Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).03
Fareeha Sarwar
Ethnicity is the identity of an individual with respect to its culture, religion, ancestral pattern, norms and values, which by a person can give its identification. People of the same ethnicity lives together, becomes their group. The similarities or differences of people in their cultures can be languages, food, rituals, nationality, norms, and values that identify their ethnicity. In ethnic groups, Diabetes Mellitus Type-II is becoming very common. Diabetes type-II is a global disease nowadays, but in some ethnic groups, it is at higher risk, like in Africans, Hispanics and Native Americans. Some ethnic group have their specific ethnic foods. For this, the descriptive methodology has been used for the collection of data, including methods of an in-depth interview. From this above discussion, it has been concluded that some ethnic groups are at high risk of diabetes type 2, and some ethnic foods, which include those ingredients which are the risk factors of diabetes type II, should not be taken to reduce the risk of Diabetes type-II.
{"title":"Ethnicity, Ethnic Food And Diabetes Mellitus Type-II","authors":"Fareeha Sarwar","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).03","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnicity is the identity of an individual with respect to its culture, religion, ancestral pattern, norms and values, which by a person can give its identification. People of the same ethnicity lives together, becomes their group. The similarities or differences of people in their cultures can be languages, food, rituals, nationality, norms, and values that identify their ethnicity. In ethnic groups, Diabetes Mellitus Type-II is becoming very common. Diabetes type-II is a global disease nowadays, but in some ethnic groups, it is at higher risk, like in Africans, Hispanics and Native Americans. Some ethnic group have their specific ethnic foods. For this, the descriptive methodology has been used for the collection of data, including methods of an in-depth interview. From this above discussion, it has been concluded that some ethnic groups are at high risk of diabetes type 2, and some ethnic foods, which include those ingredients which are the risk factors of diabetes type II, should not be taken to reduce the risk of Diabetes type-II.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129949269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).05
Shahzadi Sattar, Rahila Arshad
Leadership concept can be an approached through various points of view, including administrative, army, community, spiritual, or business perspectives. Islamic banking is also known as by name non-enthusiasm banking, the bank is dependent on Islamic or Sharia law standards, and the guidance is provided by Islamic financial matters. Data compiled from performance appraisal models help in the compensation roles and progression of the employee's career. The study's framework has proposed to find out the outcomes of the Islamic leadership in the banking sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model developed according to the social exchange theory. Islamic leadership is a newly developed concept. In this study, we contribute practically to the literature in which Islamic leadership was a newly developed concept in the research. This study concludes that Islamic leadership has a positive relationship with Islamic human resource practices, and Islamic work ethic plays a mediating role. The results recommend that if the supervisor has direction influenced by the Islamic way with the Islamic human resource practices in the organization and the resultants, the Islamic work ethics would be promoted.
{"title":"Impact of Islamic Leadership on Islamic Work Ethics: Islamic HR Practices as a Mediating Role in the Islamic Banking Sector of Pakistan","authors":"Shahzadi Sattar, Rahila Arshad","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership concept can be an approached through various points of view, including administrative, army, community, spiritual, or business perspectives. Islamic banking is also known as by name non-enthusiasm banking, the bank is dependent on Islamic or Sharia law standards, and the guidance is provided by Islamic financial matters. Data compiled from performance appraisal models help in the compensation roles and progression of the employee's career. The study's framework has proposed to find out the outcomes of the Islamic leadership in the banking sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model developed according to the social exchange theory. Islamic leadership is a newly developed concept. In this study, we contribute practically to the literature in which Islamic leadership was a newly developed concept in the research. This study concludes that Islamic leadership has a positive relationship with Islamic human resource practices, and Islamic work ethic plays a mediating role. The results recommend that if the supervisor has direction influenced by the Islamic way with the Islamic human resource practices in the organization and the resultants, the Islamic work ethics would be promoted.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125748807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).02
Faiza Khatoon
This paper is about preservation activities, especially the old mosque in Rawalpindi. Ethnography study has not been much of the focus point of academic research; the aim of the researcher was not only to promote visual ethnography but also preserve them in writing and photography the old Jamia Masjid of the Rawalpindi, for preservation programs are approaches to reproduction, restoration, maintenance, redevelopment, rehabilitation and consolidation. The study is descriptive in nature. The descriptive study refers to the way of studying contributors in a valid and precised manner. This study helps to an obliging contribution in anthropological literature. Scope of the study heritage and artefacts provide the basis for culture to have its own indigenous identity. The material artefacts need preservation which will educate the upcoming generation.
