Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296
T. Raddo, A. Sanches, J. V. dos Reis, B. Borges
In this paper, we propose a novel optical code division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing (OCDM/WDM) optical packet switch architecture capable of supporting multirate and multi-quality of service (QoS) transmission. The main idea is to use multi-weight multi-length optical orthogonal code (MWML-OOC) as signature sequence to provide diversified data rates and services. The architecture of the proposed multiservice OCDM/WDM switch is also presented. Furthermore, in order to analyze the packet loss probability (PLP) of the switch, we derive a bit error rate (BER) expression of the MWML-OOC-based OCDM system. Finally, we show that using high codeword weight and low offered traffic lead to a better PLP.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a multirate, multiclass OCDM/WDM optical packet switch","authors":"T. Raddo, A. Sanches, J. V. dos Reis, B. Borges","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel optical code division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing (OCDM/WDM) optical packet switch architecture capable of supporting multirate and multi-quality of service (QoS) transmission. The main idea is to use multi-weight multi-length optical orthogonal code (MWML-OOC) as signature sequence to provide diversified data rates and services. The architecture of the proposed multiservice OCDM/WDM switch is also presented. Furthermore, in order to analyze the packet loss probability (PLP) of the switch, we derive a bit error rate (BER) expression of the MWML-OOC-based OCDM system. Finally, we show that using high codeword weight and low offered traffic lead to a better PLP.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227
B. Rahman, D. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K. Grattan
Full-vectorial modal field and Poynting vector profiles for silicon based nanowires are presented by using a numerically efficient and rigorous H-field finite element method. Results for novel vertical and horizontal slot waveguides are also presented showing TE and TM modes guidance through the low index dielectric regions.
{"title":"Rigorous characterization of silicon nanowires and slot waveguides","authors":"B. Rahman, D. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K. Grattan","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227","url":null,"abstract":"Full-vectorial modal field and Poynting vector profiles for silicon based nanowires are presented by using a numerically efficient and rigorous H-field finite element method. Results for novel vertical and horizontal slot waveguides are also presented showing TE and TM modes guidance through the low index dielectric regions.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121916268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169319
B. Angeli, E. Mobilon, A. Bordonalli, E. I. de Betou
This paper presents the design and development of an optical burst mode receiver for next generation passive optical network based on commercially integrated circuits, as well as the prototype performance regarding the loud/soft ratio imposed by the network. An experimental test setup was arranged for performance and characterization purposes, with results well within network general specification.
{"title":"2.5 Gbits/s burst mode receiver for NG-PON","authors":"B. Angeli, E. Mobilon, A. Bordonalli, E. I. de Betou","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169319","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and development of an optical burst mode receiver for next generation passive optical network based on commercially integrated circuits, as well as the prototype performance regarding the loud/soft ratio imposed by the network. An experimental test setup was arranged for performance and characterization purposes, with results well within network general specification.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124484202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169275
A. Ximenes, J. Swart
The exponential growth of wireless communication in portable device market has been increasing the demand for very flexible RF transceivers, including the ability of communicating in an unpredictable environment, from very weak to highly powered signal levels without losing its functionality. In this paper we present an automatic continuous gain control CMOS receiver for 2.4GHz ISM band with minimum NF of 1.45dB at highest gain mode, ICP of −9dBm at lowest gain mode, and gain variation of 30dB, from 40dB to 10dB. It contains a continuous variable gain LNA, a down-conversion Mixer and a RMS-detector consuming 30mW under 1.8V power supply.
{"title":"Analog automatic gain control (AGC) CMOS WLAN direct conversion receiver (DCR)","authors":"A. Ximenes, J. Swart","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169275","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential growth of wireless communication in portable device market has been increasing the demand for very flexible RF transceivers, including the ability of communicating in an unpredictable environment, from very weak to highly powered signal levels without losing its functionality. In this paper we present an automatic continuous gain control CMOS receiver for 2.4GHz ISM band with minimum NF of 1.45dB at highest gain mode, ICP of −9dBm at lowest gain mode, and gain variation of 30dB, from 40dB to 10dB. It contains a continuous variable gain LNA, a down-conversion Mixer and a RMS-detector consuming 30mW under 1.8V power supply.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124194714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169329
L. Negri, Guilherme Zilli, Cleberson da Cunha, A. Ramos, H. Kalinowski, J. L. Fabris, A. Paterno
This work reports the simultaneous use of electrical impedance spectroscopy and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) refractive index sensing in the estimation of the main components of specific fuel mixtures. Fuel samples containing gasoline, dehydrated ethanol, diesel, and kerosene were analyzed. Electrical impedance spectra and FBG sensor signals were registered for each mixture. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to estimate the ethanol concentration using the information from both sensors separately and to illustrate the methodology of fusing data from sensors that measure electrical permittivity at different frequency ranges, namely, an electrical impedance sensor and the etched FBG refractometric sensor. The behavior of the ANN to fuse data and the individual analysis of the sensor signals indicated that the joint use of the proposed techniques enhance the fuel estimation quality when compared to the usage of a singleton sensor.
