Background: Although it is a key soybean-producing region, northeast China frequently faces drought. Drought severely affects soybean growth, development and even leads to yield reduction. Methods: Sand cultivation method was employed to investigate the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, nitric oxide (NO) content and individual leaf area of drought-tolerant soybean variety Heinong 44 (HN44) and drought-sensitive soybean variety Heinong 65 (HN65) under drought stress during the flowering stage, with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) used for irrigation. Result: The NO and MDA contents of HN44 and HN65 leaves rose in response to drought stress, MDA content in HN44 and HN65 leaves was noticeably elevated, the individual leaf area showed a downward trend. Irrigation with SNP further increased NO accumulation and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in the leaves, with the best effect observed at a concentration of 1000 μmol·g-1. In practical production, SNP can be used to alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation damage in soybean leaves and improve soybean drought resistance when encountering drought.
背景：中国东北虽然是大豆主产区，但经常面临干旱。干旱严重影响大豆的生长发育，甚至导致减产。研究方法采用沙培法研究不同浓度硝普钠（SNP）灌溉下，耐旱大豆品种黑农 44（HN44）和对干旱敏感的大豆品种黑农 65（HN65）在开花期干旱胁迫下丙二醛（MDA）含量、一氧化氮（NO）含量和单叶面积的变化。结果HN44和HN65叶片中的NO和MDA含量随干旱胁迫而升高，HN44和HN65叶片中的MDA含量明显升高，单叶面积呈下降趋势。用 SNP 灌溉可进一步增加叶片中 NO 的积累并减少膜脂过氧化，浓度为 1000 μmol-g-1 时效果最佳。在实际生产中，SNP 可用于减轻大豆叶片的膜脂过氧化损伤，提高大豆在遇到干旱时的抗旱性。
{"title":"Effects of Irrigation with Sodium Nitroprusside on Physiological Characteristics of Soybean under Drought Stress","authors":"W. Zhao, X.H. Wei, S. Dong","doi":"10.18805/lrf-784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although it is a key soybean-producing region, northeast China frequently faces drought. Drought severely affects soybean growth, development and even leads to yield reduction. Methods: Sand cultivation method was employed to investigate the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, nitric oxide (NO) content and individual leaf area of drought-tolerant soybean variety Heinong 44 (HN44) and drought-sensitive soybean variety Heinong 65 (HN65) under drought stress during the flowering stage, with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) used for irrigation. Result: The NO and MDA contents of HN44 and HN65 leaves rose in response to drought stress, MDA content in HN44 and HN65 leaves was noticeably elevated, the individual leaf area showed a downward trend. Irrigation with SNP further increased NO accumulation and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in the leaves, with the best effect observed at a concentration of 1000 μmol·g-1. In practical production, SNP can be used to alleviate membrane lipid peroxidation damage in soybean leaves and improve soybean drought resistance when encountering drought.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Arone-Farfán, L. Alzamora-Gonzales, L.A.R. Carnero, E. Colona-Vallejos, E. Escobar-Guzmán, F. Camarena-Mayta, A. Huaringa-Joaquín
Background: γ-Conglutin is a hemagglutinating lectin found in the seeds of the Andean legume Lupinus mutabilis. Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is endemic in Peru. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that lacks an effective and non-toxic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of γ-conglutin from L. mutabilis Patón Grande ecotype (CoPG) on human monocyte cultures before infection with L. (V.) peruviana and to determine the production of molecules that stimulate cellular immunity. Methods: CoPG was isolated by chromatography from a hexane extract of L. mutabilis seeds. Monocytes were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. The effect of CoPG on their viability was determined by the MTT assay. To assess superoxide and nitric oxide production, monocyte cultures were pre-treated with CoPG and then infected with L. (V.) peruviana. Transcriptional expression of TNF-α and IL-1α in CoPG-treated and parasite-infected monocytes was determined by RT-PCR. Result: CoPG retained its hemagglutinating activity throughout the isolation process. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 47 KDa. Besides, CoPG at a 20 µg mL-1 induced the production of superoxide on the treated monocytes. This CoPG concentration also promoted the overexpression of IL-1α and TNF-α on the infected monocytes. The present study showed that CoPG has a novel in vitro immunomodulatory effect. The discovery of bioactive proteins from L. mutabilis may uncover a wide range of new applications for this Andean plant.