{"title":"Ethnographic Study On Preservation Of Jamia Masjid Rawalpindi","authors":"Faiza Khatoon","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about preservation activities, especially the old mosque in Rawalpindi. Ethnography study has not been much of the focus point of academic research; the aim of the researcher was not only to promote visual ethnography but also preserve them in writing and photography the old Jamia Masjid of the Rawalpindi, for preservation programs are approaches to reproduction, restoration, maintenance, redevelopment, rehabilitation and consolidation. The study is descriptive in nature. The descriptive study refers to the way of studying contributors in a valid and precised manner. This study helps to an obliging contribution in anthropological literature. Scope of the study heritage and artefacts provide the basis for culture to have its own indigenous identity. The material artefacts need preservation which will educate the upcoming generation.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).01
Shahzadi Sattar, Danish Mushtaq, Amna Mushtaq
The deliberate, cognizant utilization of animosity (as an operant) to shape and control the reactions of subordinates and increase consistency with orders, hierarchical guidelines and casual standards is known as punitive supervision. In this study, we investigate the relationship between punitive supervision and employee performance by using employee exhaustion as a mediating role in the model. The target population in the investigation is the hospitality sector, including hotels and restaurants in south Punjab. The research was quantitative in nature. We developed a questionnaire from existing literature. The research sector of the survey was the Hospitality sector, and we choose a management level of the hotel industry. The framework of the investigation has proposed the search out the outcomes of the punitive supervision in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model was developed according to the social exchange theory. Punitive supervision is a newly developed concept. The results recommend that if the supervisor has behavior negatively then the employee was exhausted, and in the resultants, the performance of the employee was decreased.
{"title":"Impact of Punitive Supervision on Employee Performance: Employees Exhaustion as a Mediating Role in The Hospitality Sector of Pakistan","authors":"Shahzadi Sattar, Danish Mushtaq, Amna Mushtaq","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).01","url":null,"abstract":"The deliberate, cognizant utilization of animosity (as an operant) to shape and control the reactions of subordinates and increase consistency with orders, hierarchical guidelines and casual standards is known as punitive supervision. In this study, we investigate the relationship between punitive supervision and employee performance by using employee exhaustion as a mediating role in the model. The target population in the investigation is the hospitality sector, including hotels and restaurants in south Punjab. The research was quantitative in nature. We developed a questionnaire from existing literature. The research sector of the survey was the Hospitality sector, and we choose a management level of the hotel industry. The framework of the investigation has proposed the search out the outcomes of the punitive supervision in the hospitality sector of Pakistan. In this study, the model was developed according to the social exchange theory. Punitive supervision is a newly developed concept. The results recommend that if the supervisor has behavior negatively then the employee was exhausted, and in the resultants, the performance of the employee was decreased.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133898317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).04
Aftab Ahmed, A. G. Chaudhry
Pakistan's aging population is increasing daily. This paper uncovered the comparative relationship between marital status and disease manifestation among older persons. Maximum participation of older persons was in category 66-70 years. Data reveals; widowed women were suffering more as compared to older men of same age. The percentile reflects that 68.8 percent of women were hypertensive, 57.1 percent had heart problems, 70.6 percent suffered diabetes, 66.7 percent were affected by arthritis, 62.5 percent faced asthma issues and 40.9 percent were caught by other diseases. The study concludes that women in older age need more attention and care for their wellbeing.
{"title":"Gender, Marital Status and Disease Profile: A Case Study of Older's Wellbeing","authors":"Aftab Ahmed, A. G. Chaudhry","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2019(ii-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan's aging population is increasing daily. This paper uncovered the comparative relationship between marital status and disease manifestation among older persons. Maximum participation of older persons was in category 66-70 years. Data reveals; widowed women were suffering more as compared to older men of same age. The percentile reflects that 68.8 percent of women were hypertensive, 57.1 percent had heart problems, 70.6 percent suffered diabetes, 66.7 percent were affected by arthritis, 62.5 percent faced asthma issues and 40.9 percent were caught by other diseases. The study concludes that women in older age need more attention and care for their wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131715038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).02
Sajjad Akhter, Asma Sikandar
The study determined the object to explore the dynamics of change, occurred due to the establishment of canal irrigation under colonial administration. The research work has suggested the shift in patterns of agriculture under the scheme of settlement along with a new irrigation system. The additional trade pattern was based upon the exchange of raw material with the finished goods from abroad, particularly from the United Kingdom, which also drove the new phase of social development in the lives of the people of this region. In the Canal Colonies in British Punjab, the British government tried its level best to increase the production of crops to fulfil the gap between supply and demand. The conflict arose between the past and present dominant classes. The study also emphasized its basic objective to explore the ratio of development in the District Multan due to the establishment of the Sidhnai Canal Colony. The district remained prominent always in the past and even under British rule just due to its central geographical position. The perennial Canal system and the scheme of Sidhnai Canal Colony changed the whole landscape and economy of the Multan District, which had a far-reaching impact on the lives of the people of this region.
