurnus mizolepis ) and catfish ( Silurus asotus ), which are alter-natives for biological weed control in rice paddy cultivation. Field experiments included five treatments; control, herbicide, GAS, loach, and catfish. During the rice growth, weed appearance and biological abundance were monitored, and at harvest, the rice yield was determined. Weed control efficiency was the highest for GAS treatment (100%), followed by that for herbicide (95.8%), loach (57.5%), and catfish treatments (31.7%). Insect abundance was considerably decreased in GAS treatment due to heavy weed removal, which affects the habitat of aquatic animals and insects. The amount of rice yield (unit: kg 10 a -1 ) was in the order of GAS (798.9) > loach (708.1) = herbicide (700.7) > catfish (629.4) > control (496.0). Therefore, considering the weed control efficiency, biological abudance, and rice yield, loach could be a potential","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80710390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.03
Young-Sun Kim, Geung-Joo Lee
Light is an important factor that influences the growth and development of flowering plants. The present study investigated the effects of in vitro acclimatization to different light colors (white light (WL; control), blue light (BL; 447 nm), green light (GL; 519 nm), and red light (RL; 667 nm)) on the growth of petunia ( Petunia hybrida ) and of hardening cultivation of plant transferred form in vitro to a greenhouse under sunlight. Compared to the control, the shoot length and leaf width of Petunia increased by 42% and 11.7%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and the shoot growth increased by 29.3% after acclimatization to RL. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents after acclimatization to BL and GL were 16.7% and 11.3% higher, respectively, and 14.4% and 11.9% higher, respectively, than those in the control. During greenhouse cultivation, the shoot length increased by 16.7% and 11.3%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and RL, respectively, and the leaf length and leaf width increased by 14.4% and 11.9%, respectively, after acclimatization to GL. While dry weight of root of GL and BL was not significant differ-ence in vitro , increased by 59.0% and 22.9% ex vitro than that of WL. Thus, acclimatization to BL increased the shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll contents, and acclimatization to GL and RL enhanced shoot and root growth, in petunia.
{"title":"Effects of Acclimatization to Different Light Colors on the Growth of Petunia (Petunia hybrida) in a Greenhouse","authors":"Young-Sun Kim, Geung-Joo Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Light is an important factor that influences the growth and development of flowering plants. The present study investigated the effects of in vitro acclimatization to different light colors (white light (WL; control), blue light (BL; 447 nm), green light (GL; 519 nm), and red light (RL; 667 nm)) on the growth of petunia ( Petunia hybrida ) and of hardening cultivation of plant transferred form in vitro to a greenhouse under sunlight. Compared to the control, the shoot length and leaf width of Petunia increased by 42% and 11.7%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and the shoot growth increased by 29.3% after acclimatization to RL. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents after acclimatization to BL and GL were 16.7% and 11.3% higher, respectively, and 14.4% and 11.9% higher, respectively, than those in the control. During greenhouse cultivation, the shoot length increased by 16.7% and 11.3%, respectively, after acclimatization to BL and RL, respectively, and the leaf length and leaf width increased by 14.4% and 11.9%, respectively, after acclimatization to GL. While dry weight of root of GL and BL was not significant differ-ence in vitro , increased by 59.0% and 22.9% ex vitro than that of WL. Thus, acclimatization to BL increased the shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll contents, and acclimatization to GL and RL enhanced shoot and root growth, in petunia.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88890068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.10
Ji Young Kim, Hyo-Jin Kim, Su Jung Lee, Sujin Lim, Gui-Hyun Jang, Guiim Moon, J. M. Lee
An accurate and easy-to-use analytical method for determining isocycloseram and its metabolites (SYN549431 and SYN548569) residue is necessary in various food matrixes. Additionally, this method should satisfy domestic and international guidelines (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/ GL 40). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectro-metry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the isocyclo-seram and its metabolites residue in foods. To determine the residue and its metabolites, a sample was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous and 1 g sodium chloride and centrifuged (4,700 G , 10 min, 4℃). To remove the interferences and moisture, d-SPE cartridge was performed before LC-MS/MS analysis with C 18 column. To verify the method, a total of five agricultural commodities (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, and red pepper) were used as a representative group. The matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) ≥ 0.99 at a calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average recoveries were 71.5-109.8% and precision was less than 10% for all five samples. In addition, inter-laboratory validation testing revealed that average recovery was 75.4-107.0% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was below 19.4%. The method is suitable for MFDS, CODEX, and EU guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food ma-trixes in routine analysis.
