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Endovascular thrombectomy for large ischaemic stroke: outcomes beyond 90 days. 大面积缺血性脑卒中的血管内血栓切除术:90 天后的疗效。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00290-4
Takeshi Morimoto, Fumihiro Sakakibara
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引用次数: 0
World Brain Day 2024: a focus on brain health and prevention. 2024 年世界脑日:关注大脑健康和预防。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00270-9
Wolfgang Grisold, David W Dodick, Alla Guekht, Steven L Lewis, Tissa Wijeratne
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引用次数: 0
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of antisense oligonucleotide BIIB078 in adults with C9orf72-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase 1, randomised, double blinded, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose study. 反义寡核苷酸 BIIB078 在 C9orf72 相关肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症成人患者中的安全性、耐受性和药代动力学:1 期随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多剂量递增研究。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00216-3
Leonard H van den Berg, Jeffrey D Rothstein, Pamela J Shaw, Suma Babu, Michael Benatar, Robert C Bucelli, Angela Genge, Jonathan D Glass, Orla Hardiman, Vincenzo Libri, Theodore Mobach, Björn Oskarsson, Gary L Pattee, John Ravits, Christopher E Shaw, Markus Weber, Lorne Zinman, Paymaan Jafar-Nejad, Frank Rigo, Luan Lin, Toby A Ferguson, Anthony L Gotter, Danielle Graham, Michael Monine, Jennifer Inra, Susie Sinks, Satish Eraly, Steve Garafalo, Stephanie Fradette
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9orf72 is a common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). No C9orf72-targeted treatments are available. BIIB078 is an investigational antisense oligonucleotide targeting C9orf72 sense RNA. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BIIB078 in participants with C9orf72-associated ALS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This phase 1, randomised controlled trial was done at 22 sites in six countries (Canada, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, UK, and USA). Adults with ALS and a pathogenic repeat expansion in C9orf72 were randomly assigned within six cohorts, via Interactive Response Technology in a 3:1 ratio per cohort, to receive BIIB078 (5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 35 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg in cohorts 1-6, respectively) or placebo, via an intrathecal bolus injection. The treatment period consisted of three loading doses of study treatment, administered approximately once every 2 weeks, followed by monthly maintenance doses during a treatment period of about 3 months for cohorts 1-3 and about 6 months for cohorts 4-6. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03626012) and is completed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Sept 10, 2018, and Nov 17, 2021, 124 patients were screened for inclusion in the study. 18 patients were excluded and 106 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive 5 mg (n=6), 10 mg (n=9), 20 mg (n=9), 35 mg (n=19), 60 mg (n=18), or 90 mg (n=18) of BIIB078, or placebo (n=27). 58 (55%) of 106 patients were female. All patients received at least one dose of study treatment and were included in all analyses. All participants had at least one adverse event; most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and did not lead to treatment discontinuation. The most common adverse events in BIIB078-treated participants were falls, procedural pain, headache, and post lumbar puncture syndrome. 14 (18%) of 79 patients who received any dose of BIIB078 reported serious adverse events, compared with nine (33%) of 27 patients who received placebo. Five participants who received BIIB078 and three participants who received placebo had fatal adverse events: respiratory failure in a participant who received 10 mg BIIB078, ALS worsening in two participants who received 35 mg BIIB078, traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage in one participant who received 35 mg BIIB078, pulmonary embolism in one participant who received 60 mg BIIB078, and respiratory failure in three participants who received placebo. All deaths were assessed as not related to the study treatment by the reporting investigator.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>On the basis of these phase 1 study results, including secondary and exploratory findings showing no reduction in neurofilament levels and no benefit
