Laryngo-rhino-otologie最新文献

Dizziness is one of the most common reasons for medical consultations. The interdisciplinary range of differential diagnoses often leads to difficulties in proper classification. Artificial intelligence and machine learning can assist through data-driven algorithms and facilitate the collection of important clinical signs as digital biomarkers. The article will present and critically discuss the current evidence on the topic.

The Freiburg speech test is based on an absolute percentage, non-adaptive measurement method for determining speech intelligibility. Adaptive level control makes it possible to precisely and efficiently determine the 50 % speech intelligibility threshold (50 %-SVS) by individually adjusting the speech sound level. Memmeler et al. already successfully conducted the Freiburg monosyllabic test adaptively in noise (aFBE-S) and developed a shortened version based on existing data. The aim of this study was to test the practical applicability of the shortened aFBE-S with 3, 4 and 5 test lists and to compare it with the adaptive Oldenburg sentence test (OLSA-S).40 otologically healthy subjects (18-30 years) took part. They completed the aFBE-S with 3, 4 and 5 test lists and the OLSA-S in random order. The averaged signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the time required and the influence of gender and order of measurements were investigated.There were no significant differences between the SNR values of the shortened aFBE-S with 3, 4 and 5 test lists and those of the OLSA-S. There were also no significant differences between the results of the aFBE-S with 3, 4 and 5 test lists. The order and gender did not influence the results. The performance of the shortened aFBE-S was significantly faster than that of the OLSA-S and showed less variability.Compared to the OLSA-S, the shortened aFBE-S with 3, 4 and 5 test lists provides comparable SNR values in a shorter test time. The aFBE-S with 3 test lists proves to be sufficient and can be recommended for clinical practice.

Trauma-related inner ear disorders following head impacts can have various causes. The use of the more recent classification of temporal bone fractures into "otic capsule sparing" (OCS) and "otic capsule violating" (OCV) is useful in the context of medical assessment. The available imaging is often insufficient, and the consequences of otic capsule fractures are underestimated in emergency management. Therefore, indirect signs (e. g., hemotympanum, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea, facial palsy) often must be evaluated. Even without radiological evidence of a fracture, temporary inner ear damage can occur, particularly through the mechanism of a head-impact acoustic trauma. Typical findings include hearing loss with a c5-notch, sometimes accompanied by tinnitus, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) respectively. Persistent disorders may result not only from fractures but also from hemorrhage within the labyrinth. However, these are rarely detected in acute diagnostics and are therefore difficult to prove causally. If vertigo and dizziness persist after a head injury and symptoms worsen, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD, functional dizziness syndrome) must be considered. Tinnitus invariably occurs in combination with a structurally and objectively verifiable hearing impairment.

Using available literature, the development of audiological simulation tests in the field of military medicine in the second half of the 19th century in Germany is presented. Starting with the speech distance test, various procedures, some of which are technically and equipment-intensive, such as Lucae's interference apparatus, Teuber's double-tube apparatus and the Kalcic telephone are presented.