{"title":"Lupinus mutabilis Sweet (Tarwi) γ-conglutin Modulates TNF-α and IL-1α Transcriptional Expression in Human Monocytes Infected with Leishmania (V.) peruviana","authors":"R. Arone-Farfán, L. Alzamora-Gonzales, L.A.R. Carnero, E. Colona-Vallejos, E. Escobar-Guzmán, F. Camarena-Mayta, A. Huaringa-Joaquín","doi":"10.18805/lrf-771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-771","url":null,"abstract":"Background: γ-Conglutin is a hemagglutinating lectin found in the seeds of the Andean legume Lupinus mutabilis. Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is endemic in Peru. Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that lacks an effective and non-toxic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of γ-conglutin from L. mutabilis Patón Grande ecotype (CoPG) on human monocyte cultures before infection with L. (V.) peruviana and to determine the production of molecules that stimulate cellular immunity. Methods: CoPG was isolated by chromatography from a hexane extract of L. mutabilis seeds. Monocytes were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. The effect of CoPG on their viability was determined by the MTT assay. To assess superoxide and nitric oxide production, monocyte cultures were pre-treated with CoPG and then infected with L. (V.) peruviana. Transcriptional expression of TNF-α and IL-1α in CoPG-treated and parasite-infected monocytes was determined by RT-PCR. Result: CoPG retained its hemagglutinating activity throughout the isolation process. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 47 KDa. Besides, CoPG at a 20 µg mL-1 induced the production of superoxide on the treated monocytes. This CoPG concentration also promoted the overexpression of IL-1α and TNF-α on the infected monocytes. The present study showed that CoPG has a novel in vitro immunomodulatory effect. The discovery of bioactive proteins from L. mutabilis may uncover a wide range of new applications for this Andean plant.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"111 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140451852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cultivating legumes, a significant facet of sustainable agriculture, consistently faces challenges in managing water resources. The present study aimed to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance water use efficiency in legume farming with the potential to reduce the water shortage problem. In this work, Peas as a specific legume is chosen. In Uttar Pradesh, India, precision irrigation was combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize crop productivity, support sustainable farming methods and solve the problem of water constraints. AI-enabled precision irrigation offers significant advantages like precise allocation of water resources, enhanced crop yield, optimal water consumption, cost-effectiveness and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Methods: By employing a systematic methodology, including data collection, AI modeling and thorough data analysis, this work reveals useful findings. The comparison between traditional and AI-driven precision irrigation shows that artificial intelligence delivers enhanced real-time decision-making capabilities. It optimally tailors’ irrigation schedules and water distribution, considering weather, soil conditions and crop requirements. The achieved water savings, combined with improved legume yields, have significant implications for agricultural techniques with limited resources. Result: Because of a changing climate and decreasing water supplies, farmers, legislators and other stakeholders can greatly benefit from the suggestions that were obtained from the findings, which provide practical direction. This research serves as a milestone in the integration of AI for precision agriculture, creating a way for a more sustainable and productive future in legume farming.
