The termination reaction mechanism of radical polymerization and the control of the reaction for synthetic applications are studied by the reactions of structurally well - de fi ned polymer end radicals prepared by living radical polymerization. The termination mechanism, namely the selectivity of disproportionation and combination of radicals, of representative monomers was determined unambiguously, and the effects of the reaction temperature, the molecular weight, and the solvent viscosity were clari fi ed. In addition, the selective combination termination as a useful inter polymer radical coupling reaction was developed.
{"title":"Elucidation of the Mechanism and Synthetic Utilization of Termination Reaction of Radical Polymerization Based on Living Radical Polymerization","authors":"Yasuyuki Nakamura","doi":"10.1295/koron.2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/koron.2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"The termination reaction mechanism of radical polymerization and the control of the reaction for synthetic applications are studied by the reactions of structurally well - de fi ned polymer end radicals prepared by living radical polymerization. The termination mechanism, namely the selectivity of disproportionation and combination of radicals, of representative monomers was determined unambiguously, and the effects of the reaction temperature, the molecular weight, and the solvent viscosity were clari fi ed. In addition, the selective combination termination as a useful inter polymer radical coupling reaction was developed.","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86884800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DRY & WET: In vitro Dissipative Structures of Microtubules and Polysaccharides by Interfacial Instability","authors":"Kosuke Okeyoshi","doi":"10.1295/koron.2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/koron.2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72886454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of valuable functional materials using abundant and renewable resources has been recognized as one of the most important aspects to break out of the over - dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels. In nature, we can fi nd a variety of organic compounds with unique molecular structures. The incorporation of interesting structural features of natural products into molecular designs is highly attractive for material development because it provides a new avenue for creating innovative functional materials that would be otherwise unimaginable. This review summarizes our latest studies on the synthesis of novel optically active polymers containing a structural element of naturally - occurring compounds, particularly ( poly ) saccharides, and their application to chiral functional materials.
{"title":"Synthesis of Optically Active Polymers Containing Carbohydrate Units as a Chiral Source and Exploration of Their Functions","authors":"T. Ikai","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"The development of valuable functional materials using abundant and renewable resources has been recognized as one of the most important aspects to break out of the over - dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels. In nature, we can fi nd a variety of organic compounds with unique molecular structures. The incorporation of interesting structural features of natural products into molecular designs is highly attractive for material development because it provides a new avenue for creating innovative functional materials that would be otherwise unimaginable. This review summarizes our latest studies on the synthesis of novel optically active polymers containing a structural element of naturally - occurring compounds, particularly ( poly ) saccharides, and their application to chiral functional materials.","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85749026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymer Conjugated Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for in vivo Imaging","authors":"Masao Kamimura","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85710479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Immunity-Inducing Systems Using pH-Responsive Polysaccharides and Liposomes","authors":"E. Yuba","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84664924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One capturing material can be used for various purposes. For example, the material for capturing analytes, harmful elements, and biomarkers can be used for pretreatment, decontamination, and diagnosis, respectively. The only difference is the target - capture molecules. A large part of the material design strategy can be common. To effectively and quickly develop novel capturing materials, we utilized radiation - induced graft polymerization by selecting the substrate for grafting from the point of view of chemical engineering, applying the desired graft polymerization, and performing subsequent chemical reactions. In this paper, a novel method for determining the mole percentage of an as - formed polymer brush and root is introduced as a new technique for evaluating grafted materials. In addition, according to the above determination technique, an extractant - impregnated porous sheet for rapid analysis and extractant - impregnated non - porous particle for high - resolution separation of rare earth elements were developed. We also developed metal ferrocyanide - impregnated fi bers for radioactive cesium removal and a surface - functionalized power - free micro fl uidic chip for biomarker detection.
{"title":"Design of Capture Materials Utilizing Radiation-Induced Graft Polymerization","authors":"Ryo Ishihara","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"One capturing material can be used for various purposes. For example, the material for capturing analytes, harmful elements, and biomarkers can be used for pretreatment, decontamination, and diagnosis, respectively. The only difference is the target - capture molecules. A large part of the material design strategy can be common. To effectively and quickly develop novel capturing materials, we utilized radiation - induced graft polymerization by selecting the substrate for grafting from the point of view of chemical engineering, applying the desired graft polymerization, and performing subsequent chemical reactions. In this paper, a novel method for determining the mole percentage of an as - formed polymer brush and root is introduced as a new technique for evaluating grafted materials. In addition, according to the above determination technique, an extractant - impregnated porous sheet for rapid analysis and extractant - impregnated non - porous particle for high - resolution separation of rare earth elements were developed. We also developed metal ferrocyanide - impregnated fi bers for radioactive cesium removal and a surface - functionalized power - free micro fl uidic chip for biomarker detection.","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81406545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On-Demand Control of Phase Transition and Orientation of Organic-Inorganic Complex Lyotropic Liquid Crystals","authors":"Mitsuo Hara","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75909140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Molecular Weight Distribution Determined from the Three Methods, SEC-Calibration Curve, SEC-MALS, and MALDI-TOF-MS Measurements","authors":"Yasushi Kondo, Yo Nakamura","doi":"10.1295/koron.2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/koron.2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78601385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ohtani, Yoshinori Iiguni, Wataru Itoh, Yasutaka Matsuda, Takaaki Matsuda
Thermograms and MS of Pyrolyzates [Notes] In the pyrogram of high - impact polystyrene ( HIPS ) , peaks of butadiene monomer and dimer were clearly observed along with major peaks of styrene monomer, dimer and trimer from the polystyrene main chain. On the other hand, in the case of ultraviolet - irradiated HIPS, the peaks of butadiene monomer and dimer almost disappeared in the pyrogram while the styrene - related peaks were still observed similarly to those for the original HIPS. This fact suggests that the photodegradation of HIPS is mainly caused by the decomposition of polybutadiene components, accompanied by the deterioration, especially of the impact properties. Furthermore, as for the market - recovered HIPS for cover materials, the degree of yellowing ( color di ff erence ¦ E ) of the materials was well correlated with the decrease in the relative peak intensities of butadiene monomer and dimer observed in their pyrograms. This result demonstrates that the degree of photodeterioration of HIPS can be roughly evaluated by Py - GC.
{"title":"Photodegradation Behavior of High-Impact Polystyrene Studied by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography","authors":"H. Ohtani, Yoshinori Iiguni, Wataru Itoh, Yasutaka Matsuda, Takaaki Matsuda","doi":"10.1295/KORON.2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1295/KORON.2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Thermograms and MS of Pyrolyzates [Notes] In the pyrogram of high - impact polystyrene ( HIPS ) , peaks of butadiene monomer and dimer were clearly observed along with major peaks of styrene monomer, dimer and trimer from the polystyrene main chain. On the other hand, in the case of ultraviolet - irradiated HIPS, the peaks of butadiene monomer and dimer almost disappeared in the pyrogram while the styrene - related peaks were still observed similarly to those for the original HIPS. This fact suggests that the photodegradation of HIPS is mainly caused by the decomposition of polybutadiene components, accompanied by the deterioration, especially of the impact properties. Furthermore, as for the market - recovered HIPS for cover materials, the degree of yellowing ( color di ff erence ¦ E ) of the materials was well correlated with the decrease in the relative peak intensities of butadiene monomer and dimer observed in their pyrograms. This result demonstrates that the degree of photodeterioration of HIPS can be roughly evaluated by Py - GC.","PeriodicalId":17878,"journal":{"name":"Kobunshi Ronbunshu","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77799009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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