Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227
B. Rahman, D. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K. Grattan
Full-vectorial modal field and Poynting vector profiles for silicon based nanowires are presented by using a numerically efficient and rigorous H-field finite element method. Results for novel vertical and horizontal slot waveguides are also presented showing TE and TM modes guidance through the low index dielectric regions.
{"title":"Rigorous characterization of silicon nanowires and slot waveguides","authors":"B. Rahman, D. Leung, N. Kejalakshmy, K. Grattan","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169227","url":null,"abstract":"Full-vectorial modal field and Poynting vector profiles for silicon based nanowires are presented by using a numerically efficient and rigorous H-field finite element method. Results for novel vertical and horizontal slot waveguides are also presented showing TE and TM modes guidance through the low index dielectric regions.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121916268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169397
E. F. Melo, E. Fontana
Optical sensors based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect are generally designed in a prism coupling configuration. Metal gratings can also be used to support surface plasmons, in turn allowing for the design of alternative, SPR based, sensor configurations. Determination of design parameters for developing such sensors is an important step for fabrication of these devices. In this paper the spectral dependence of sinusoidal metal grating parameters, represented by amplitude and periodicity, for front surface sensors is calculated to allow maximum sensitivity of the device. Results may be an important tool for those investigators involved in developing new applications of the technique.
{"title":"Optimization of metal gratings for SPR sensing applications","authors":"E. F. Melo, E. Fontana","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169397","url":null,"abstract":"Optical sensors based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect are generally designed in a prism coupling configuration. Metal gratings can also be used to support surface plasmons, in turn allowing for the design of alternative, SPR based, sensor configurations. Determination of design parameters for developing such sensors is an important step for fabrication of these devices. In this paper the spectral dependence of sinusoidal metal grating parameters, represented by amplitude and periodicity, for front surface sensors is calculated to allow maximum sensitivity of the device. Results may be an important tool for those investigators involved in developing new applications of the technique.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121974824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367
Matheus O. L. Benincá, M. Pontes, M. Segatto
This paper presents a new design methodology for hybrid optical amplifiers operating simultaneously at C-and L-bands. Our configuration uses an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) operating as a booster to obtain optical gain over the C-band and a Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) to provide gain over the L-band and control the gain ripple. The amplifier performance was computed in terms of on-off gain and ripple, Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), and Noise Figure (NF). Our results show on-off gain from 17 dB with ripple up to 2 dB over a 65 nm bandwidth. The OSNR was higher than 35 dB with NF lower than 4 dB at 120 km. Fiber links from 90 km up to 180 km have been analyzed.
{"title":"Design of a wideband hybrid EDFA with a Fiber Raman Amplifier","authors":"Matheus O. L. Benincá, M. Pontes, M. Segatto","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design methodology for hybrid optical amplifiers operating simultaneously at C-and L-bands. Our configuration uses an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) operating as a booster to obtain optical gain over the C-band and a Distributed Raman Amplifier (DRA) to provide gain over the L-band and control the gain ripple. The amplifier performance was computed in terms of on-off gain and ripple, Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), and Noise Figure (NF). Our results show on-off gain from 17 dB with ripple up to 2 dB over a 65 nm bandwidth. The OSNR was higher than 35 dB with NF lower than 4 dB at 120 km. Fiber links from 90 km up to 180 km have been analyzed.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126895717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348
C. Loureiro, H. Hernández-Figueroa, Sergio Santos Muhlen, C. Bertuzzo
Establishing the biological effects and the safe level of exposure to ionizing radiation remains, so far, an objective to be reached. Mammography is an important exam in the early detection of breast tumors, but since the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified as a main cause of hereditary breast cancer, there is growing concern of exposing patients carrying those mutations to ionizing radiation. It could increase mutations in these genes and other suppressors, and promote the development of tumor in those patients. In this study we propose an in vitro initial experiment aiming to determine the radiation trigger level for detectable mutations in genes BRCA, and thus a safer level of radiation due to mammography for patients carrying a mutated allele of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. Breast cells from one patient were cultivated and irradiated with different doses of X-rays generated by commercial mammography equipment. The results have shown that exposition to ionizing radiation promotes measurable alterations in breast cell grown.