{"title":"Urbanization in Punjab due to the Establishment of the Canal Colonies","authors":"Sajjad Akhter, Asma Sikandar","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).02","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the object to explore the dynamics of change, occurred due to the establishment of canal irrigation under colonial administration. The research work has suggested the shift in patterns of agriculture under the scheme of settlement along with a new irrigation system. The additional trade pattern was based upon the exchange of raw material with the finished goods from abroad, particularly from the United Kingdom, which also drove the new phase of social development in the lives of the people of this region. In the Canal Colonies in British Punjab, the British government tried its level best to increase the production of crops to fulfil the gap between supply and demand. The conflict arose between the past and present dominant classes. The study also emphasized its basic objective to explore the ratio of development in the District Multan due to the establishment of the Sidhnai Canal Colony. The district remained prominent always in the past and even under British rule just due to its central geographical position. The perennial Canal system and the scheme of Sidhnai Canal Colony changed the whole landscape and economy of the Multan District, which had a far-reaching impact on the lives of the people of this region.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130230655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).05
Sufyan Arshad, A. Sultana, Kiran
Cockfighting being an uncommon old sport, is deep-seated in various rural areas of Pakistan. This study investigates the cultural and symbolic comprehension and significance of cockfighting by examining the whole process of the fight. This research was conducted in the rural areas of the Mianwali district as the activity commonly practised in secret areas. The main objectives of the study were to systematically analyze the procedures involved in the fight and exploring the underneath symbolic role of the sport in the area by using qualitative methods. Thirty cockfighters and trainers were selected and informally interviewed during the fieldwork duration. The findings of the study revealed that people of the area view cockfighting under the influence of cultural construction and follow the legacy of their elders. The social identity and symbolism involved in the fight have strengthened the status of the activity. It provides a sense of prestige and social identity to its practitioners, proving the notion of masculinity.
{"title":"The Symbolic View of Cockfighting: A Study among the Cock Fighters of Mianwali, Pakistan","authors":"Sufyan Arshad, A. Sultana, Kiran","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"Cockfighting being an uncommon old sport, is deep-seated in various rural areas of Pakistan. This study investigates the cultural and symbolic comprehension and significance of cockfighting by examining the whole process of the fight. This research was conducted in the rural areas of the Mianwali district as the activity commonly practised in secret areas. The main objectives of the study were to systematically analyze the procedures involved in the fight and exploring the underneath symbolic role of the sport in the area by using qualitative methods. Thirty cockfighters and trainers were selected and informally interviewed during the fieldwork duration. The findings of the study revealed that people of the area view cockfighting under the influence of cultural construction and follow the legacy of their elders. The social identity and symbolism involved in the fight have strengthened the status of the activity. It provides a sense of prestige and social identity to its practitioners, proving the notion of masculinity.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).04
Shahid Iqbal, Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi, K. Khan
The current study is conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Through this study, an effort has been made for analyzing the relationship between embodiment, subjectivity, and labour activity involving beauty salons workers. To comprehend the objective of the study, researchers have selected thirteen respondents through purposive and networking sampling technique, and informal interview/ discussion method has been used as a tool for the collection of data. It observed that bodies have a role to play in the power relations and in the various discourses producing the abnormal and normal bodies in the society, leading to establishing the intelligibility of the body by the gender categories. For producing one's subjectivity, the body also has an active role to play. The intelligibility of the binary gender matrix considers transgender people abnormal, making them prone to be discriminated against, socially excluded and stigmatized. Considering the labour opportunities, the observation is that the physical bodies of these people (working in beauty salons) create obstacles for attaining any formal jobs and position in the family and society. Therefore, for their survival, they choose such professions which provide the space for the subjective interpretation of their body.