{"title":"AI-Enhanced Precision Irrigation in Legume Farming: Optimizing Water Use Efficiency","authors":"Tae Hoon Kim, Ahmad Alzubi","doi":"10.18805/lrf-791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cultivating legumes, a significant facet of sustainable agriculture, consistently faces challenges in managing water resources. The present study aimed to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance water use efficiency in legume farming with the potential to reduce the water shortage problem. In this work, Peas as a specific legume is chosen. In Uttar Pradesh, India, precision irrigation was combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize crop productivity, support sustainable farming methods and solve the problem of water constraints. AI-enabled precision irrigation offers significant advantages like precise allocation of water resources, enhanced crop yield, optimal water consumption, cost-effectiveness and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Methods: By employing a systematic methodology, including data collection, AI modeling and thorough data analysis, this work reveals useful findings. The comparison between traditional and AI-driven precision irrigation shows that artificial intelligence delivers enhanced real-time decision-making capabilities. It optimally tailors’ irrigation schedules and water distribution, considering weather, soil conditions and crop requirements. The achieved water savings, combined with improved legume yields, have significant implications for agricultural techniques with limited resources. Result: Because of a changing climate and decreasing water supplies, farmers, legislators and other stakeholders can greatly benefit from the suggestions that were obtained from the findings, which provide practical direction. This research serves as a milestone in the integration of AI for precision agriculture, creating a way for a more sustainable and productive future in legume farming.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cultivating legumes, a significant facet of sustainable agriculture, consistently faces challenges in managing water resources. The present study aimed to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance water use efficiency in legume farming with the potential to reduce the water shortage problem. In this work, Peas as a specific legume is chosen. In Uttar Pradesh, India, precision irrigation was combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize crop productivity, support sustainable farming methods and solve the problem of water constraints. AI-enabled precision irrigation offers significant advantages like precise allocation of water resources, enhanced crop yield, optimal water consumption, cost-effectiveness and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Methods: By employing a systematic methodology, including data collection, AI modeling and thorough data analysis, this work reveals useful findings. The comparison between traditional and AI-driven precision irrigation shows that artificial intelligence delivers enhanced real-time decision-making capabilities. It optimally tailors’ irrigation schedules and water distribution, considering weather, soil conditions and crop requirements. The achieved water savings, combined with improved legume yields, have significant implications for agricultural techniques with limited resources. Result: Because of a changing climate and decreasing water supplies, farmers, legislators and other stakeholders can greatly benefit from the suggestions that were obtained from the findings, which provide practical direction. This research serves as a milestone in the integration of AI for precision agriculture, creating a way for a more sustainable and productive future in legume farming.
{"title":"AI-Enhanced Precision Irrigation in Legume Farming: Optimizing Water Use Efficiency","authors":"Tae Hoon Kim, Ahmad Alzubi","doi":"10.18805/lrf-791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cultivating legumes, a significant facet of sustainable agriculture, consistently faces challenges in managing water resources. The present study aimed to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance water use efficiency in legume farming with the potential to reduce the water shortage problem. In this work, Peas as a specific legume is chosen. In Uttar Pradesh, India, precision irrigation was combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize crop productivity, support sustainable farming methods and solve the problem of water constraints. AI-enabled precision irrigation offers significant advantages like precise allocation of water resources, enhanced crop yield, optimal water consumption, cost-effectiveness and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Methods: By employing a systematic methodology, including data collection, AI modeling and thorough data analysis, this work reveals useful findings. The comparison between traditional and AI-driven precision irrigation shows that artificial intelligence delivers enhanced real-time decision-making capabilities. It optimally tailors’ irrigation schedules and water distribution, considering weather, soil conditions and crop requirements. The achieved water savings, combined with improved legume yields, have significant implications for agricultural techniques with limited resources. Result: Because of a changing climate and decreasing water supplies, farmers, legislators and other stakeholders can greatly benefit from the suggestions that were obtained from the findings, which provide practical direction. This research serves as a milestone in the integration of AI for precision agriculture, creating a way for a more sustainable and productive future in legume farming.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.S. Siril, G. Balol, Basamma Kumbar, P.R. Sabale, Revanappa S. Biradar, K.N. Vijaykumar, M.K. Rohit, Amruta P. Barigal