{"title":"Radiation from mammography: Diagnostic or cancer induction?","authors":"C. Loureiro, H. Hernández-Figueroa, Sergio Santos Muhlen, C. Bertuzzo","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169348","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing the biological effects and the safe level of exposure to ionizing radiation remains, so far, an objective to be reached. Mammography is an important exam in the early detection of breast tumors, but since the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified as a main cause of hereditary breast cancer, there is growing concern of exposing patients carrying those mutations to ionizing radiation. It could increase mutations in these genes and other suppressors, and promote the development of tumor in those patients. In this study we propose an in vitro initial experiment aiming to determine the radiation trigger level for detectable mutations in genes BRCA, and thus a safer level of radiation due to mammography for patients carrying a mutated allele of the genes BRCA1 or BRCA2. Breast cells from one patient were cultivated and irradiated with different doses of X-rays generated by commercial mammography equipment. The results have shown that exposition to ionizing radiation promotes measurable alterations in breast cell grown.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127435832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169270
Rodrigo C. de Freitas, J. Martins-Filho, Rodrigo C. L. Silva, C. Bastos-Filho, Helder A. Pereira, D. Chaves
In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to restore calls upon double-link failures in all-optical networks. Our proposal aims to restore all the lightpaths disrupted by each failure. The algorithm performs a path restoration looking for the route that presents the higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). We compared our proposal to three other well known approaches in the literature. We observed that our proposal obtained lower failure rates in the restoration process for three different studied scenarios considering several physical layer impairments.
{"title":"A novel double-link failure restoration algorithm based on optical signal-to-noise ratio for all-optical networks","authors":"Rodrigo C. de Freitas, J. Martins-Filho, Rodrigo C. L. Silva, C. Bastos-Filho, Helder A. Pereira, D. Chaves","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169270","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to restore calls upon double-link failures in all-optical networks. Our proposal aims to restore all the lightpaths disrupted by each failure. The algorithm performs a path restoration looking for the route that presents the higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). We compared our proposal to three other well known approaches in the literature. We observed that our proposal obtained lower failure rates in the restoration process for three different studied scenarios considering several physical layer impairments.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296
T. Raddo, A. Sanches, J. V. dos Reis, B. Borges
In this paper, we propose a novel optical code division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing (OCDM/WDM) optical packet switch architecture capable of supporting multirate and multi-quality of service (QoS) transmission. The main idea is to use multi-weight multi-length optical orthogonal code (MWML-OOC) as signature sequence to provide diversified data rates and services. The architecture of the proposed multiservice OCDM/WDM switch is also presented. Furthermore, in order to analyze the packet loss probability (PLP) of the switch, we derive a bit error rate (BER) expression of the MWML-OOC-based OCDM system. Finally, we show that using high codeword weight and low offered traffic lead to a better PLP.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a multirate, multiclass OCDM/WDM optical packet switch","authors":"T. Raddo, A. Sanches, J. V. dos Reis, B. Borges","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169296","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel optical code division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing (OCDM/WDM) optical packet switch architecture capable of supporting multirate and multi-quality of service (QoS) transmission. The main idea is to use multi-weight multi-length optical orthogonal code (MWML-OOC) as signature sequence to provide diversified data rates and services. The architecture of the proposed multiservice OCDM/WDM switch is also presented. Furthermore, in order to analyze the packet loss probability (PLP) of the switch, we derive a bit error rate (BER) expression of the MWML-OOC-based OCDM system. Finally, we show that using high codeword weight and low offered traffic lead to a better PLP.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114901282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169245
M. Heckler, A. Dreher
This paper presents the formulation to apply the discrete mode matching (DMM) method to analyze microstrip multilayer structures, such as transmission lines and antennas conformed to cylinders. The main advantage of the method is the need of discretization only along the azimuthal and the axial directions by sampling the fields and current densities in the interfaces between dielectric layers. The solution in the radial direction is obtained analytically with the dyadic Green's function, which is calculated using the full-wave equivalent circuit (FWEC) in the spectral domain. The method is used to analyze two structures: a multilayer conformal transmission line and a conformal antenna. Validation with the commercial software HFSS has been done and good agreement between the results has been observed.
