Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.27
Seonjin Lee, WonSuk Sung, Donguk Park, Pilsoo Jeong
Variation of CO2 Concentration in Greenhouses and Effects on Growth and Yield in Alstroemeria with CO2 Supplementation-Controlled environment agriculture,Elevated CO2,Growth
温室CO2浓度的变化及对补CO2的桤木生长和产量的影响-控制环境农业，CO2升高，生长
{"title":"Variation of CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Greenhouses and Effects on Growth and Yield in Alstroemeria with CO<sub>2</sub> Supplementation","authors":"Seonjin Lee, WonSuk Sung, Donguk Park, Pilsoo Jeong","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Variation of CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration in Greenhouses and Effects on Growth and Yield in <italic>Alstroemeria</italic> with CO<sub>2</sub> Supplementation-Controlled environment agriculture,Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>,Growth","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.26
Seung Won Lee, Ji Hyun Yoon, Ji Yu Kim, Da Jung Lim, Hyung Wook Jo, Joon Kwan Moon, Hye-Min Gwak, Hee-Ra Chang, In Seon Kim
Evaluation of Total Residues of Imidacloprid in Livestock Products from Domestic Markets by using a Simultaneous Analytical Method Based on QuEChERS-Imidacloprid,Livestock product,Neonicotinoid,Pesticide,QuEChERS
{"title":"Evaluation of Total Residues of Imidacloprid in Livestock Products from Domestic Markets by using a Simultaneous Analytical Method Based on QuEChERS","authors":"Seung Won Lee, Ji Hyun Yoon, Ji Yu Kim, Da Jung Lim, Hyung Wook Jo, Joon Kwan Moon, Hye-Min Gwak, Hee-Ra Chang, In Seon Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of Total Residues of Imidacloprid in Livestock Products from Domestic Markets by using a Simultaneous Analytical Method Based on QuEChERS-Imidacloprid,Livestock product,Neonicotinoid,Pesticide,QuEChERS","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136277016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.11
Daeik Kim, S. Hwang, S. Bae, K. Ryoo
Excess N and P from the livestock manure applied to farm-lands, have entered the water systems and poses a serious threat to the natural environment. Consequently, there has been recent awareness towards the management of live-stock manure and its related fields. In this study, piggery wastewater was collected from a piggery in Pohang city, Korea. At 800℃, thermal decomposition of a natural stone, magnesite (MgCO 3 ), yielded powered MgO with particle sizes ranging between 10 to 100 µm. Furthermore, NH 4+ -N and PO 43– -P were recovered as struvite precipitates from the piggery wastewater, by adjusting the pH with MgO and H 3 PO 4 . At pH 10, the recovery efficiencies of NH 4+ -N and PO 43– -P were found to be 86.1% and 94.1%, respectively. Using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), the struvite in the precipitate was confirmed to be consistent with standard pure struvite. Further, the purity of the stru-vite precipitate was analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and thermal gravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and found to be between 79.2% and 93.0%. Additionally, struvite-containing piggery waste-water and sawdust were mixed in a weight ratio of 2.5:1 and processed into a mature compost. The newly manufactured compost passed all quality standards required for first-class graded livestock composts. Moreover, this compost was sprayed directly onto the soil at the test site, and various parameters of the soil’s effluent, such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), and dissolved oxygen (DO), were analyzed and measured. Based on these results, it is determined that the newly manufactured compost can more significantly reduce water pollution than commercial compost.
