Abstract This paper aims to monitor some indicators of groundwater samples from different localities of Dambovita County (Dobra, Valeni-Dambovita, Selaru, Brezoaele), in different seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and compare them with maximum concentrations. (Maximum allowed concentration) provided for in the relevant regulations. The following indicators were monitored monthly for a period of seven months in the above-mentioned areas for groundwater samples: pH, water temperature, air temperature, total hardness (expressed in German degrees), nitrate content, amount of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen consumption in 5 monitored days (BOD5), aggressive carbon dioxide content and carbon dioxide content in the form of bicarbonates. The study identified exceedances of the limit values only for the nitrate content in some localities and in some of the studied months. The other parameters did not show any exceedances.
{"title":"Study of Natural Quality Parameters of Groundwater in Dambovita County","authors":"I. David","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper aims to monitor some indicators of groundwater samples from different localities of Dambovita County (Dobra, Valeni-Dambovita, Selaru, Brezoaele), in different seasons (autumn, winter and spring) and compare them with maximum concentrations. (Maximum allowed concentration) provided for in the relevant regulations. The following indicators were monitored monthly for a period of seven months in the above-mentioned areas for groundwater samples: pH, water temperature, air temperature, total hardness (expressed in German degrees), nitrate content, amount of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen consumption in 5 monitored days (BOD5), aggressive carbon dioxide content and carbon dioxide content in the form of bicarbonates. The study identified exceedances of the limit values only for the nitrate content in some localities and in some of the studied months. The other parameters did not show any exceedances.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract From the moment man intervened in nature, especially by cultivating the land, his soil and fertility bear the strong imprint of anthropogenic influence. The longer a soil has been subjected to agrotechnical, agrochemical, ameliorating works, the greater the changes, the soil and its fertility becoming the product not only of natural factors but also of human action. It follows, therefore, that fertility is not only a natural feature of the soil, but is closely linked to all other conditions of the environment, as well as to human action, to the stage of development of science and technology, to social relations. It is common for the fertility of the soil in natural or unmodified conditions to be called natural fertility and in the case of human intervention the notions of artificial fertility or cultural fertility or technogenic fertility or real fertility or effective fertility are used. Soil as a means of production in agriculture has certain peculiarities that distinguish it from other means of production. Thus, the soil is a natural means of production that is formed and evolves on the surface of the land, over time, under the influence of environmental conditions. Unlike other means of production, which can be multiplied, the soil cover of the globe, of a country, of an area, etc., is quantitatively limited by the respective geographical space; therefore, obtaining the necessary productions in increasing quantities cannot be done only through an extensive agriculture (increasing the agricultural areas), but, above all, intensive (increasing the production per unit area). Also, unlike other means of production that are worn out by use, the soil, if used rationally, not only does not reduce its production capacity (fertility) but, on the contrary, can increase it.
{"title":"Study Regarding the Characterization of Soil Resources in Petresti Locality, Damboviţa County","authors":"S. Morărița","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From the moment man intervened in nature, especially by cultivating the land, his soil and fertility bear the strong imprint of anthropogenic influence. The longer a soil has been subjected to agrotechnical, agrochemical, ameliorating works, the greater the changes, the soil and its fertility becoming the product not only of natural factors but also of human action. It follows, therefore, that fertility is not only a natural feature of the soil, but is closely linked to all other conditions of the environment, as well as to human action, to the stage of development of science and technology, to social relations. It is common for the fertility of the soil in natural or unmodified conditions to be called natural fertility and in the case of human intervention the notions of artificial fertility or cultural fertility or technogenic fertility or real fertility or effective fertility are used. Soil as a means of production in agriculture has certain peculiarities that distinguish it from other means of production. Thus, the soil is a natural means of production that is formed and evolves on the surface of the land, over time, under the influence of environmental conditions. Unlike other means of production, which can be multiplied, the soil cover of the globe, of a country, of an area, etc., is quantitatively limited by the respective geographical space; therefore, obtaining the necessary productions in increasing quantities cannot be done only through an extensive agriculture (increasing the agricultural areas), but, above all, intensive (increasing the production per unit area). Also, unlike other means of production that are worn out by use, the soil, if used rationally, not only does not reduce its production capacity (fertility) but, on the contrary, can increase it.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125412599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The challenges posed by population growth and the need to ensure access to healthy and nutritious food in sufficient quantities imply the need to change the paradigm and the way of thinking about new production and consumption patterns, scalable, integrated and adaptable to the requirements of agroecological production, on the principles of sustainability. Thus, we will be able, at the same time, to quantify the effects on socio-ecological systems, in a context of consumption that puts more and more pressure on the planet’s resources. Discussions, but especially solutions, on sustainability and innovation in agriculture are urgent, due to the need to ensure the source of basic foodstuffs and to meet primary food needs, as well as consumer access to them. Ensuring the need for food for a growing population must be based on maintaining productive ecosystems (in this case land) and sustainable production systems, without affecting the evolution and even the existence of upcoming generations, by ensuring a responsible and sustainable future. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to promote agroecology and encourage innovation, by promoting organic farming, in conjunction with sustaining steady economic growth, so necessary for the population’s access to nutritious and sufficient food, with direct effects on a healthy and active life.