Background: Sterility mosaic is the most destructive disease of pigeon pea causing yield losses up to 95 per cent. Pigeon pea genotypes are found to vary in different biochemical characteristics, thereby playing a crucial role in resistance to sterility mosaic disease. The best approach to manage the disease is by adopting resistant genotypes for cultivation, which is highly necessary in the areas with high sterility mosaic incidence. Methods: Field screening of 41 pigeon pea genotypes was conducted during Kharif 2021 and 2022 at the Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Regional Research Center, Dharwad, to identify the resistance sources to Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus. All the test genotypes were artificially inoculated by leaf stapling technique at 15-20 days after sowing and the infector hedge row technique was also employed to develop high disease pressure. Observation on per cent disease incidence was recorded at the peak period of the disease. The study also focused on biochemical components that confer resistance in pigeon pea. Further, the leaf samples were collected from the selected pigeon pea genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions and statistically analysed for total phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. The genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions were analysed for leaf chlorophyll content using SPAD Meter. Result: Seven genotypes were found resistant to sterility mosaic disease with a mean disease incidence of 1.9-8.86 per cent. SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading revealed that chlorophyll content remained high in all resistant/moderately resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes were shown to have higher phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in comparison to susceptible genotypes suggesting their crucial role in imparting resistance.
背景：不育马赛克是豌豆最具破坏性的病害，造成的产量损失高达 95%。豌豆基因型在不同的生化特性上存在差异，因此在抵抗不育花叶病方面起着至关重要的作用。管理该疾病的最佳方法是采用抗病基因型进行种植，这在不育系花斑病高发地区是非常必要的。方法：在 2021 年和 2022 年的 Kharif 期间，印度豆类研究所（Indian Institute of Pulse Research）在达瓦德（Dharwad）的区域研究中心对 41 个豌豆基因型进行了田间筛选，以确定豌豆不育马赛克病毒的抗性来源。在播种后 15-20 天，通过叶片钉书机技术对所有试验基因型进行人工接种，并采用感染者对冲行技术，以形成较高的病害压力。在发病高峰期观察发病率。研究还重点关注了鸽子豆抗病性的生化成分。此外，还从表现出抗性和易感反应的选定鸽子豆基因型中采集了叶片样本，并对总酚含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性进行了统计分析。使用 SPAD 仪分析表现出抗性和易感反应的基因型的叶片叶绿素含量。结果：发现七个基因型对不育系马赛克病具有抗性，平均发病率为 1.9-8.86%。SPAD 叶绿素仪读数显示，与易感基因型相比，所有抗病/中度抗病基因型的叶绿素含量都很高。与易感基因型相比，抗性基因型具有更高的酚含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性，这表明它们在赋予抗性方面起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Biochemical Basis of Resistance to Sterility Mosaic Disease in Pigeon Pea Genotypes","authors":"P.S. Siril, G. Balol, Basamma Kumbar, P.R. Sabale, Revanappa S. Biradar, K.N. Vijaykumar, M.K. Rohit, Amruta P. Barigal","doi":"10.18805/lr-5259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sterility mosaic is the most destructive disease of pigeon pea causing yield losses up to 95 per cent. Pigeon pea genotypes are found to vary in different biochemical characteristics, thereby playing a crucial role in resistance to sterility mosaic disease. The best approach to manage the disease is by adopting resistant genotypes for cultivation, which is highly necessary in the areas with high sterility mosaic incidence. Methods: Field screening of 41 pigeon pea genotypes was conducted during Kharif 2021 and 2022 at the Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Regional Research Center, Dharwad, to identify the resistance sources to Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus. All the test genotypes were artificially inoculated by leaf stapling technique at 15-20 days after sowing and the infector hedge row technique was also employed to develop high disease pressure. Observation on per cent disease incidence was recorded at the peak period of the disease. The study also focused on biochemical components that confer resistance in pigeon pea. Further, the leaf samples were collected from the selected pigeon pea genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions and statistically analysed for total phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. The genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions were analysed for leaf chlorophyll content using SPAD Meter. Result: Seven genotypes were found resistant to sterility mosaic disease with a mean disease incidence of 1.9-8.86 per cent. SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading revealed that chlorophyll content remained high in all resistant/moderately resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes were shown to have higher phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in comparison to susceptible genotypes suggesting their crucial role in imparting resistance.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"41 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.T. Ha, P. Ha, P. T. Tuyen, R. J. Henry, T. T. Loi, T.N. Chi
Background: White Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a very valuable plant due to its medical potential. Different parts of the plant have been studied by various researchers. However, the seeds, which contain a lot of bioactive compounds, have been considered of substantial medicinal importance. Methods: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and trypsin inhibition properties in the methanol extract of white Velvet bean (WVB) seeds and its fractions (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were studied. Result: The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the methanol extract (206.3 mg GAE g-1). The highest total flavonoid content was in the n-hexane fraction (7.75 mg rutin g-1). The methanol extract showed the highest total antioxidant potential (261.5 mg AAE g-1). The methanol extract also had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest level of trypsin inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions with an IC50 value (35.3 ìg mL-1).