{"title":"Recovery of Ammonium Nitrogen and Phosphate from the Piggery Wastewater as Struvite and Its Assessment for the Reduction of Water Pollution Through the Field Test","authors":"Daeik Kim, S. Hwang, S. Bae, K. Ryoo","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Excess N and P from the livestock manure applied to farm-lands, have entered the water systems and poses a serious threat to the natural environment. Consequently, there has been recent awareness towards the management of live-stock manure and its related fields. In this study, piggery wastewater was collected from a piggery in Pohang city, Korea. At 800℃, thermal decomposition of a natural stone, magnesite (MgCO 3 ), yielded powered MgO with particle sizes ranging between 10 to 100 µm. Furthermore, NH 4+ -N and PO 43– -P were recovered as struvite precipitates from the piggery wastewater, by adjusting the pH with MgO and H 3 PO 4 . At pH 10, the recovery efficiencies of NH 4+ -N and PO 43– -P were found to be 86.1% and 94.1%, respectively. Using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), the struvite in the precipitate was confirmed to be consistent with standard pure struvite. Further, the purity of the stru-vite precipitate was analyzed using an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and thermal gravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and found to be between 79.2% and 93.0%. Additionally, struvite-containing piggery waste-water and sawdust were mixed in a weight ratio of 2.5:1 and processed into a mature compost. The newly manufactured compost passed all quality standards required for first-class graded livestock composts. Moreover, this compost was sprayed directly onto the soil at the test site, and various parameters of the soil’s effluent, such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P), and dissolved oxygen (DO), were analyzed and measured. Based on these results, it is determined that the newly manufactured compost can more significantly reduce water pollution than commercial compost.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85118088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.15
Jae Gyeong Jung, Eun Seol Jeong, Eon-ju Jin, Jun-Hyuck Yoon, K. Jeon, Jin Joong Kim, Eun-Ji Bae
The RGB (red, green, and blue) imagery analysis is an important remote sensing tool, which estimates the effect of environmental stress on turfgrass growth and physiology. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of continuous wear stress treatment on Zoysia japonica through RGB imagery analysis. The results of the growth measurement showed that the plant height substantially decreased, after nine hours of treatment with no considerable difference thereafter. Dry weight measurement showed a substantial difference in the morphological growth characteristics of the aerial part of the turfgrass, but none in the stolon and root zone. This could be attributed to the short period of compaction treatment. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) analysis showed that ROS rapidly increased due to wear stress treatment. The MDA content increased during the traffic process, whereas the green pixels increased and decreased repeatedly; however, overall, the trend declined but the overall trend decreased. Thus, this study confirmed that MDA was effective in reflecting the wear stress of turfgrass; however, it could through RGB image analysis.
{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Wear Stress Due to Traffic in Zoysia Japonica cv. ‘Zenith’ Using Non-Destructive RGB Image Analysis","authors":"Jae Gyeong Jung, Eun Seol Jeong, Eon-ju Jin, Jun-Hyuck Yoon, K. Jeon, Jin Joong Kim, Eun-Ji Bae","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The RGB (red, green, and blue) imagery analysis is an important remote sensing tool, which estimates the effect of environmental stress on turfgrass growth and physiology. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of continuous wear stress treatment on Zoysia japonica through RGB imagery analysis. The results of the growth measurement showed that the plant height substantially decreased, after nine hours of treatment with no considerable difference thereafter. Dry weight measurement showed a substantial difference in the morphological growth characteristics of the aerial part of the turfgrass, but none in the stolon and root zone. This could be attributed to the short period of compaction treatment. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) analysis showed that ROS rapidly increased due to wear stress treatment. The MDA content increased during the traffic process, whereas the green pixels increased and decreased repeatedly; however, overall, the trend declined but the overall trend decreased. Thus, this study confirmed that MDA was effective in reflecting the wear stress of turfgrass; however, it could through RGB image analysis.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88143525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.17
Su Jung Lee, Jung Mi Lee, Gui-Hyun Jang, Hyun-Kyung Kim, 지영 김
Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used in agriculture because they have a long residual period and high selectivity. An analytical method was developed using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique for simultaneous determination of sulfonylurea herbicide residues in agricultural products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and for establishment MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) of those herbicides in Korea. Extraction was performed using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with MgSO 4 (anhydrous magnesium sulfate) and NaCl (sodium chloride) and the extract was cleaned up using MgSO 4 and C 18 (octadecyl). The matrix-matched calibration curves were composed of 7 concentration levels from 0.001 to 0.25 mg/kg and their coefficients of determination (R 2 ) exceeded 0.99. The recoveries of three spiking levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, 50LOQ, n =5) were in the range of 71.7-114.9% with relative standard deviations of less than 20.0% for all the five agriculture products. All validation values met criteria of the European Union SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines and Food and Drug Safety Evaluation guidelines. Therefore, the proposed analytical method was accurate, effective, and sensitive for sulfonylurea herbicide residues determination in agricultural commodities.