背景:C9orf72 的六核苷酸重复扩增是肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)的常见遗传病因。目前还没有针对 C9orf72 的治疗方法。BIIB078是一种靶向C9orf72有义RNA的研究性反义寡核苷酸。我们旨在评估BIIB078在C9orf72相关ALS患者中的安全性、耐受性和药代动力学:这项 1 期随机对照试验在 6 个国家(加拿大、爱尔兰、荷兰、瑞士、英国和美国)的 22 个地点进行。患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症且C9orf72存在致病性重复扩增的成年人通过互动反应技术以3:1的比例被随机分配到六个队列中,通过鞘内注射的方式接受BIIB078(1-6队列中分别为5毫克、10毫克、20毫克、35毫克、60毫克或90毫克)或安慰剂治疗。治疗期间,1-3 组患者大约每 2 周接受一次 3 次负荷剂量的研究治疗,然后在大约 3 个月的治疗期内每月接受一次维持剂量的治疗,4-6 组患者大约在 6 个月的治疗期内每月接受一次维持剂量的治疗。患者和研究人员对治疗分配均蒙面。主要终点是不良事件和严重不良事件的发生率。该试验已在ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT03626012)注册,目前已完成:2018年9月10日至2021年11月17日期间,共筛选出124名患者纳入研究。18名患者被排除在外,106名参与者被纳入并随机分配接受5毫克(n=6)、10毫克(n=9)、20毫克(n=9)、35毫克(n=19)、60毫克(n=18)或90毫克(n=18)的BIIB078或安慰剂(n=27)。106名患者中有58名(55%)为女性。所有患者都接受了至少一个剂量的研究治疗,并纳入所有分析。所有参与者都至少出现过一次不良事件;大多数不良事件的严重程度为轻度或中度,不会导致治疗中断。BIIB078治疗参与者最常见的不良事件是跌倒、手术疼痛、头痛和腰椎穿刺后综合征。79名接受任何剂量BIIB078治疗的患者中有14人(18%)报告了严重不良事件,而27名接受安慰剂治疗的患者中有9人(33%)报告了严重不良事件。5名接受BIIB078治疗的患者和3名接受安慰剂治疗的患者出现了致命不良事件:1名接受10毫克BIIB078治疗的患者出现呼吸衰竭,2名接受35毫克BIIB078治疗的患者出现ALS恶化,1名接受35毫克BIIB078治疗的患者出现外伤性脑内出血,1名接受60毫克BIIB078治疗的患者出现肺栓塞,3名接受安慰剂治疗的患者出现呼吸衰竭。所有死亡病例均被报告研究者评估为与研究治疗无关:根据这些1期研究结果,包括次要和探索性研究结果显示神经丝蛋白水平没有降低,而且与安慰剂组相比,BIIB078对临床结果没有益处,因此已停止BIIB078的临床开发。不过,这些结果将有助于我们进一步了解 C9orf72 相关 ALS 的复杂病理生物学:资金来源:Biogen。
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引用次数: 0
Sleep and sleep disorders in people with Parkinson's disease. 帕金森病患者的睡眠和睡眠障碍。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00170-4
Alex Iranzo, Valerie Cochen De Cock, María Livia Fantini, Laura Pérez-Carbonell, Lynn Marie Trotti

Sleep disorders are common in people with Parkinson's disease. These disorders, which increase in frequency throughout the course of the neurodegenerative disease and impair quality of life, include insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. The causes of these sleep disorders are complex and multifactorial, including the degeneration of the neural structures that modulate sleep, the detrimental effect of some medications on sleep, the parkinsonian symptoms that interfere with mobility and comfort in bed, and comorbidities that disrupt sleep quality and quantity. The clinical evaluation of sleep disorders include both subjective (eg, questionnaires or diaries) and objective (eg, actigraphy or video polysomnography) assessments. The management of patients with Parkinson's disease and a sleep disorder is challenging and should be individualised. Treatment can include education aiming at changes in behaviour (ie, sleep hygiene), cognitive behavioural therapy, continuous dopaminergic stimulation at night, and specific medications. REM sleep behaviour disorder can occur several years before the onset of parkinsonism, suggesting that the implementation of trials of neuroprotective therapies should focus on people with this sleep disorder.

睡眠障碍是帕金森病患者的常见病。这些障碍包括失眠、白天过度嗜睡、昼夜节律紊乱、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、不宁腿综合症和快速眼动(REM)睡眠行为障碍。造成这些睡眠障碍的原因复杂且多因素,包括调节睡眠的神经结构退化、某些药物对睡眠的不利影响、影响行动和床上舒适度的帕金森症状,以及扰乱睡眠质量和数量的合并症。睡眠障碍的临床评估包括主观评估(如问卷调查或日记)和客观评估(如动图或视频多导睡眠图)。帕金森病合并睡眠障碍患者的治疗具有挑战性,应因人而异。治疗可包括旨在改变行为(即睡眠卫生)的教育、认知行为疗法、夜间持续多巴胺能刺激和特定药物。快速眼动睡眠行为障碍可在帕金森病发病前数年出现,这表明神经保护疗法试验的实施应侧重于患有这种睡眠障碍的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Collateral-based selection for endovascular treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in the late window (MR CLEAN-LATE): 2-year follow-up of a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. 基于侧支选择的急性缺血性脑卒中晚期血管内治疗(MR CLEAN-LATE):荷兰一项多中心、开放标签、随机对照试验的 3 期 2 年随访。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00228-X
Ilse Huijberts, Florentina M E Pinckaers, Susanne G H Olthuis, Sander M J van Kuijk, Alida A Postma, Hieronymus D Boogaarts, Yvo B W E M Roos, Charles B L M Majoie, Aad van der Lugt, Diederik W J Dippel, Wim H van Zwam, Robert J van Oostenbrugge
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The MR CLEAN-LATE trial provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke within the late window (after 6-24 h) in patients who were preselected based on the presence of collateral flow on CT angiography. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes 2 years after randomisation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MR CLEAN-LATE was a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial conducted at 18 stroke intervention centres in the Netherlands. If endovascular treatment could be initiated within 6-24 h of symptom onset or last seen well, patients (aged 18 years or older) with an acute ischaemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and at least some collateral flow in the affected middle cerebral artery territory on CT angiography were randomly assigned (1:1) to either endovascular treatment with best medical treatment (endovascular treatment group) or best medical treatment alone (control group). Web-based randomisation, stratified by centre, was performed with the use of permuted blocks (block size eight to 20). The researchers who collected clinical outcomes and analysed the results were masked to treatment allocation; treating physicians, local investigators, and patients were aware of the received treatment. The primary outcome of MR CLEAN-LATE was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after randomisation. For this 2-year prespecified analysis, the primary outcome was mRS score at 2 years (minus 3 months to plus 6 months). Primary and safety analyses were performed based on the modified intention-to-treat principle, and included patients who provided (deferred) consent or died before consent could be obtained. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation by chained equations. The trial is completed and is registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN19922220.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Feb 2, 2018, and Jan 27, 2022, 535 patients were randomly assigned in the MR CLEAN-LATE trial, of whom 502 (94%) gave deferred consent and comprised the modified intention-to-treat population (255 in the endovascular treatment group and 247 in the control group). 261 (52%) patients were female and 241 (48%) were male. Data for mRS score at 2 years were available for 226 (89%) patients in the endovascular treatment group and for 202 (82%) patients in the control group. The median mRS score at 2 years was 4 (IQR 2-6) in the endovascular treatment group and 6 (2-6) in the control group. The endovascular treatment group demonstrated a shift towards better functional outcomes on the mRS (adjusted common odds ratio 1·41 [95% CI 1·00-1·99]; p=0·049). All-cause mortality at 2 years was 34% (87 of 255) in the endovascular treatment group and 41% (101 of 247) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·81 [95% CI 0·60-1·08]; p=0·15). Major vascular events (ie, transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke,
背景:MR CLEAN-LATE试验为晚期窗口期(6-24小时后)急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗的安全性和有效性提供了证据。我们的目标是评估随机分组 2 年后的临床疗效:MR CLEAN-LATE 是一项多中心、开放标签、盲终点、随机对照的 3 期试验,在荷兰的 18 个卒中干预中心进行。如果血管内治疗能在症状出现后 6-24 小时内启动或最后一次就诊时情况良好,则将前循环大血管闭塞导致的急性缺血性中风患者(18 岁或以上)随机分配(1:1)到血管内治疗与最佳药物治疗组(血管内治疗组)或单独最佳药物治疗组(对照组)。根据中心进行分层的网络随机分配,并采用包被区块(区块大小为 8 到 20)。收集临床结果和分析结果的研究人员对治疗分配进行了屏蔽;主治医生、当地研究人员和患者均了解所接受的治疗。MR CLEAN-LATE的主要结果是随机分配后90天的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。在这项为期 2 年的预设分析中,主要结果是 2 年(负 3 个月到正 6 个月)的 mRS 评分。主要结果和安全性分析根据修改后的意向治疗原则进行,包括提供(推迟)同意或在获得同意前死亡的患者。缺失数据通过链式方程进行多重估算处理。该试验已完成,并在 ISRCTN(ISRCTN19922220.Findings)上注册:2018年2月2日至2022年1月27日期间,535名患者被随机分配到MR CLEAN-LATE试验中,其中502人(94%)延期同意并构成修改后的意向治疗人群(血管内治疗组255人,对照组247人)。261名患者(52%)为女性,241名患者(48%)为男性。血管内治疗组有 226 名患者(89%)、对照组有 202 名患者(82%)提供了 2 年后的 mRS 评分数据。血管内治疗组 2 年后的 mRS 评分中位数为 4(IQR 2-6),对照组为 6(2-6)。血管内治疗组患者的 mRS 功能结果更佳(调整后的普通几率比 1-41 [95% CI 1-00-1-99]; p=0-049)。血管内治疗组 2 年的全因死亡率为 34%(255 例中有 87 例),对照组为 41%(247 例中有 101 例)(调整后危险比为 0-81 [95% CI 0-60-1-08]; p=0-15)。血管内治疗组 23 名患者和对照组 13 名患者在 90 天至 2 年间发生了重大血管事件(即短暂性脑缺血发作、缺血性中风、出血性中风和心脏事件):我们的研究结果表明,在根据 CT 血管造影显示侧支血流而预选的人群中,晚窗(6-24 小时后)血管内治疗在改善临床预后方面的有效性可持续长达 2 年。这一发现可能对进一步评估成本效益、制定医疗保健政策和临床决策具有重要意义:荷兰健康研究与健康创新组织(ZonMW)、急性中风新疗法合作联盟、荷兰心脏基金会、史赛克公司、美敦力公司、Cerenovus公司、Health Holland Top Sector Life Sciences & Health公司和荷兰脑基金会。
{"title":"Collateral-based selection for endovascular treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in the late window (MR CLEAN-LATE): 2-year follow-up of a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands.","authors":"Ilse Huijberts, Florentina M E Pinckaers, Susanne G H Olthuis, Sander M J van Kuijk, Alida A Postma, Hieronymus D Boogaarts, Yvo B W E M Roos, Charles B L M Majoie, Aad van der Lugt, Diederik W J Dippel, Wim H van Zwam, Robert J van Oostenbrugge","doi":"10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00228-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00228-X","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The MR CLEAN-LATE trial provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke within the late window (after 6-24 h) in patients who were preselected based on the presence of collateral flow on CT angiography. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes 2 years after randomisation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;MR CLEAN-LATE was a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial conducted at 18 stroke intervention centres in the Netherlands. If endovascular treatment could be initiated within 6-24 h of symptom onset or last seen well, patients (aged 18 years or older) with an acute ischaemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and at least some collateral flow in the affected middle cerebral artery territory on CT angiography were randomly assigned (1:1) to either endovascular treatment with best medical treatment (endovascular treatment group) or best medical treatment alone (control group). Web-based randomisation, stratified by centre, was performed with the use of permuted blocks (block size eight to 20). The researchers who collected clinical outcomes and analysed the results were masked to treatment allocation; treating physicians, local investigators, and patients were aware of the received treatment. The primary outcome of MR CLEAN-LATE was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after randomisation. For this 2-year prespecified analysis, the primary outcome was mRS score at 2 years (minus 3 months to plus 6 months). Primary and safety analyses were performed based on the modified intention-to-treat principle, and included patients who provided (deferred) consent or died before consent could be obtained. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation by chained equations. The trial is completed and is registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN19922220.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Between Feb 2, 2018, and Jan 27, 2022, 535 patients were randomly assigned in the MR CLEAN-LATE trial, of whom 502 (94%) gave deferred consent and comprised the modified intention-to-treat population (255 in the endovascular treatment group and 247 in the control group). 261 (52%) patients were female and 241 (48%) were male. Data for mRS score at 2 years were available for 226 (89%) patients in the endovascular treatment group and for 202 (82%) patients in the control group. The median mRS score at 2 years was 4 (IQR 2-6) in the endovascular treatment group and 6 (2-6) in the control group. The endovascular treatment group demonstrated a shift towards better functional outcomes on the mRS (adjusted common odds ratio 1·41 [95% CI 1·00-1·99]; p=0·049). All-cause mortality at 2 years was 34% (87 of 255) in the endovascular treatment group and 41% (101 of 247) in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 0·81 [95% CI 0·60-1·08]; p=0·15). Major vascular events (ie, transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, ","PeriodicalId":17989,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"893-900"},"PeriodicalIF":46.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
γ-Secretase activity, clinical features, and biomarkers of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network observational study (DIAN-OBS). 常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病的γ-分泌酶活性、临床特征和生物标志物:显性遗传性阿尔茨海默病网络观察研究(DIAN-OBS)的横断面和纵向分析。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00236-9
Stephanie A Schultz, Lei Liu, Aaron P Schultz, Colleen D Fitzpatrick, Raina Levin, Jean-Pierre Bellier, Zahra Shirzadi, Nelly Joseph-Mathurin, Charles D Chen, Tammie L S Benzinger, Gregory S Day, Martin R Farlow, Brian A Gordon, Jason J Hassenstab, Clifford R Jack, Mathias Jucker, Celeste M Karch, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Richard J Perrin, Peter R Schofield, Chengjie Xiong, Keith A Johnson, Eric McDade, Randall J Bateman, Reisa A Sperling, Dennis J Selkoe, Jasmeer P Chhatwal
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genetic variants that cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease are highly penetrant but vary substantially regarding age at symptom onset (AAO), rates of cognitive decline, and biomarker changes. Most pathogenic variants that cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease are in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), which encodes the catalytic core of γ-secretase, an enzyme complex that is crucial in production of amyloid β. We aimed to investigate whether the heterogeneity in AAO and biomarker trajectories in carriers of PSEN1 pathogenic variants could be predicted on the basis of the effects of individual PSEN1 variants on γ-secretase activity and amyloid β production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, we used data from participants enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network observational study (DIAN-OBS) via the DIAN-OBS data freeze version 15 (data collected between Feb 29, 2008, and June 30, 2020). The data freeze included data from 20 study sites in research institutions, universities, hospitals, and clinics across Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Oceania. We included individuals with PSEN1 pathogenic variants for whom relevant genetic, clinical, imaging, and CSF data were available. PSEN1 pathogenic variants were characterised via genetically modified PSEN1 and PSEN2 double-knockout human embryonic kidney 293T cells and immunoassays for Aβ37, Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43. A summary measure of γ-secretase activity (γ-secretase composite [GSC]) was calculated for each variant and compared with clinical history-derived AAO using correlation analyses. We used linear mixed-effect models to assess associations between GSC scores and multimodal-biomarker and clinical data from DIAN-OBS. We used separate models to assess associations with Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Logical Memory Delayed Recall, [<sup>11</sup>C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET and brain glucose metabolism using [<sup>18</sup>F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, CSF Aβ42-to-Aβ40 ratio (Aβ42/40), CSF log<sub>10</sub> (phosphorylated tau 181), CSF log<sub>10</sub> (phosphorylated tau 217), and MRI-based hippocampal volume.