{"title":"Linking Agriculture with Organic Farming, Challenges to Upcoming Food Security and Environmental Sustainability","authors":"A. Străteanu, S. Stan, L. Udrea, M. Sandu","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The challenges posed by population growth and the need to ensure access to healthy and nutritious food in sufficient quantities imply the need to change the paradigm and the way of thinking about new production and consumption patterns, scalable, integrated and adaptable to the requirements of agroecological production, on the principles of sustainability. Thus, we will be able, at the same time, to quantify the effects on socio-ecological systems, in a context of consumption that puts more and more pressure on the planet’s resources. Discussions, but especially solutions, on sustainability and innovation in agriculture are urgent, due to the need to ensure the source of basic foodstuffs and to meet primary food needs, as well as consumer access to them. Ensuring the need for food for a growing population must be based on maintaining productive ecosystems (in this case land) and sustainable production systems, without affecting the evolution and even the existence of upcoming generations, by ensuring a responsible and sustainable future. The main purpose of this scientific paper is to promote agroecology and encourage innovation, by promoting organic farming, in conjunction with sustaining steady economic growth, so necessary for the population’s access to nutritious and sufficient food, with direct effects on a healthy and active life.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paperwork highlights the role that plays the animal nutrition, in terms of level and quality, in relation to interdependence with other animal welfare criteria. It is necessary to apply nutritional strategies, taking into account the optimization of feeding conditions and nutritional intakes, in order to meet the objectives of animal welfare, which must take into account both health and environmental conditions, their maintenance and their service. In this way, the administration of food and the provision of all the necessary nutrients, depending on the species, the category of production, the physiological state must be applied in such a way that each animal has the freedom to express its normal behavior under conditions of well-being.
{"title":"Nutritional Level and Quality – Condition and Component of Animal Welfare","authors":"C. Șonea, M. Gurău, R. Chetroiu, M. Pituru","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paperwork highlights the role that plays the animal nutrition, in terms of level and quality, in relation to interdependence with other animal welfare criteria. It is necessary to apply nutritional strategies, taking into account the optimization of feeding conditions and nutritional intakes, in order to meet the objectives of animal welfare, which must take into account both health and environmental conditions, their maintenance and their service. In this way, the administration of food and the provision of all the necessary nutrients, depending on the species, the category of production, the physiological state must be applied in such a way that each animal has the freedom to express its normal behavior under conditions of well-being.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Salmon farming includes concerns about artificially growing and improving the populations of Salmonidae species on specialized trout farms. Due to the improvement of salmonid species, today productions are obtained throughout the year, in a relatively short time and at increasing densities. Thus, in order to obtain high and quality yields, the crop areas are incomparably smaller than those intended for other crop species, being used impracticable lands for agriculture or low yield lands. The study brings to the fore the parameters that must be taken into account, in the project phase, before setting up a farm specialized in trout farming: geotechnical study, water source, physics-chemical parameters and growth basins. The growth of trout is related to the agricultural sector and the technique of the agricultural production process, because knowing the soil and its properties, we can improve the action of bacteria and benthic flora and fauna, important links of the food chain in the ecosystem. The trout farm is a profitable alternative to the traditional farm, because the area needed to set up the fish farm is much smaller.
{"title":"Salmonide Growth - A Sustainable and Viable Alternative for the Valorization of Unproductive Agricultural Land","authors":"L. Udrea, M. Pituru","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salmon farming includes concerns about artificially growing and improving the populations of Salmonidae species on specialized trout farms. Due to the improvement of salmonid species, today productions are obtained throughout the year, in a relatively short time and at increasing densities. Thus, in order to obtain high and quality yields, the crop areas are incomparably smaller than those intended for other crop species, being used impracticable lands for agriculture or low yield lands. The study brings to the fore the parameters that must be taken into account, in the project phase, before setting up a farm specialized in trout farming: geotechnical study, water source, physics-chemical parameters and growth basins. The growth of trout is related to the agricultural sector and the technique of the agricultural production process, because knowing the soil and its properties, we can improve the action of bacteria and benthic flora and fauna, important links of the food chain in the ecosystem. The trout farm is a profitable alternative to the traditional farm, because the area needed to set up the fish farm is much smaller.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128203978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the early prehistoric world, communication relied heavily on gestural communication, equally important being sensory communication. Wine transcends time and offers access to the basis of this communication. It can transfer information to a receiver ready to recognize it. Non-verbal language in wine is three-dimensional: visual, olfactory, gustatory. Nonverbal language is the expression of wine’s identity and diversity.