磺酰脲类除草剂因其残留期长、选择性高而广泛应用于农业。采用QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe)技术建立了液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定农产品中磺酰脲类除草剂残留的分析方法，并建立了国内磺酰脲类除草剂的最大残留限量(MRL)。用含0.1%甲酸的乙腈、mgso4(无水硫酸镁)和NaCl(氯化钠)进行萃取，用mgso4和c18(十八烷基)对萃取物进行净化。基质匹配校准曲线由0.001 ~ 0.25 mg/kg 7个浓度水平组成，其测定系数(r2)均大于0.99。3个添加水平(LOQ、10LOQ、50LOQ, n =5)的加样回收率在71.7 ~ 114.9%之间，相对标准偏差均小于20.0%。所有验证值均符合欧盟SANTE/11312/2021指南和食品药品安全评价指南的标准。因此，该分析方法准确、有效、灵敏，可用于农产品中磺酰脲类除草剂残留的检测。
{"title":"Development of the Simultaneous Analysis of 36 Sulfonylurea Herbicide Residues in Agricultural Products Using LC-MS/MS","authors":"Su Jung Lee, Jung Mi Lee, Gui-Hyun Jang, Hyun-Kyung Kim, 지영 김","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used in agriculture because they have a long residual period and high selectivity. An analytical method was developed using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique for simultaneous determination of sulfonylurea herbicide residues in agricultural products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and for establishment MRL (Maximum Residue Limit) of those herbicides in Korea. Extraction was performed using acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with MgSO 4 (anhydrous magnesium sulfate) and NaCl (sodium chloride) and the extract was cleaned up using MgSO 4 and C 18 (octadecyl). The matrix-matched calibration curves were composed of 7 concentration levels from 0.001 to 0.25 mg/kg and their coefficients of determination (R 2 ) exceeded 0.99. The recoveries of three spiking levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, 50LOQ, n =5) were in the range of 71.7-114.9% with relative standard deviations of less than 20.0% for all the five agriculture products. All validation values met criteria of the European Union SANTE/11312/2021 guidelines and Food and Drug Safety Evaluation guidelines. Therefore, the proposed analytical method was accurate, effective, and sensitive for sulfonylurea herbicide residues determination in agricultural commodities.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74667460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.13
H. Kweon, Dong-Hoon Sagong
As apple trees mature, it is important to maintain good light distribution within the canopy to produce market-able fruits. Tree thinning is the selective removal of a proportion of trees growing in the orchard to provide more growing space and a good light environment for the remaining trees. This study was conducted over 3 years (14–16 years after planting) to investigate the influence of tree thinning on vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and blooming in the 14 years old slender spindle ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees planted with the tree space of 3.2 x 1.2 m. The trees were placed in a control group (no thinning; 260 trees per 10 a) or a tree thinning group (thinned 50% of the control; 130 trees per 10 a). The tree thinning successfully improved light penetration, yield per tree, fruit red color, and yield efficiency for 3 years
随着苹果树的成熟，保持冠层内良好的光照分布以生产可销售的果实是很重要的。树木间伐是指有选择地去除果园中一定比例的树木，为剩余的树木提供更多的生长空间和良好的光照环境。本研究历时3年(种植后14 ~ 16年)，研究了树木间伐对14年幼龄“富士”的营养生长、产量、果实品质和开花的影响。种植了9棵苹果树，树空间为3.2 x 1.2 m。这些树被放置在对照组(没有间伐;260棵/ 10 a)或树木间伐组(间伐对照组的50%;树木间伐成功地提高了透光率、单株产量、果实红色和产量效率，持续了3年
{"title":"Influence of Tree Thinning on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 Apple Trees in the High Density Orchard","authors":"H. Kweon, Dong-Hoon Sagong","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"As apple trees mature, it is important to maintain good light distribution within the canopy to produce market-able fruits. Tree thinning is the selective removal of a proportion of trees growing in the orchard to provide more growing space and a good light environment for the remaining trees. This study was conducted over 3 years (14–16 years after planting) to investigate the influence of tree thinning on vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and blooming in the 14 years old slender spindle ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees planted with the tree space of 3.2 x 1.2 m. The trees were placed in a control group (no thinning; 260 trees per 10 a) or a tree thinning group (thinned 50% of the control; 130 trees per 10 a). The tree thinning successfully improved light penetration, yield per tree, fruit red color, and yield efficiency for 3 years","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.18
