Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169398
P. Sofotasios, S. Freear
This work is devoted to the formulation and derivation of the κ-μ/gamma distribution which corresponds to A physical fading model. This distribution is composite and is based on the well known κ-μ generalized multipath model and the gamma shadowing model. A special case of the derived model constitutes the κ-μ Extreme/gamma model which accounts for severe multipath and shadowing effects. These models provide accurate characterisation of the simultaneous occurrence of multipath fading and shadowing effects. This is achieved thanks to the remarkable flexibility of their named parameters which render them capable of providing good fittings to experimental data associated with realistic communication scenarios. This is additionally justified by the fact that they include as special cases the widely known composite fading models such as Rice/gamma, Nakagami-m/gamma and Rayleigh/gamma. Novel analytic expressions are derived for the envelope and power probability density function of these distributions which are expressed in a relatively simple algebraic form which is convenient to handle both analytically and numerically. As a result, they can be meaningfully utilized in the derivation of numerous vital measures in investigations related to the analytic performance evaluation of digital communications over composite multipath/shadowing fading channels.
{"title":"On the κ-μ/gamma composite distribution: A generalized multipath/shadowing fading model","authors":"P. Sofotasios, S. Freear","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169398","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the formulation and derivation of the κ-μ/gamma distribution which corresponds to A physical fading model. This distribution is composite and is based on the well known κ-μ generalized multipath model and the gamma shadowing model. A special case of the derived model constitutes the κ-μ Extreme/gamma model which accounts for severe multipath and shadowing effects. These models provide accurate characterisation of the simultaneous occurrence of multipath fading and shadowing effects. This is achieved thanks to the remarkable flexibility of their named parameters which render them capable of providing good fittings to experimental data associated with realistic communication scenarios. This is additionally justified by the fact that they include as special cases the widely known composite fading models such as Rice/gamma, Nakagami-m/gamma and Rayleigh/gamma. Novel analytic expressions are derived for the envelope and power probability density function of these distributions which are expressed in a relatively simple algebraic form which is convenient to handle both analytically and numerically. As a result, they can be meaningfully utilized in the derivation of numerous vital measures in investigations related to the analytic performance evaluation of digital communications over composite multipath/shadowing fading channels.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169328
A. Bravalheri, A. Herbster, G. Fraidenraich
Due its stochastic behavior, the polarization-mode dispersion is one of most difficult fiber effects to simulate. It is not easy to randomly change the temperature and pressure in laboratory and the correct relation between this changes and light polarization is fuzzy yet. Therefore the most common way to study PMD is through the use of devices called PMD emulators. The main problem with this emulators is the large number of elements used to precisely reproduce the random nature of PMD. This paper reviews the most common technique to build in a PMD emulator based on the concatenation of birefringent elements, and proposes an alternative way to achieve the first order statistics presented in the literature using only two elements.
{"title":"PMD emulator using non-uniform probability distributed state of polarization","authors":"A. Bravalheri, A. Herbster, G. Fraidenraich","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169328","url":null,"abstract":"Due its stochastic behavior, the polarization-mode dispersion is one of most difficult fiber effects to simulate. It is not easy to randomly change the temperature and pressure in laboratory and the correct relation between this changes and light polarization is fuzzy yet. Therefore the most common way to study PMD is through the use of devices called PMD emulators. The main problem with this emulators is the large number of elements used to precisely reproduce the random nature of PMD. This paper reviews the most common technique to build in a PMD emulator based on the concatenation of birefringent elements, and proposes an alternative way to achieve the first order statistics presented in the literature using only two elements.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127392477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169265
Marinho Alex Kamiroski Melo, J.C.A. dos Santos, M. Dias
One of the most referenced analytical methods to calculate the HF and VHF radio propagation loss in forests is Tamir's model. Though it is very straightforward for point-area radio coverage planning, its extension for site-specific predictions is actually an open problem. In the present work, a heuristic approach is proposed to this matter, when digital terrain and treetops heights models are available. Preliminary outcomes were computed by a Matlab code implementation of the adapted model. Coherent results were observed, with a “height gain” typical of site-specific methods clearly standing out.
{"title":"On the use of Tamir's model for site-specific path loss prediction of HF/VHF systems in forests","authors":"Marinho Alex Kamiroski Melo, J.C.A. dos Santos, M. Dias","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169265","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most referenced analytical methods to calculate the HF and VHF radio propagation loss in forests is Tamir's model. Though it is very straightforward for point-area radio coverage planning, its extension for site-specific predictions is actually an open problem. In the present work, a heuristic approach is proposed to this matter, when digital terrain and treetops heights models are available. Preliminary outcomes were computed by a Matlab code implementation of the adapted model. Coherent results were observed, with a “height gain” typical of site-specific methods clearly standing out.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133800948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169284
M. S. Costa, A. Oliveira, V. Rodriguez‐Esquerre
The propagation characteristics of a subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide are analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element approach. An equivalent continuous waveguide has been obtained for several duty cycles and for a wide bandwidth. A comparison of their electric field spatial distribution has been performed through an overlapping integral. An equivalent continuous waveguide can be considered for the analysis of SWGs.