{"title":"Male Bodies, Women's Souls: Personal Narratives of Beauty Salons Workers in Pakistan","authors":"Shahid Iqbal, Riaz Ahmad Muazzmi, K. Khan","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is conducted in Lahore, Pakistan. Through this study, an effort has been made for analyzing the relationship between embodiment, subjectivity, and labour activity involving beauty salons workers. To comprehend the objective of the study, researchers have selected thirteen respondents through purposive and networking sampling technique, and informal interview/ discussion method has been used as a tool for the collection of data. It observed that bodies have a role to play in the power relations and in the various discourses producing the abnormal and normal bodies in the society, leading to establishing the intelligibility of the body by the gender categories. For producing one's subjectivity, the body also has an active role to play. The intelligibility of the binary gender matrix considers transgender people abnormal, making them prone to be discriminated against, socially excluded and stigmatized. Considering the labour opportunities, the observation is that the physical bodies of these people (working in beauty salons) create obstacles for attaining any formal jobs and position in the family and society. Therefore, for their survival, they choose such professions which provide the space for the subjective interpretation of their body.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128526801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).03
Javed Mehsud, Baha Ul Haq, Ikram Badshah
Social movements emerge in all parts of the world due to feelings of discrimination, oppression, and exploitation by any dominated or powerful group. These movements are directed, purposeful, dimensional and sometimes spontaneous towards achieving the social, political and economic cause[s]. Pashtun Protection Movement emerged from miseries, atrocities, humiliation on the hands of combating groups, unnecessary checking at security check posts, bloodshed spreading in the area during sixteen years of militancy, and security operations in North and South Waziristan. The movement is both present physically on the ground and as well in cyberspace in the form of a social media campaign. Methodologically, the research was designed to collect data from extensive fieldwork during the protest movement organized under the title of Pashtun Protection Movement across the country. Data was enriched through participant observation, and analysis was done through content analysis via poetic expression in Pashtu and other movement legacies.
{"title":"The Birth of a Social Movement: A Case Study of Pashtun Tehfuz (Protection Movement)","authors":"Javed Mehsud, Baha Ul Haq, Ikram Badshah","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).03","url":null,"abstract":"Social movements emerge in all parts of the world due to feelings of discrimination, oppression, and exploitation by any dominated or powerful group. These movements are directed, purposeful, dimensional and sometimes spontaneous towards achieving the social, political and economic cause[s]. Pashtun Protection Movement emerged from miseries, atrocities, humiliation on the hands of combating groups, unnecessary checking at security check posts, bloodshed spreading in the area during sixteen years of militancy, and security operations in North and South Waziristan. The movement is both present physically on the ground and as well in cyberspace in the form of a social media campaign. Methodologically, the research was designed to collect data from extensive fieldwork during the protest movement organized under the title of Pashtun Protection Movement across the country. Data was enriched through participant observation, and analysis was done through content analysis via poetic expression in Pashtu and other movement legacies.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116979419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).01
Sonia Touqir, Amna Mushtaq, Touqir Nasir
This review seeks to highlight Chomsky's major contributions to the field of linguistics. He changed linguists' conception about the nature of language from an externalized to internalized approach. This shift also resulted in the language being thought of as a cognitive phenomenon rather than as a set of structures to be analyzed for their correctness or incorrectness to prove his stance introduced the concept of language faculty, its workings, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, and Transformational and Generative Grammar. The TGG also significantly overhauled the existent phrase structure rules. These rules were brought to follow binarity principles that dictated that a node cannot have less than or more than two branches. Besides the concept of Universal Grammar, along with its principles and parameters, Chomsky simplified how the language acquisition process can be understood: instead of learning hundreds of rules, the human mind has to install a handful of principles and parameters.
{"title":"Chomsky's Contribution to Linguistics: A Review","authors":"Sonia Touqir, Amna Mushtaq, Touqir Nasir","doi":"10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gasr.2018(i-i).01","url":null,"abstract":"This review seeks to highlight Chomsky's major contributions to the field of linguistics. He changed linguists' conception about the nature of language from an externalized to internalized approach. This shift also resulted in the language being thought of as a cognitive phenomenon rather than as a set of structures to be analyzed for their correctness or incorrectness to prove his stance introduced the concept of language faculty, its workings, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, and Transformational and Generative Grammar. The TGG also significantly overhauled the existent phrase structure rules. These rules were brought to follow binarity principles that dictated that a node cannot have less than or more than two branches. Besides the concept of Universal Grammar, along with its principles and parameters, Chomsky simplified how the language acquisition process can be understood: instead of learning hundreds of rules, the human mind has to install a handful of principles and parameters.","PeriodicalId":179879,"journal":{"name":"Global Anthropological Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123000745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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