{"title":"Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Properties and Trypsin Inhibition Activity of Methanol Seed Extract and Fractions of White Velvet Bean from Vietnam","authors":"D.T. Ha, P. Ha, P. T. Tuyen, R. J. Henry, T. T. Loi, T.N. Chi","doi":"10.18805/lrf-783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-783","url":null,"abstract":"Background: White Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a very valuable plant due to its medical potential. Different parts of the plant have been studied by various researchers. However, the seeds, which contain a lot of bioactive compounds, have been considered of substantial medicinal importance. Methods: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and trypsin inhibition properties in the methanol extract of white Velvet bean (WVB) seeds and its fractions (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were studied. Result: The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the methanol extract (206.3 mg GAE g-1). The highest total flavonoid content was in the n-hexane fraction (7.75 mg rutin g-1). The methanol extract showed the highest total antioxidant potential (261.5 mg AAE g-1). The methanol extract also had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest level of trypsin inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions with an IC50 value (35.3 ìg mL-1).","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"373 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.S. Siril, G. Balol, Basamma Kumbar, P.R. Sabale, Revanappa S. Biradar, K.N. Vijaykumar, M.K. Rohit, Amruta P. Barigal
Background: Sterility mosaic is the most destructive disease of pigeon pea causing yield losses up to 95 per cent. Pigeon pea genotypes are found to vary in different biochemical characteristics, thereby playing a crucial role in resistance to sterility mosaic disease. The best approach to manage the disease is by adopting resistant genotypes for cultivation, which is highly necessary in the areas with high sterility mosaic incidence. Methods: Field screening of 41 pigeon pea genotypes was conducted during Kharif 2021 and 2022 at the Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Regional Research Center, Dharwad, to identify the resistance sources to Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus. All the test genotypes were artificially inoculated by leaf stapling technique at 15-20 days after sowing and the infector hedge row technique was also employed to develop high disease pressure. Observation on per cent disease incidence was recorded at the peak period of the disease. The study also focused on biochemical components that confer resistance in pigeon pea. Further, the leaf samples were collected from the selected pigeon pea genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions and statistically analysed for total phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. The genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions were analysed for leaf chlorophyll content using SPAD Meter. Result: Seven genotypes were found resistant to sterility mosaic disease with a mean disease incidence of 1.9-8.86 per cent. SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading revealed that chlorophyll content remained high in all resistant/moderately resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes were shown to have higher phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in comparison to susceptible genotypes suggesting their crucial role in imparting resistance.