{"title":"Propagation characteristics analysis of subwavelength grating waveguides","authors":"M. S. Costa, A. Oliveira, V. Rodriguez‐Esquerre","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169284","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation characteristics of a subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide are analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element approach. An equivalent continuous waveguide has been obtained for several duty cycles and for a wide bandwidth. A comparison of their electric field spatial distribution has been performed through an overlapping integral. An equivalent continuous waveguide can be considered for the analysis of SWGs.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115525963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169356
P. Sofotasios, S. Freear
This paper provides novel analytic expressions for the incomplete Toronto function, TB(m, n, r), and the incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel Integrals of the modified Bessel function of the first kind, Ieμ, n(a, z). These expressions are expressed in closed-form and are valid for the case that m ≥ n and n being an odd multiple of 1/2, i.e. n ± 0.5 Є N Capitalizing on these, tight upper and lower bounds are subsequently proposed for both TB(m, n, r) function and Ieμ, n(a, z) integrals. Importantly, all new representations are expressed in closed-form whilst the proposed bounds are shown to be rather tight. To this effect, they can be effectively exploited in various analytical studies related to wireless communication theory. Indicative applications include, among others, the performance evaluation of digital communications over fading channels and the information-theoretic analysis of multiple-input multiple-output systems.
本文提供了新颖的不完整的多伦多函数解析表达式,结核病(m, n, r),和不完整Lipschitz-Hankel修改第一类贝塞尔函数的积分,即μ、n (a, z)。这些表达式表达在封闭和有效的m≥n, n是一个奇怪的1/2的倍数,即n±0.5Єn利用这些,紧上界和下界都随后提出了结核病(m, n, r)功能和Ieμ,n (a, z)积分。重要的是，所有新的表示都以封闭形式表示，而建议的界限被证明是相当严格的。因此，它们可以有效地用于与无线通信理论相关的各种分析研究中。指示性应用包括衰落信道上数字通信的性能评估和多输入多输出系统的信息论分析。
{"title":"New analytic results for the incomplete Toronto function and incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel Integrals","authors":"P. Sofotasios, S. Freear","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169356","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides novel analytic expressions for the incomplete Toronto function, TB(m, n, r), and the incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel Integrals of the modified Bessel function of the first kind, Ieμ, n(a, z). These expressions are expressed in closed-form and are valid for the case that m ≥ n and n being an odd multiple of 1/2, i.e. n ± 0.5 Є N Capitalizing on these, tight upper and lower bounds are subsequently proposed for both TB(m, n, r) function and Ieμ, n(a, z) integrals. Importantly, all new representations are expressed in closed-form whilst the proposed bounds are shown to be rather tight. To this effect, they can be effectively exploited in various analytical studies related to wireless communication theory. Indicative applications include, among others, the performance evaluation of digital communications over fading channels and the information-theoretic analysis of multiple-input multiple-output systems.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123904718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169220
E. Perret, S. Tedjini, Glauco Fongalland
This communication is mainly dedicated to the design of RFID tags, in particular the antennas that allow the tag to be fed, communicate and exchange data with the reader. Good performance tags require optimized antenna that take into account numerous constraints as well as the environment of the application under consideration. Conventional tags based on IC chips as well as chipless or RF barccode are discussed. The last part of the communication will consider how to transform a tag into an RFID sensor thanks to a specific modification and accurate design of the tag antenna.
{"title":"Trends in the design of RFID tags","authors":"E. Perret, S. Tedjini, Glauco Fongalland","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169220","url":null,"abstract":"This communication is mainly dedicated to the design of RFID tags, in particular the antennas that allow the tag to be fed, communicate and exchange data with the reader. Good performance tags require optimized antenna that take into account numerous constraints as well as the environment of the application under consideration. Conventional tags based on IC chips as well as chipless or RF barccode are discussed. The last part of the communication will consider how to transform a tag into an RFID sensor thanks to a specific modification and accurate design of the tag antenna.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117018146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169260
A. V. S. Xavier, R. C. L. Silva, C. Bastos-Filho, J. Martins-Filho, D. Chaves
We propose an adaptive-alternative routing algorithm for all-optical networks, named NrPSR. The algorithm finds the Nrroutes with minor cost for a given source-destination pair according to a cost function expanded in a power series (PSR) in which the coefficients are determined by a Particle Swarm Optimizer. The selected route to attend to the call request is chosen among the Nr found routes depending on a predefined policy which takes into account the wavelength availability along the links. In our simulations we considered the following physical layer effects: ASE noise generation, Optical Amplifier gain saturation, ASE saturation and OXC crosstalk. We compared the performance of our algorithm through simulation with four other well known algorithms described in the literature.