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Data were included from 190 people carrying PSEN1 pathogenic variants, among whom median age was 39·0 years (IQR 32·0 to 48·0) and AAO was 44·5 years (40·6 to 51·4). 109 (57%) of 190 carriers were female and 81 (43%) were male. Lower GSC values (ie, lower γ-secretase activity than wild-type PSEN1) were associated with earlier AAO (r=0·58; p<0·0001). GSC was associated with MMSE (β=0·08, SE 0·03; p=0·0043), CDR-SB (-0·05, 0·02; p=0·0027), and WMS-R Logical Memory Delayed Recall scores (0·09, 0·02; p=0·0006). Lower GSC values were associated with faster increase in PiB-PET signal (p=0·0054), more rapid decreases in hippocampal volume (4·19, 0·77; p<0·000
背景:导致常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病的基因变异具有很高的渗透性,但在发病年龄(AAO)、认知能力下降率和生物标志物变化方面却存在很大差异。导致常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病的大多数致病变异都发生在 presenilin 1(PSEN1)中,该基因编码γ-分泌酶的催化核心,而γ-分泌酶是产生淀粉样β的关键酶复合物。我们的目的是研究是否可以根据单个 PSEN1 变异对γ-分泌酶活性和淀粉样β产生的影响来预测 PSEN1 致病变异携带者 AAO 和生物标志物轨迹的异质性:在这项横断面和纵向分析中,我们使用了通过DIAN-OBS第15版数据冻结(2008年2月29日至2020年6月30日期间收集的数据)加入显性遗传性阿尔茨海默病网络观察研究(DIAN-OBS)的参与者的数据。数据冻结包括来自欧洲、北美、南美、亚洲和大洋洲的研究机构、大学、医院和诊所的 20 个研究点的数据。我们纳入了具有 PSEN1 致病变异且可获得相关基因、临床、影像和脑脊液数据的个体。PSEN1致病变体通过基因修饰的PSEN1和PSEN2双基因敲除人胚肾293T细胞和Aβ37、Aβ38、Aβ40、Aβ42和Aβ43免疫测定进行鉴定。我们计算了每个变异体的γ-分泌酶活性的综合指标(γ-分泌酶复合指标[GSC]),并通过相关性分析将其与临床病史得出的 AAO 进行了比较。我们使用线性混合效应模型来评估 GSC 评分与 DIAN-OBS 的多模态生物标记物和临床数据之间的关联。我们使用单独的模型来评估与临床痴呆评级方框总和(CDR-SB)、迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)和韦氏记忆量表-修订版(WMS-R)逻辑记忆延迟回忆之间的关联、[11C]匹兹堡化合物 B (PiB)-PET、使用[18F]氟脱氧葡萄糖 (FDG)-PET的脑葡萄糖代谢、CSF Aβ42 与 Aβ40 的比率 (Aβ42/40)、CSF log10 (磷酸化 tau 181)、CSF log10 (磷酸化 tau 217)以及基于 MRI 的海马体积。研究结果数据来自190名携带PSEN1致病变体的患者,其中中位年龄为39-0岁(IQR为32-0至48-0),AAO为44-5岁(40-6至51-4)。190名携带者中有109人(57%)为女性,81人(43%)为男性。较低的GSC值(即γ-分泌酶活性低于野生型PSEN1)与较早的AAO相关(r=0-58;p解释:我们的研究结果表明,常染色体显性阿尔茨海默病患者的临床异质性至少可以部分地通过 PSEN1 变体对γ-分泌酶活性和淀粉样β生成的不同影响来解释。他们支持以γ-分泌酶为靶点的治疗方法,并建议使用基于细胞的模型来改善对症状发作的预测:美国国家老龄化研究所、阿尔茨海默氏症协会、德国神经退行性疾病中心、劳尔-卡雷亚神经研究所、日本医学研究开发机构、韩国健康产业振兴院、韩国保健福祉部、韩国科学和信息通信技术部以及西班牙卡洛斯三世健康研究所。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and efficacy of intra-erythrocyte dexamethasone sodium phosphate in children with ataxia telangiectasia (ATTeST): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. 共济失调毛细血管扩张症儿童红细胞内地塞米松磷酸钠(ATTeST)的安全性和有效性:一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的第 3 期试验。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00220-5
Stefan Zielen, Thomas Crawford, Luca Benatti, Mauro Magnani, Matthias Kieslich, Monique Ryan, Isabelle Meyts, Sheffali Gulati, Rupam Borgohain, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Pal, Anaita Hegde, Suresh Kumar, Anand Venkateswar, Vrajesh Udani, Kollencheri P Vinayan, Andreea Nissenkorn, Elisa Fazzi, Vincenzo Leuzzi, Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen, Barbara Pietrucha, Samuel I Pascual, Riadh Gouider, Mary Kay Koenig, Steve Wu, Susan Perlman, Dirk Thye, Guenter Janhofer, Biljana Horn, William Whitehouse, Howard Lederman
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ataxia telangiectasia is a multisystem disorder with progressive neurodegeneration. Corticosteroids can improve neurological functioning in patients with the disorder but adrenal suppression and symptom recurrence on treatment discontinuation has limited their use, prompting the development of novel steroid delivery systems. The aim of the ATTeST study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-erythrocyte delivery of dexamethasone sodium phosphate compared with placebo in children with ataxia telangiectasia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial was done at 22 centres in 12 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Norway, Poland, Spain, Tunisia, the UK, and the USA). Eligible participants were children aged 6 years or older weighing more than 15 kg who met clinical criteria for ataxia telangiectasia but who had preserved autonomous gait. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to low-dose (approximately 5-10 mg), or high-dose (approximately 14-22 mg) intra-erythrocyte dexamethasone sodium phosphate, or placebo, using an independent interactive web response system, with minimisation for sex and age (6-9 years vs ≥10 years). Intravenous intra-erythrocyte dexamethasone sodium phosphate was administered once a month for 6 months. Participants, employees of the sponsor, investigators, all raters of efficacy endpoints, and central reviewers were masked to treatment assignment and dose allocations. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in the modified International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (mICARS) from baseline to month 6, assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which included all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02770807) and is complete.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between March 2, 2017, and May 13, 2021, 239 children were assessed for eligibility, of whom 176 were randomly assigned. One patient assigned to high-dose intra-erythrocyte dexamethasone sodium phosphate did not initiate treatment. 175 patients received at least one dose of treatment (59 patients received the low dose and 57 received the high dose of intra-erythrocyte dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and 59 received placebo). The mITT population comprised 164 participants (56 children in the low-dose group, 54 children in the high-dose group, and 54 in the placebo group). Compared with the placebo group, no differences were identified with regard to change in mICARS score from baseline to 6 months in the low-dose group (least squares mean difference -1·37 [95% CI -2·932 to 0·190]) or the high-dose group (-1·40 [-2·957 to 0·152]; p=0·0765). Adverse events were reported in 43 (73%) of 59 participants in the low-dose group, 47 (82%) of 57 participants in the high-dose group
背景介绍共济失调毛细血管扩张症是一种进行性神经变性的多系统疾病。皮质类固醇可改善该疾病患者的神经功能,但肾上腺抑制和停药后症状复发限制了皮质类固醇的使用,这促使人们开发新型类固醇给药系统。ATTeST研究的目的是评估在共济失调毛细血管扩张症儿童中红细胞内给药地塞米松磷酸钠与安慰剂相比的疗效和安全性:这项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的 3 期试验在 12 个国家(澳大利亚、比利时、德国、印度、以色列、意大利、挪威、波兰、西班牙、突尼斯、英国和美国)的 22 个中心进行。符合条件的参与者为 6 岁或以上、体重超过 15 千克、符合共济失调毛细血管扩张症临床标准但自主步态得以保留的儿童。采用独立的交互式网络响应系统,将参与者随机分配(1:1:1)到低剂量(约 5-10 毫克)或高剂量(约 14-22 毫克)红细胞内地塞米松磷酸钠或安慰剂中,并将性别和年龄(6-9 岁与≥10 岁)最小化。红细胞内静脉注射地塞米松磷酸钠,每月一次,持续 6 个月。参与者、申办方员工、研究人员、疗效终点的所有评定者和中央审查员均被蒙蔽,不知道治疗分配和剂量分配。主要疗效终点是改良的国际共济失调合作评定量表(mICARS)从基线到第6个月的变化,在改良的意向治疗(mITT)人群中进行评估,该人群包括所有随机分配的参与者,他们至少接受了一个剂量的研究药物,并至少进行了一次基线后疗效评估。该试验已在Clinicaltrials.gov(NCT02770807)注册,并已完成:2017年3月2日至2021年5月13日期间,239名儿童接受了资格评估,其中176人被随机分配。一名被分配到大剂量红细胞内地塞米松磷酸钠治疗的患者没有开始治疗。175名患者接受了至少一个剂量的治疗(59名患者接受了低剂量红细胞内地塞米松磷酸钠治疗,57名患者接受了高剂量红细胞内地塞米松磷酸钠治疗,59名患者接受了安慰剂治疗)。mITT人群包括164名参与者(低剂量组56名儿童、高剂量组54名儿童和安慰剂组54名儿童)。与安慰剂组相比,低剂量组(最小平方均差-1-37 [95% CI -2-932 to 0-190])或高剂量组(-1-40 [-2-957 to 0-152];P=0-0765)mICARS评分从基线到6个月的变化无差异。低剂量组 59 名参与者中有 43 人(73%)、高剂量组 57 名参与者中有 47 人(82%)、安慰剂组 59 名参与者中有 43 人(73%)报告了不良事件。低剂量组 59 名参与者中有 6 人(10%)、高剂量组 57 名参与者中有 7 人(12%)、安慰剂组 59 名参与者中有 7 人(12%)出现严重不良反应。各治疗组均未出现高血糖、高血压、多毛症或库欣样体征,也未出现与治疗相关的死亡病例:虽然没有安全问题,但主要疗效终点没有达到,这可能与治疗延迟减少了按照方案接受治疗的参与者人数有关,也可能与不同年龄的治疗效果不同有关。根据该试验的亚组分析结果,将继续对6-9岁的参与者进行红细胞内给药地塞米松磷酸钠的研究:EryDel 和 Quince Therapeutics。
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引用次数: 0
Bailout intracranial angioplasty or stenting following thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion in China (ANGEL-REBOOT): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial. 中国急性大血管闭塞血栓切除术后的颅内血管成形术或支架植入术(ANGEL-REBOOT):一项多中心、开放标签、盲终点、随机对照试验。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00186-8
Feng Gao, Xu Tong, Baixue Jia, Ming Wei, Yuesong Pan, Ming Yang, Dapeng Sun, Thanh N Nguyen, Zeguang Ren, Francis Demiraj, Xiaoxi Yao, Chenghua Xu, Guangxiong Yuan, Yue Wan, Jianjun Tang, Jing Wang, Yuanfei Jiang, Chaobin Wang, Xiang Luo, Haihua Yang, Ruile Shen, Zhilin Wu, Zhengzhou Yuan, Dongjun Wan, Wei Hu, Yan Liu, Ping Jing, Liping Wei, Tuanyuan Zheng, Yingchun Wu, Xinguang Yang, Yaxuan Sun, Changming Wen, Mingze Chang, Bo Yin, Di Li, Jixin Duan, Dianjing Sun, Zaiyu Guo, Guodong Xu, Guoqing Wang, Liyu Wang, Yang Wang, Weihua Jia, Gaoting Ma, Xiaochuan Huo, Dapeng Mo, Ning Ma, Liping Liu, Xingquan Zhao, Yilong Wang, Jens Fiehler, Yongjun Wang, Zhongrong Miao
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unsuccessful recanalisation or reocclusion after thrombectomy is associated with poor outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischaemic stroke (LVO-AIS). Bailout angioplasty or stenting (BAOS) could represent a promising treatment for these patients. We conducted a randomised controlled trial with the aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of BAOS following thrombectomy in patients with LVO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ANGEL-REBOOT was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial conducted at 36 tertiary hospitals in 19 provinces in China. Participants with LVO-AIS 24 h after symptom onset were eligible if they had unsuccessful recanalisation (expanded Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score of 0-2a) or risk of reocclusion (residual stenosis >70%) after thrombectomy. Eligible patients were randomly assigned by the minimisation method in a 1:1 ratio to undergo BAOS as the intervention treatment, or to receive standard therapy (continue or terminate the thrombectomy procedure) as a control group, both open-label. In both treatment groups, tirofiban could be recommended for use during and after the procedure. The primary outcome was the change in modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety outcomes were compared between groups. This trial was completed and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05122286).