Laryngo-rhino-otologie最新文献

Salivary gland carcinomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant tumors, accounting for 3-6% of all malignant tumors in the head and neck region. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates are 83%, 69% and 63% respectively. Due to new molecular pathological and genetic findings, new entities are constantly being defined as part of the recurring WHO classification of salivary gland carcinomas, so that the incidence rates of the entities are subject to constant change. The only certain risk factor for the development of salivary gland carcinomas is ionizing radiation. In addition, large tumors, cervical lymph node involvement and perineural sheath involvement significantly worsen the prognosis. Today, molecular pathology is coming to the fore, with which potential targets have been identified that can offer prognosis-improving treatment options, particularly in recurrent or distant metastatic stages. Entity-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as axitinib in adenoid cystic carcinoma or larotrectinib in secretory carcinoma and cross-entity therapies such as HER2 inhibition and androgen deprivation can prolong median and progression-free survival with a favorable side effect profile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the representation of women in the German-speaking scientific publication landscape of otorhinolaryngology.Authorship was analyzed based on articles published between 2013 and 2023 in the two largest otorhinolaryngology journals (Laryngorhinootologie, HNO) to determine the frequency and percentage of gender distribution among first and last authorships.A total of 2,631 articles were examined. Women were first authors in 699 articles (26.6%) and last authors in 384 articles (14.6%). Clear trends indicating an increase in the proportion of women were observed: First-author publications rose from 19.9% to 34.5% over the analyzed 10-year period, while last-author publications increased from 9.4% to 19.0%.The proportion of women publishing as first or last authors in otorhinolaryngology is rising but remains low. Efforts to promote gender diversity could further increase the proportion of women among the authors in otorhinolaryngology literature.

A cystic lateral neck mass in adults represents a major challenge, as it can be difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. The incidence of carcinoma in initially benign treated neck cysts is estimated to be as high as 24%. The objective of this study was to ascertain the malignancy rate of cystic cervical masses and to provide a differentiation of cervical metastases in comparison to benign cervical cysts, utilising current guidelines.Between 2013 and 2023, a total of 155 patients with a suspected diagnosis of lateral neck cyst were recruited at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at our University Hospital. All patients underwent cyst removal, either alone or in conjunction with panendoscopy.A histologically confirmed ipsilateral lymph node metastasis was identified in 21.9% of patients. The mean age of patients with malignant neck masses was significantly higher than that of patients with benign neck masses (64.0±12.8 versus 41.0±15.8; p<0.001). The probability of malignancy was low in patients younger than 54 years (11%), but increased markedly to 80% in the age group of 60-69 years. The clinical sensitivity for initial suspicion of a benign neck cyst was 60.3%, while the specificity was 48.7%.An individualized approach is necessary for the early diagnosis and treatment of unilateral neck cysts, as this condition requires a multifaceted assessment based on the patient's medical history, clinical findings, imaging, and clinical expertise. We advise that patients over the age of 40 years undergo image morphological staging, a "no-touch" panendoscopy, and histological confirmation.