{"title":"FBG refractometry and electrical impedance analysis in fuel samples characterization","authors":"L. Negri, Guilherme Zilli, Cleberson da Cunha, A. Ramos, H. Kalinowski, J. L. Fabris, A. Paterno","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169329","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the simultaneous use of electrical impedance spectroscopy and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) refractive index sensing in the estimation of the main components of specific fuel mixtures. Fuel samples containing gasoline, dehydrated ethanol, diesel, and kerosene were analyzed. Electrical impedance spectra and FBG sensor signals were registered for each mixture. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to estimate the ethanol concentration using the information from both sensors separately and to illustrate the methodology of fusing data from sensors that measure electrical permittivity at different frequency ranges, namely, an electrical impedance sensor and the etched FBG refractometric sensor. The behavior of the ANN to fuse data and the individual analysis of the sensor signals indicated that the joint use of the proposed techniques enhance the fuel estimation quality when compared to the usage of a singleton sensor.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128577061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169221
A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, B. Little, S. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, D. Moss
We report a CMOS-compatible monolithic device for the amplitude and phase characterization of ultrafast optical pulses based on FWM, working up to 1THz bandwidth and 100ps time-duration thanks to a new phase-recovery algorithm for X-SPIDER.
{"title":"Measurement of high time-bandwidth pulses on a chip with a phase sensitive optical oscilloscope","authors":"A. Pasquazi, M. Peccianti, B. Little, S. Chu, R. Morandotti, J. Azaña, D. Moss","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169221","url":null,"abstract":"We report a CMOS-compatible monolithic device for the amplitude and phase characterization of ultrafast optical pulses based on FWM, working up to 1THz bandwidth and 100ps time-duration thanks to a new phase-recovery algorithm for X-SPIDER.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169349
V. A. Machado, C. N. Silva, R. J. M. Silva, B. S. L. Castro, I. R. Gomes, C. R. L. Frances, G. P. S. Cavalcante, J. C. W. A. Costa
This paper presents a propagation model for prediction of path loss and performance parameters (throughput and frame loss) on OFDM-based networks. For this study, measurements on a 5.8 GHz Wimax network were carried out. The proposed model parameters have been adjusted by LS (Least Squares) optimization, using measured data as reference. The results show that the proposed model has a good agreement with the measurements. Futures works can consider an adjustment for a set of frequencies. For this purpose, extensive measurements campaigns will be carried out.
{"title":"Cross layer model to predict performance parameters on OFDM-based wireless networks","authors":"V. A. Machado, C. N. Silva, R. J. M. Silva, B. S. L. Castro, I. R. Gomes, C. R. L. Frances, G. P. S. Cavalcante, J. C. W. A. Costa","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a propagation model for prediction of path loss and performance parameters (throughput and frame loss) on OFDM-based networks. For this study, measurements on a 5.8 GHz Wimax network were carried out. The proposed model parameters have been adjusted by LS (Least Squares) optimization, using measured data as reference. The results show that the proposed model has a good agreement with the measurements. Futures works can consider an adjustment for a set of frequencies. For this purpose, extensive measurements campaigns will be carried out.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124787257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367
Matheus O. L. Benincá, M. Pontes, M. Segatto
This paper presents a new design methodology for hybrid optical amplifiers operating simultaneously at C-and L-bands. Our configuration uses an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) operating as a booster to obtain optical gain over the C-band and a Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) to provide gain over the L-band and control the gain ripple. The amplifier performance was computed in terms of on-off gain and ripple, Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), and Noise Figure (NF). Our results show on-off gain from 17 dB with ripple up to 2 dB over a 65 nm bandwidth. The OSNR was higher than 35 dB with NF lower than 4 dB at 120 km. Fiber links from 90 km up to 180 km have been analyzed.