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From Dec 19, 2021, to March 17, 2023, 706 patients were screened, and 348 were enrolled, with 176 assigned to the intervention group and 172 to the control group. No patients withdrew from the trial or were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. The median age of patients was 63 years (IQR 55-69), 258 patients (74%) were male, and 90 patients (26%) were female; all participants were Chinese. After random allocation, tirofiban was administered either intra-arterially, intravenously, or both in 334 [96%] of 348 participants. No between-group differences were observed in the primary outcome (common odds ratio 0·86 [95% CI 0·59-1·24], p=0·41). Mortality was similar between the two groups (19 [11%] of 176 vs 17 [10%] of 172), but the intervention group showed a higher risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (eight [5%] of 175 vs one [1%] of 169), parenchymal haemorrhage type 2 (six [3%] of 175 vs none in the control group), and procedure-related arterial dissection (24 [14%] of 176 vs five [3%] of 172).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Among Chinese patients with unsuccessful recanalisation or who are at risk of reocclusion after thrombectomy, BAOS did not improve clinical outcome at 90 days, and incurred more complications compared with standard therapy. The off-label use of tirofiban might have affected our results and their generalisability, but our findings do not support the addition of BAOS for such patients with LVO
背景:对于大血管闭塞(LVO)急性缺血性卒中(LVO-AIS)患者来说,血栓切除术后未成功再通畅或再闭塞与不良预后有关。保外血管成形术或支架植入术(BAOS)可能是治疗这些患者的一种很有前景的方法。我们进行了一项随机对照试验,旨在研究 LVO 患者血栓切除术后 BAOS 的安全性和有效性:ANGEL-REBOOT 是一项由研究者发起的多中心、前瞻性、随机对照、开放标签、盲终点临床试验,在中国 19 个省的 36 家三级医院进行。在症状出现 24 小时后出现 LVO-AIS 的患者,如果再通不成功(脑梗塞溶栓治疗扩展评分为 0-2a)或血栓切除术后有再闭塞风险(残余狭窄 >70%),则符合条件。符合条件的患者通过最小化方法以1:1的比例随机分配接受BAOS作为干预治疗,或接受标准治疗(继续或终止血栓切除术)作为对照组,两组均为开放标签。在两组治疗中,均可推荐在术中和术后使用替罗非班。主要研究结果是90天时改良Rankin量表评分的变化,在意向治疗人群中进行评估。安全性结果在各组之间进行比较。该试验已完成并在ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05122286)上注册:从2021年12月19日到2023年3月17日,共筛选出706名患者,348名患者入组,其中176名患者被分配到干预组,172名患者被分配到对照组。在主要结果方面,没有患者退出试验或失去随访。患者的中位年龄为63岁(IQR 55-69),258名患者(74%)为男性,90名患者(26%)为女性;所有参与者均为中国人。随机分配后,348名参与者中有334人(96%)接受了动脉内注射、静脉注射或两者兼用的替罗非班治疗。在主要结果方面未观察到组间差异(常见几率比 0-86 [95% CI 0-59-1-24],P=0-41)。两组死亡率相似(176 人中有 19 人[11%] 对 172 人中有 17 人[10%]),但干预组发生症状性颅内出血(175 人中有 8 人[5%] 对 169 人中有 1 人[1%])、2 型实质出血(175 人中有 6 人[3%] 对对照组无)和手术相关动脉夹层(176 人中有 24 人[14%] 对 172 人中有 5 人[3%])的风险更高:解读:在血栓切除术后未成功再通或有再闭塞风险的中国患者中,BAOS并不能改善90天后的临床预后,而且与标准疗法相比会产生更多并发症。在标签外使用替罗非班可能会影响我们的结果及其普遍性,但我们的研究结果并不支持对这类LVO-AIS患者加用BAOS:基金:北京市自然科学基金、国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划北京市属医院孵化项目、上海心康医疗科技有限公司、和睦家(中国)生物工程有限公司、信和医疗科技有限公司。
{"title":"Bailout intracranial angioplasty or stenting following thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion in China (ANGEL-REBOOT): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Feng Gao, Xu Tong, Baixue Jia, Ming Wei, Yuesong Pan, Ming Yang, Dapeng Sun, Thanh N Nguyen, Zeguang Ren, Francis Demiraj, Xiaoxi Yao, Chenghua Xu, Guangxiong Yuan, Yue Wan, Jianjun Tang, Jing Wang, Yuanfei Jiang, Chaobin Wang, Xiang Luo, Haihua Yang, Ruile Shen, Zhilin Wu, Zhengzhou Yuan, Dongjun Wan, Wei Hu, Yan Liu, Ping Jing, Liping Wei, Tuanyuan Zheng, Yingchun Wu, Xinguang Yang, Yaxuan Sun, Changming Wen, Mingze Chang, Bo Yin, Di Li, Jixin Duan, Dianjing Sun, Zaiyu Guo, Guodong Xu, Guoqing Wang, Liyu Wang, Yang Wang, Weihua Jia, Gaoting Ma, Xiaochuan Huo, Dapeng Mo, Ning Ma, Liping Liu, Xingquan Zhao, Yilong Wang, Jens Fiehler, Yongjun Wang, Zhongrong Miao","doi":"10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00186-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00186-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Unsuccessful recanalisation or reocclusion after thrombectomy is associated with poor outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischaemic stroke (LVO-AIS). Bailout angioplasty or stenting (BAOS) could represent a promising treatment for these patients. We conducted a randomised controlled trial with the aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of BAOS following thrombectomy in patients with LVO.