Young-Sun Kim, Geung-Joo Lee
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects on soil chemical properties and plant growth after applying sol-dier fly compost (SFC). Treatments were as follows. No fertilizer (NF), control, SFC1 (SFC 250 kg/10a), SFC2 (SFC 500 kg/10a) and SFC3 (SFC 1,000 kg/10a). As compared to control in the pot test, organic matter (OM) and exchangeable sodium (Ex-Na) of SFC3 treatment were increased, and growth and nutrient uptake of young radish were not significantly different. Correlation coefficient between soil chemical factors like total nitrogen (T-N), OM, and CEC and uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was significantly positive ( p ≤0.05). Compared to control in the field test, electrical conductivity, T-N, OM, Av.-P 2 O 5 , and CEC was increased, and lettuce growth was not significantly different. Correlation coefficient between application amount of SFC and T-N, OM, and Av.-P 2 O 5 was significant positively ( p ≤ 0.05). These results indicated that the application of SFC improved nutrient availability of soil by increasing OM and CEC.
本试验旨在评价施用固体苍蝇堆肥(SFC)对土壤化学性质和植物生长的影响。处理方法如下:不施肥(NF)，对照，SFC1 (SFC 250 kg/10a)， SFC2 (SFC 500 kg/10a)和SFC3 (SFC 1000 kg/10a)。与盆栽对照相比，SFC3处理显著提高了萝卜幼苗的有机质(OM)和交换性钠(Ex-Na)，幼苗的生长和养分吸收无显著差异。全氮(T-N)、OM、CEC等土壤化学因子与氮(N)、磷(P)吸收量呈显著正相关(P≤0.05)。与田间对照相比，电导率、T-N、OM、av . p 2 O 5和CEC均有所提高，生菜生长无显著差异。SFC施用量与T-N、OM和av . p 2 O 5呈显著正相关(p≤0.05)。上述结果表明，施用SFC可通过提高土壤有机质和CEC来改善土壤养分有效性。
{"title":"Growth of Lettuce and Young Radish and Changes of Soil Chemical Properties after Application of Soldier Fly Compost","authors":"Young-Sun Kim, Geung-Joo Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the effects on soil chemical properties and plant growth after applying sol-dier fly compost (SFC). Treatments were as follows. No fertilizer (NF), control, SFC1 (SFC 250 kg/10a), SFC2 (SFC 500 kg/10a) and SFC3 (SFC 1,000 kg/10a). As compared to control in the pot test, organic matter (OM) and exchangeable sodium (Ex-Na) of SFC3 treatment were increased, and growth and nutrient uptake of young radish were not significantly different. Correlation coefficient between soil chemical factors like total nitrogen (T-N), OM, and CEC and uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was significantly positive ( p ≤0.05). Compared to control in the field test, electrical conductivity, T-N, OM, Av.-P 2 O 5 , and CEC was increased, and lettuce growth was not significantly different. Correlation coefficient between application amount of SFC and T-N, OM, and Av.-P 2 O 5 was significant positively ( p ≤ 0.05). These results indicated that the application of SFC improved nutrient availability of soil by increasing OM and CEC.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89871278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.19
Sin-Sil Kim, Jun-Suk Rho, Jae-Hoon Lee, Ah-Young Choi, Seul Lee, Yu-Jin Park, Jonghwan Park, Young-Han Lee, D. Seo
Food waste (FW) emissions in South Korea amounted to 4.77 million tons in 2021, and continue to increase. Various technologies have been developed to treat FW, with recent research focusing on biochar production through pyrolysis to reduce FW. However, the agricultural application of food waste-biochar (FWBC) is lim-ited by the salt accumulated during pyrolysis. This study investigated salt removal from and the kinetic characteristics of FWBC, and subsequently evaluated its agricultural applications. FW was pyrolyzed at 350°C for 4 h, and subsequently washed for 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 5, 15, and 30 min to remove salt. FWBC had a salt concentration of 5.75%, which was effectively removed through washing. The salt concentration decreased rapidly at the beginning (1 min) and then slowly decreased, unlike in FW, in which the salt decreased continuously and slowly. The salt removal speed con-stant (K) was 1.5586 (Stage 1, FWBC) > 0.0445 (Stage 2, FWBC) > 0.0026 (FW). In a lettuce cultivation experiment, higher biomass was achieved using washed FWBC than when using unwashed FWBC and FW, and soil properties were improved. Overall, these findings