{"title":"Study Analysis of Isocycloseram and Its Metabolites in Agricultural Food Commodities","authors":"Ji Young Kim, Hyo-Jin Kim, Su Jung Lee, Sujin Lim, Gui-Hyun Jang, Guiim Moon, J. M. Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate and easy-to-use analytical method for determining isocycloseram and its metabolites (SYN549431 and SYN548569) residue is necessary in various food matrixes. Additionally, this method should satisfy domestic and international guidelines (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/ GL 40). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectro-metry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the isocyclo-seram and its metabolites residue in foods. To determine the residue and its metabolites, a sample was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous and 1 g sodium chloride and centrifuged (4,700 G , 10 min, 4℃). To remove the interferences and moisture, d-SPE cartridge was performed before LC-MS/MS analysis with C 18 column. To verify the method, a total of five agricultural commodities (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, and red pepper) were used as a representative group. The matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficients of determination (R 2 ) ≥ 0.99 at a calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average recoveries were 71.5-109.8% and precision was less than 10% for all five samples. In addition, inter-laboratory validation testing revealed that average recovery was 75.4-107.0% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was below 19.4%. The method is suitable for MFDS, CODEX, and EU guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food ma-trixes in routine analysis.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73604423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.05
Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim, Seong-Jik Park
Nitrogen fertilizers applied to agricultural lands for crop cultivation can be volatilized as ammonia. The released ammonia can catalyze the formation of ultrafine dust (particulate matter, PM2.5), classified as a short-lived climate change pollutant, in the atmosphere. Currently, one of the prominent methods for fertilizer application in agricultural lands is soil surface application, which comprises spraying the fertilizers onto the soil surface, followed by mixing the fertilizers with the soil. Owing to the low nitrogen absorption rate of crops, when nitrogen fertilizers are applied in this manner, they can be lost from land surfaces through volatilization. Therefore, investigating a new fertilization method to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is nece-ssary. In this study, to develop a method for reducing ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil surfaces, deep fertilization was conducted using a newly developed deep fertilization device, and ammonia emissions from barley, garlic, and onion fields were examined. Conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were conducted for analysis. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate used for barley, and deep fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizers was implemented. Ammonia emissions were collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and quantified subsequently susing the indole-phenol blue method. Ammonia emissions released from the basal fertilizer application persisted for approximately 58 d, begin-ning from approximately 3 d after fertilization in conventional treatments; however, ammonia was not released from deep fertilization. Moreover, barley, garlic, and onion yields were higher in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. In con-clusion, a new fertilization method was identified as an al-ternative to the current approach of spraying fertilizers on the soil surface. This new method, which involves inject-ing nitrogen fertilizers at a soil depth of
{"title":"Understanding the Effects of Deep Fertilization on Upland Crop Cultivation and Ammonia Emissions using a Newly Developed Deep Fertilization Device","authors":"Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim, Seong-Jik Park","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilizers applied to agricultural lands for crop cultivation can be volatilized as ammonia. The released ammonia can catalyze the formation of ultrafine dust (particulate matter, PM2.5), classified as a short-lived climate change pollutant, in the atmosphere. Currently, one of the prominent methods for fertilizer application in agricultural lands is soil surface application, which comprises spraying the fertilizers onto the soil surface, followed by mixing the fertilizers with the soil. Owing to the low nitrogen absorption rate of crops, when nitrogen fertilizers are applied in this manner, they can be lost from land surfaces through volatilization. Therefore, investigating a new fertilization method to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is nece-ssary. In this study, to develop a method for reducing ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil surfaces, deep fertilization was conducted using a newly developed deep fertilization device, and ammonia emissions from barley, garlic, and onion fields were examined. Conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were conducted for analysis. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate used for barley, and deep fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizers was implemented. Ammonia emissions were collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and quantified subsequently susing the indole-phenol blue method. Ammonia emissions released from the basal fertilizer application persisted for approximately 58 d, begin-ning from approximately 3 d after fertilization in conventional treatments; however, ammonia was not released from deep fertilization. Moreover, barley, garlic, and onion yields were higher in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. In con-clusion, a new fertilization method was identified as an al-ternative to the current approach of spraying fertilizers on the soil surface. This new method, which involves inject-ing nitrogen fertilizers at a soil depth of","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82050568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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