{"title":"Design of a wideband hybrid EDFA with a Fiber Raman Amplifier","authors":"Matheus O. L. Benincá, M. Pontes, M. Segatto","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design methodology for hybrid optical amplifiers operating simultaneously at C-and L-bands. Our configuration uses an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) operating as a booster to obtain optical gain over the C-band and a Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) to provide gain over the L-band and control the gain ripple. The amplifier performance was computed in terms of on-off gain and ripple, Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), and Noise Figure (NF). Our results show on-off gain from 17 dB with ripple up to 2 dB over a 65 nm bandwidth. The OSNR was higher than 35 dB with NF lower than 4 dB at 120 km. Fiber links from 90 km up to 180 km have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126895717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348
C. Loureiro, H. Hernández-Figueroa, Sergio Santos Muhlen, C. Bertuzzo
Establishing the biological effects and the safe level of exposure to ionizing radiation remains, so far, an objective to be reached. Mammography is an important exam in the early detection of breast tumors, but since the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified as a main cause of hereditary breast cancer, there is growing concern of exposing patients carrying those mutations to ionizing radiation. It could increase mutations in these genes and other suppressors, and promote the development of tumor in those patients. In this study we propose an in vitro initial experiment aiming to determine the radiation trigger level for detectable mutations in genes BRCA, and thus a safer level of radiation due to mammography for patients carrying a mutated allele of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. Breast cells from one patient were cultivated and irradiated with different doses of X-rays generated by commercial mammography equipment. The results have shown that exposition to ionizing radiation promotes measurable alterations in breast cell grown.
{"title":"Radiation from mammography: Diagnostic or cancer induction?","authors":"C. Loureiro, H. Hernández-Figueroa, Sergio Santos Muhlen, C. Bertuzzo","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing the biological effects and the safe level of exposure to ionizing radiation remains, so far, an objective to be reached. Mammography is an important exam in the early detection of breast tumors, but since the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified as a main cause of hereditary breast cancer, there is growing concern of exposing patients carrying those mutations to ionizing radiation. It could increase mutations in these genes and other suppressors, and promote the development of tumor in those patients. In this study we propose an in vitro initial experiment aiming to determine the radiation trigger level for detectable mutations in genes BRCA, and thus a safer level of radiation due to mammography for patients carrying a mutated allele of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. Breast cells from one patient were cultivated and irradiated with different doses of X-rays generated by commercial mammography equipment. The results have shown that exposition to ionizing radiation promotes measurable alterations in breast cell grown.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127435832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169258
J. Carmo, J. Correia
This paper presents a frequency synthesizer for the frequency of 2.4 GHz, which were designed to present a reduced level of reference frequency spurs. Parts of the synthesizer were fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process, whose architecture is based on a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) with an integer divider in the feedback loop and was designed to work with a voltage supply of only 1.8 V. Some building blocks are reused thus the novelty of this paper is presenting a PLL with two new blocks for reducing the magnitude of spurs of the process, e.g., a sample-and-hold circuit and a quantizer circuit (with N quantizing levels). The PLL behaviour was simulated for a few number of levels — N={32, 64, 128} — and for a variety of loop-filters. As showed by the simulations, the quantizations provide an additional reduction of the reference-frequency spurs into the output of the PLL. Moreover, the locking time is kept low even after including the two new circuit blocks in the loop
{"title":"PLL at 2.4 GHz with reduced reference spurs","authors":"J. Carmo, J. Correia","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a frequency synthesizer for the frequency of 2.4 GHz, which were designed to present a reduced level of reference frequency spurs. Parts of the synthesizer were fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process, whose architecture is based on a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) with an integer divider in the feedback loop and was designed to work with a voltage supply of only 1.8 V. Some building blocks are reused thus the novelty of this paper is presenting a PLL with two new blocks for reducing the magnitude of spurs of the process, e.g., a sample-and-hold circuit and a quantizer circuit (with N quantizing levels). The PLL behaviour was simulated for a few number of levels — N={32, 64, 128} — and for a variety of loop-filters. As showed by the simulations, the quantizations provide an additional reduction of the reference-frequency spurs into the output of the PLL. Moreover, the locking time is kept low even after including the two new circuit blocks in the loop","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130199154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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