{"title":"An adaptive-alternative routing algorithm for all-optical networks","authors":"A. V. S. Xavier, R. C. L. Silva, C. Bastos-Filho, J. Martins-Filho, D. Chaves","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169260","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an adaptive-alternative routing algorithm for all-optical networks, named NrPSR. The algorithm finds the Nrroutes with minor cost for a given source-destination pair according to a cost function expanded in a power series (PSR) in which the coefficients are determined by a Particle Swarm Optimizer. The selected route to attend to the call request is chosen among the Nr found routes depending on a predefined policy which takes into account the wavelength availability along the links. In our simulations we considered the following physical layer effects: ASE noise generation, Optical Amplifier gain saturation, ASE saturation and OXC crosstalk. We compared the performance of our algorithm through simulation with four other well known algorithms described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122059488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169382
Humberto Fernandes, H. D. de Andrade, Roberto Raniere Cavalcante de Franca, Anderson Silva
This work has as main objective to analyze the rectangular slot resonator with four layers, with photonic materials — PBG, to obtain the complex resonant frequency and radiation efficiency of this structure. The analysis developed in this work was performed using the TTL — Transverse Transmission Line method. Numerical-computational results are presented in graphical form in three dimensions for all analysis performed, and the resonance frequency depending on the length and width of the slot and the radiation efficiency as a function of resonance frequency and height of the layers of substrate structure under study.
{"title":"Radiation efficiency of rectangular slot resonator with multilayers photonic material","authors":"Humberto Fernandes, H. D. de Andrade, Roberto Raniere Cavalcante de Franca, Anderson Silva","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169382","url":null,"abstract":"This work has as main objective to analyze the rectangular slot resonator with four layers, with photonic materials — PBG, to obtain the complex resonant frequency and radiation efficiency of this structure. The analysis developed in this work was performed using the TTL — Transverse Transmission Line method. Numerical-computational results are presented in graphical form in three dimensions for all analysis performed, and the resonance frequency depending on the length and width of the slot and the radiation efficiency as a function of resonance frequency and height of the layers of substrate structure under study.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125025911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169315
L. Galdino, J. Maranhao, M. Furtado, E. Moschim, L. H. Bonani
The performance of Sparse Optical Code Conversion (SOCC) architectures is investigated in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks using a hybrid technology, which apply optical code and wavelength division multiplexing. The simulation results indicate that the increase of the number of optical codes and the utilization of SOCC conversion, lead to considerable decrease of the Burst Blocking Probability and latency. In addition, this hybrid technology also improves the utilization of network resources.
{"title":"Evaluation of hybrid WDM/OCDM technology with optical codes conversion in OBS networks","authors":"L. Galdino, J. Maranhao, M. Furtado, E. Moschim, L. H. Bonani","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169315","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of Sparse Optical Code Conversion (SOCC) architectures is investigated in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks using a hybrid technology, which apply optical code and wavelength division multiplexing. The simulation results indicate that the increase of the number of optical codes and the utilization of SOCC conversion, lead to considerable decrease of the Burst Blocking Probability and latency. In addition, this hybrid technology also improves the utilization of network resources.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129585714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169336
R. Panepucci, A. Zakariya, Lavanya V. K. Kudapa
We extend our flexible probe approach to enable optical coupling into planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) in high-contrast silicon photonic platform. A flexible waveguide is used to form a variable length directional coupler that inserts/extracts light from a waveguide in the wafer to the probe. Varying the length enables optimal coupling to be achieved for a wide range of probe-to-waveguide gap, materials, widths and cladding thicknesses present on a chip. In this paper we consider simulations of two designs for coupling into silicon single mode waveguides, one based on polymer waveguide and another based on silicon waveguides. Polymer coupling into nanowire waveguides allows 75% coupling, whereas silicon probe reaches 95%. The results also indicate that this approach is ideal for characterizing PLC's as the 3dB bandwidth of the probe covers the whole 1300–1700 nm fiber-optic telecommunication range. Challenging coupling length control in the range of 5–50 μm is required.
{"title":"Flexible waveguide probe for silicon-photonics wafer-level test","authors":"R. Panepucci, A. Zakariya, Lavanya V. K. Kudapa","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169336","url":null,"abstract":"We extend our flexible probe approach to enable optical coupling into planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) in high-contrast silicon photonic platform. A flexible waveguide is used to form a variable length directional coupler that inserts/extracts light from a waveguide in the wafer to the probe. Varying the length enables optimal coupling to be achieved for a wide range of probe-to-waveguide gap, materials, widths and cladding thicknesses present on a chip. In this paper we consider simulations of two designs for coupling into silicon single mode waveguides, one based on polymer waveguide and another based on silicon waveguides. Polymer coupling into nanowire waveguides allows 75% coupling, whereas silicon probe reaches 95%. The results also indicate that this approach is ideal for characterizing PLC's as the 3dB bandwidth of the probe covers the whole 1300–1700 nm fiber-optic telecommunication range. Challenging coupling length control in the range of 5–50 μm is required.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127327185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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