{"title":"Discrete mode matching analysis of cylindrical microstrip structures","authors":"M. Heckler, A. Dreher","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169245","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the formulation to apply the discrete mode matching (DMM) method to analyze microstrip multilayer structures, such as transmission lines and antennas conformed to cylinders. The main advantage of the method is the need of discretization only along the azimuthal and the axial directions by sampling the fields and current densities in the interfaces between dielectric layers. The solution in the radial direction is obtained analytically with the dyadic Green's function, which is calculated using the full-wave equivalent circuit (FWEC) in the spectral domain. The method is used to analyze two structures: a multilayer conformal transmission line and a conformal antenna. Validation with the commercial software HFSS has been done and good agreement between the results has been observed.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116602172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169341
E. Almeida, F. de S. Chaves, R. Iida, E. Souza, R. Vieira
In order to have the White Spaces of the UHF broadcast band (470–790 MHz) in use by unlicensed users, new implementation challenges and special efforts still need to be done. Regulators can significantly impact the feasibility of implementation through requirements on sensing thresholds or by defining emission limits of unlicensed users. This paper addresses the emission limits of unlicensed users according to ECC approach, where the maximum output power is calculated for each location and for each device type/class. The problem of coexistence between white space devices and DTT broadcast service for the operation modes considered in CEPT is discussed and evaluated through simulations. With the obtained results, we discuss the relevancy of parameters stored in the geo-location database.
{"title":"Maximum permitted transmit power of white space devices operating on TV spectrum","authors":"E. Almeida, F. de S. Chaves, R. Iida, E. Souza, R. Vieira","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169341","url":null,"abstract":"In order to have the White Spaces of the UHF broadcast band (470–790 MHz) in use by unlicensed users, new implementation challenges and special efforts still need to be done. Regulators can significantly impact the feasibility of implementation through requirements on sensing thresholds or by defining emission limits of unlicensed users. This paper addresses the emission limits of unlicensed users according to ECC approach, where the maximum output power is calculated for each location and for each device type/class. The problem of coexistence between white space devices and DTT broadcast service for the operation modes considered in CEPT is discussed and evaluated through simulations. With the obtained results, we discuss the relevancy of parameters stored in the geo-location database.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169252
M. Fugihara, J. Marconi, F. Callegari, H. Fragnito
We present a field-trial evaluation of an in-line fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) without polarization dependent gain (PDG). This parametric amplifier uses a polarization diversity technique (PDT) to reduce the PDG to less than 0.05 dB. We analyzed the performance of a system with an in-line FOPA comparing the results of its bit-error-rate (BER) with the BER of a system with an in-line Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). FOPA presented a power penalty that was 0.7dB higher than the one obtained with the EDFA, showing that the PDG was effectively suppressed with the PDT.
{"title":"Field-trial demonstration of a one-pump fiber optics parametric amplifier with independent polarization gain","authors":"M. Fugihara, J. Marconi, F. Callegari, H. Fragnito","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169252","url":null,"abstract":"We present a field-trial evaluation of an in-line fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) without polarization dependent gain (PDG). This parametric amplifier uses a polarization diversity technique (PDT) to reduce the PDG to less than 0.05 dB. We analyzed the performance of a system with an in-line FOPA comparing the results of its bit-error-rate (BER) with the BER of a system with an in-line Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). FOPA presented a power penalty that was 0.7dB higher than the one obtained with the EDFA, showing that the PDG was effectively suppressed with the PDT.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134092237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-01DOI: 10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169352
Edgar Silva, Elisson A. D. Lima, G. Carrijo
In this paper we propose a three-dimensional (3D) extension of the two-dimensional (2D) improved heuristic diffraction coefficient and investigate the diffraction contribution using a 3D UTD wedge diffraction for a LOS microcellular model. Our 3D street waveguide model congregates the derivation of a 3D precise ray-geometry, strict polarization, a 3D improved heuristic diffraction coefficient, and vectorial and field radiation pattern analyses.
{"title":"A three-dimensional microcellular Line-of-Sight propagation model using UTD wedge diffraction","authors":"Edgar Silva, Elisson A. D. Lima, G. Carrijo","doi":"10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMOC.2011.6169352","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a three-dimensional (3D) extension of the two-dimensional (2D) improved heuristic diffraction coefficient and investigate the diffraction contribution using a 3D UTD wedge diffraction for a LOS microcellular model. Our 3D street waveguide model congregates the derivation of a 3D precise ray-geometry, strict polarization, a 3D improved heuristic diffraction coefficient, and vectorial and field radiation pattern analyses.","PeriodicalId":179351,"journal":{"name":"2011 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2011)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134398576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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