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;ANGEL-REBOOT was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, blinded-endpoint clinical trial conducted at 36 tertiary hospitals in 19 provinces in China. Participants with LVO-AIS 24 h after symptom onset were eligible if they had unsuccessful recanalisation (expanded Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score of 0-2a) or risk of reocclusion (residual stenosis &gt;70%) after thrombectomy. Eligible patients were randomly assigned by the minimisation method in a 1:1 ratio to undergo BAOS as the intervention treatment, or to receive standard therapy (continue or terminate the thrombectomy procedure) as a control group, both open-label. In both treatment groups, tirofiban could be recommended for use during and after the procedure. The primary outcome was the change in modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety outcomes were compared between groups. This trial was completed and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05122286).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;From Dec 19, 2021, to March 17, 2023, 706 patients were screened, and 348 were enrolled, with 176 assigned to the intervention group and 172 to the control group. No patients withdrew from the trial or were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. The median age of patients was 63 years (IQR 55-69), 258 patients (74%) were male, and 90 patients (26%) were female; all participants were Chinese. After random allocation, tirofiban was administered either intra-arterially, intravenously, or both in 334 [96%] of 348 participants. No between-group differences were observed in the primary outcome (common odds ratio 0·86 [95% CI 0·59-1·24], p=0·41). Mortality was similar between the two groups (19 [11%] of 176 vs 17 [10%] of 172), but the intervention group showed a higher risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (eight [5%] of 175 vs one [1%] of 169), parenchymal haemorrhage type 2 (six [3%] of 175 vs none in the control group), and procedure-related arterial dissection (24 [14%] of 176 vs five [3%] of 172).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation: &lt;/strong&gt;Among Chinese patients with unsuccessful recanalisation or who are at risk of reocclusion after thrombectomy, BAOS did not improve clinical outcome at 90 days, and incurred more complications compared with standard therapy. The off-label use of tirofiban might have affected our results and their generalisability, but our findings do not support the addition of BAOS for such patients with LVO","PeriodicalId":17989,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"797-806"},"PeriodicalIF":46.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Management of subdural haematoma: optimising drainage. 硬膜下血肿的处理:优化引流。
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00218-7
Amjad Elmashala, Jonathan Rosand
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引用次数: 0
Effects of spaceflight on the brain. 太空飞行对大脑的影响
IF 46.5 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00224-2
Rachael D Seidler, Xiao Wen Mao, Grant D Tays, Tianyi Wang, Peter Zu Eulenburg

The number of long duration human spaceflights has increased substantially over the past 15 years, leading to the discovery of numerous effects on the CNS. Microgravity results in headward fluid shifts, ventricular expansion, an upward shift of the brain within the skull, and remodelling of grey and white matter. The fluid changes are correlated with changes to perivascular space and spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome. Microgravity alters the vestibular processing of head tilt and results in reduced tactile and proprioceptive inputs during spaceflight. Sensory adaptation is reflected in postflight effects, evident as transient sensorimotor impairment. Another major concern is that galactic cosmic radiation, which spacefarers will be exposed to when going beyond the magnetosphere around Earth, might have a negative effect on CNS function. Research with rodents points to the potential disruptive effects of space radiation on blood-brain barrier integrity and brain structures. More work is needed to understand and mitigate these effects on the CNS before humans travel to Mars, as the flight durations will be longer than anyone has previously experienced.

在过去 15 年中,人类长时间太空飞行的次数大幅增加,从而发现了对中枢神经系统的诸多影响。微重力导致脑液向头部移动、脑室扩张、大脑在头骨内向上移动以及灰质和白质的重塑。液体的变化与血管周围空间的变化和与太空飞行相关的神经-眼综合症有关。微重力改变了头部倾斜的前庭处理,导致太空飞行期间触觉和本体感觉输入减少。感觉适应反映在飞行后的影响上,表现为短暂的感觉运动障碍。另一个主要问题是银河宇宙辐射,宇航员在飞越地球周围的磁层时会受到这种辐射,可能会对中枢神经系统的功能产生负面影响。对啮齿类动物的研究表明,太空辐射可能会对血脑屏障的完整性和大脑结构造成破坏性影响。在人类前往火星之前,需要做更多的工作来了解和减轻这些对中枢神经系统的影响,因为火星的飞行时间将比以往任何人经历的都要长。
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Lancet Neurology
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