{"title":"Nonverbal Language – Elements of Identity, Quality and Diversity of Wine","authors":"Popa Dorin, Brata Anca","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the early prehistoric world, communication relied heavily on gestural communication, equally important being sensory communication. Wine transcends time and offers access to the basis of this communication. It can transfer information to a receiver ready to recognize it. Non-verbal language in wine is three-dimensional: visual, olfactory, gustatory. Nonverbal language is the expression of wine’s identity and diversity.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the last 25 years, sustainable development seems to be the solution for the world’s problems. Reality makes to have more pollution, biodiversity loss and clear impact of climate change. Change of climate is the attribute of human activities and is one of the most critical processes that affect our earth. For this reason, it is necessary to promote education and the aim of sustainability gaining more and more attention in environmental, social, and economic programs and activities. We need to start with three questions about what should be sustainable: agriculture, households, cities, whole nations, and the world economy? Is generally know that sustainable agriculture helps the environment and takes many forms (organic, holistic, biodynamic agriculture etc.). But specialist know how important is to realize ways for different agricultural practices that can influence the environment in positive or negative matter. In view to this regenerative or sustainable agriculture need to find a good balance between the need for food production and the preservation of the ecological system. For that reason, we need to implement and to educate about the circular economy which is one of the new concepts of sustainable development and economic activities. In this concept, resource use, waste production, emissions and energy waste are decreased by reducing, and closing energy and material cycles.
{"title":"Sustainable Development and the Better Way to Promote Education for Regenerative Agriculture","authors":"G. Teodorescu","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the last 25 years, sustainable development seems to be the solution for the world’s problems. Reality makes to have more pollution, biodiversity loss and clear impact of climate change. Change of climate is the attribute of human activities and is one of the most critical processes that affect our earth. For this reason, it is necessary to promote education and the aim of sustainability gaining more and more attention in environmental, social, and economic programs and activities. We need to start with three questions about what should be sustainable: agriculture, households, cities, whole nations, and the world economy? Is generally know that sustainable agriculture helps the environment and takes many forms (organic, holistic, biodynamic agriculture etc.). But specialist know how important is to realize ways for different agricultural practices that can influence the environment in positive or negative matter. In view to this regenerative or sustainable agriculture need to find a good balance between the need for food production and the preservation of the ecological system. For that reason, we need to implement and to educate about the circular economy which is one of the new concepts of sustainable development and economic activities. In this concept, resource use, waste production, emissions and energy waste are decreased by reducing, and closing energy and material cycles.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matei-Sebastian Sersea, M. Gurău, F. Otelea, C. Șonea
Abstract An important canine virus that are spread among the dog population is the canine distemper virus (CDV) which affects domestic and wild animals all over the world, particularly due to the fact that it passes the species. Canine distemper virus is an important veterinary issue in areas with a high number of dogs that are not vaccinated against the virus and also where the disease is present in wild animals. A useful tule in diagnosis of this disease is the real time PCR that can detect the viral genome from oral swabs, ocular swabs, LCR (cerebrospinal fluid), feces or urine, depending on the clinical stage of the disease. This paper presents a reviewed analysis of three case-studies conducted by the Universities of Bari (Italy), Liège (Belgium) and Pécs (Hungary) concerning clinical manifestations of the infection with the Canine Distemper Virus and the efficiency of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in the detection of viral RNA. The emergence of CDV cases in wildlife is also explored, as is the opportunity of vaccination against CDV infection as a means of protecting domestic dogs in shelters and homes.
犬瘟热病毒是一种重要的犬类病毒，在犬群中传播，它影响着全世界的家畜和野生动物，特别是由于它通过物种传播。犬瘟热病毒是一个重要的兽医问题，在没有接种疫苗的大量狗和野生动物中存在这种疾病的地区。实时聚合酶链反应(real - time PCR)是诊断此病的一个有用方法，它可以根据疾病的临床分期，从口腔拭子、眼拭子、脑脊液、粪便或尿液中检测病毒基因组。本文综述了由巴里大学(意大利)、利瓦里奇大学(比利时)和psamacs大学(匈牙利)进行的三个病例研究的分析，这些研究涉及犬瘟热病毒感染的临床表现和逆转录聚合酶链反应试验检测病毒RNA的效率。还探讨了野生动物中CDV病例的出现，以及接种CDV感染疫苗作为保护收容所和家庭中家养狗的一种手段的机会。
{"title":"Reviewed Comparative Analysis of Three Case-Studies Using RT-PCR to Detect Canine Distemper Virus","authors":"Matei-Sebastian Sersea, M. Gurău, F. Otelea, C. Șonea","doi":"10.2478/agr-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/agr-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An important canine virus that are spread among the dog population is the canine distemper virus (CDV) which affects domestic and wild animals all over the world, particularly due to the fact that it passes the species. Canine distemper virus is an important veterinary issue in areas with a high number of dogs that are not vaccinated against the virus and also where the disease is present in wild animals. A useful tule in diagnosis of this disease is the real time PCR that can detect the viral genome from oral swabs, ocular swabs, LCR (cerebrospinal fluid), feces or urine, depending on the clinical stage of the disease. This paper presents a reviewed analysis of three case-studies conducted by the Universities of Bari (Italy), Liège (Belgium) and Pécs (Hungary) concerning clinical manifestations of the infection with the Canine Distemper Virus and the efficiency of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in the detection of viral RNA. The emergence of CDV cases in wildlife is also explored, as is the opportunity of vaccination against CDV infection as a means of protecting domestic dogs in shelters and homes.","PeriodicalId":178886,"journal":{"name":"Annals of \"Valahia\" University of Târgovişte. Agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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