{"title":"Salt Removal and Agricultural Application of Food Waste-Biochar","authors":"Sin-Sil Kim, Jun-Suk Rho, Jae-Hoon Lee, Ah-Young Choi, Seul Lee, Yu-Jin Park, Jonghwan Park, Young-Han Lee, D. Seo","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Food waste (FW) emissions in South Korea amounted to 4.77 million tons in 2021, and continue to increase. Various technologies have been developed to treat FW, with recent research focusing on biochar production through pyrolysis to reduce FW. However, the agricultural application of food waste-biochar (FWBC) is lim-ited by the salt accumulated during pyrolysis. This study investigated salt removal from and the kinetic characteristics of FWBC, and subsequently evaluated its agricultural applications. FW was pyrolyzed at 350°C for 4 h, and subsequently washed for 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 5, 15, and 30 min to remove salt. FWBC had a salt concentration of 5.75%, which was effectively removed through washing. The salt concentration decreased rapidly at the beginning (1 min) and then slowly decreased, unlike in FW, in which the salt decreased continuously and slowly. The salt removal speed con-stant (K) was 1.5586 (Stage 1, FWBC) > 0.0445 (Stage 2, FWBC) > 0.0026 (FW). In a lettuce cultivation experiment, higher biomass was achieved using washed FWBC than when using unwashed FWBC and FW, and soil properties were improved. Overall, these findings","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78874134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.16
Sun-Woo Ban, Alice H. Oh, Hee-Ra Chang
The biological half-life and dissipation rate of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were calculated to establish the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs). The pesticide residues were calculated after washing with five different processes to propose an effective process in the household and conducted a risk assessment to confirm dietary safety. Azoxystrobin was sprayed according to the critical good agricultural practices (cGAP) in two different field trials, and the samples were harvested 7 times. The limit of quantitation was 0.02 mg/kg, and the mean recoveries of azoxystrobin were within the range of 70 ∼ 120% with below 20% coefficient variation at the concentration of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg . The biological half-lives were 7.4 and 4.7 days, and the dissipation rate constants were 0.0872 and 0.1217 in fields 1 and 2, respectively. The average removal rates were 58.13 ∼ 78.13% by the different washing processes, and there were significant differences between the washing processes (one-way ANOVA analysis and post-hoc Duncan test, p -value<0.05). The residues of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were safe levels from farm to fork after application with the critical good agricultural practice (cGAP) registered in Korea.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Azoxystrobin Residues in Fresh Crown Daisy from Farm to Fork","authors":"Sun-Woo Ban, Alice H. Oh, Hee-Ra Chang","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"The biological half-life and dissipation rate of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were calculated to establish the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs). The pesticide residues were calculated after washing with five different processes to propose an effective process in the household and conducted a risk assessment to confirm dietary safety. Azoxystrobin was sprayed according to the critical good agricultural practices (cGAP) in two different field trials, and the samples were harvested 7 times. The limit of quantitation was 0.02 mg/kg, and the mean recoveries of azoxystrobin were within the range of 70 ∼ 120% with below 20% coefficient variation at the concentration of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg . The biological half-lives were 7.4 and 4.7 days, and the dissipation rate constants were 0.0872 and 0.1217 in fields 1 and 2, respectively. The average removal rates were 58.13 ∼ 78.13% by the different washing processes, and there were significant differences between the washing processes (one-way ANOVA analysis and post-hoc Duncan test, p -value<0.05). The residues of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were safe levels from farm to fork after application with the critical good agricultural practice (cGAP) registered in Korea.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73946038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.14
Eun-Bin Jang, Hyun-Chul Jeong, H. Gwon, Hyoung-Seok Lee, Hye-Ran Park, Jong-Mun Lee, T. Oh, Sun-il Lee
Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Mid-summer drainage is a commonly practiced water management technique that reduces CH 4 emissions from rice fields. Slow-release fertilizers gradually release nutrients over an extended period and have been shown to reduce N 2 O emissions. However, the combined effect of slow-release fertilizer and water management on GHG emissions remains unclear. This study compared GHG emissions from a rice paddy subjected to mid-summer drainage for 10 days (control) with that of a rice paddy subjected to prolonged mid-summer drainage for 20 days combined with slow-release fertilizer (W+S). Gas sampling was conducted weekly using a closed chamber method. During the rice cultivation period, cumulative CH 4 and N 2 O emissions were reduced by 12.3% and 16.2%, respectively, in the W+S treatment compared to the control. Moreover, the W+S treatment exhibited a 1.9% increase in grain yield compared to the control. Under experimental conditions, slow-release fertilizers, in combination with prolonged mid-summer drainage, proved to be the optimal approach for achieving high crop yield while reducing GHG emissions. This represents an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions from rice paddy fields.
{"title":"Effect of Water Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice Paddies Using a Slow-release Fertilizer","authors":"Eun-Bin Jang, Hyun-Chul Jeong, H. Gwon, Hyoung-Seok Lee, Hye-Ran Park, Jong-Mun Lee, T. Oh, Sun-il Lee","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2023.42.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Mid-summer drainage is a commonly practiced water management technique that reduces CH 4 emissions from rice fields. Slow-release fertilizers gradually release nutrients over an extended period and have been shown to reduce N 2 O emissions. However, the combined effect of slow-release fertilizer and water management on GHG emissions remains unclear. This study compared GHG emissions from a rice paddy subjected to mid-summer drainage for 10 days (control) with that of a rice paddy subjected to prolonged mid-summer drainage for 20 days combined with slow-release fertilizer (W+S). Gas sampling was conducted weekly using a closed chamber method. During the rice cultivation period, cumulative CH 4 and N 2 O emissions were reduced by 12.3% and 16.2%, respectively, in the W+S treatment compared to the control. Moreover, the W+S treatment exhibited a 1.9% increase in grain yield compared to the control. Under experimental conditions, slow-release fertilizers, in combination with prolonged mid-summer drainage, proved to be the optimal approach for achieving high crop yield while reducing GHG emissions. This represents an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions from rice paddy fields.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76617118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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