背景：不育马赛克是豌豆最具破坏性的病害，造成的产量损失高达 95%。豌豆基因型在不同的生化特性上存在差异，因此在抵抗不育花叶病方面起着至关重要的作用。管理该疾病的最佳方法是采用抗病基因型进行种植，这在不育系花斑病高发地区是非常必要的。方法：在 2021 年和 2022 年的 Kharif 期间，印度豆类研究所（Indian Institute of Pulse Research）在达瓦德（Dharwad）的区域研究中心对 41 个豌豆基因型进行了田间筛选，以确定豌豆不育马赛克病毒的抗性来源。在播种后 15-20 天，通过叶片钉书机技术对所有试验基因型进行人工接种，并采用感染者对冲行技术，以形成较高的病害压力。在发病高峰期观察发病率。研究还重点关注了鸽子豆抗病性的生化成分。此外，还从表现出抗性和易感反应的选定鸽子豆基因型中采集了叶片样本，并对总酚含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性进行了统计分析。使用 SPAD 仪分析表现出抗性和易感反应的基因型的叶片叶绿素含量。结果：发现七个基因型对不育系马赛克病具有抗性，平均发病率为 1.9-8.86%。SPAD 叶绿素仪读数显示，与易感基因型相比，所有抗病/中度抗病基因型的叶绿素含量都很高。与易感基因型相比，抗性基因型具有更高的酚含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性，这表明它们在赋予抗性方面起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Biochemical Basis of Resistance to Sterility Mosaic Disease in Pigeon Pea Genotypes","authors":"P.S. Siril, G. Balol, Basamma Kumbar, P.R. Sabale, Revanappa S. Biradar, K.N. Vijaykumar, M.K. Rohit, Amruta P. Barigal","doi":"10.18805/lr-5259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sterility mosaic is the most destructive disease of pigeon pea causing yield losses up to 95 per cent. Pigeon pea genotypes are found to vary in different biochemical characteristics, thereby playing a crucial role in resistance to sterility mosaic disease. The best approach to manage the disease is by adopting resistant genotypes for cultivation, which is highly necessary in the areas with high sterility mosaic incidence. Methods: Field screening of 41 pigeon pea genotypes was conducted during Kharif 2021 and 2022 at the Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Regional Research Center, Dharwad, to identify the resistance sources to Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus. All the test genotypes were artificially inoculated by leaf stapling technique at 15-20 days after sowing and the infector hedge row technique was also employed to develop high disease pressure. Observation on per cent disease incidence was recorded at the peak period of the disease. The study also focused on biochemical components that confer resistance in pigeon pea. Further, the leaf samples were collected from the selected pigeon pea genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions and statistically analysed for total phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity. The genotypes showing resistance and susceptible reactions were analysed for leaf chlorophyll content using SPAD Meter. Result: Seven genotypes were found resistant to sterility mosaic disease with a mean disease incidence of 1.9-8.86 per cent. SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading revealed that chlorophyll content remained high in all resistant/moderately resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. The resistant genotypes were shown to have higher phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in comparison to susceptible genotypes suggesting their crucial role in imparting resistance.","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"48 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D.T. Ha, P. Ha, P. T. Tuyen, R. J. Henry, T. T. Loi, T.N. Chi
Background: White Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a very valuable plant due to its medical potential. Different parts of the plant have been studied by various researchers. However, the seeds, which contain a lot of bioactive compounds, have been considered of substantial medicinal importance. Methods: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and trypsin inhibition properties in the methanol extract of white Velvet bean (WVB) seeds and its fractions (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were studied. Result: The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the methanol extract (206.3 mg GAE g-1). The highest total flavonoid content was in the n-hexane fraction (7.75 mg rutin g-1). The methanol extract showed the highest total antioxidant potential (261.5 mg AAE g-1). The methanol extract also had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest level of trypsin inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions with an IC50 value (35.3 ìg mL-1).
{"title":"Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Properties and Trypsin Inhibition Activity of Methanol Seed Extract and Fractions of White Velvet Bean from Vietnam","authors":"D.T. Ha, P. Ha, P. T. Tuyen, R. J. Henry, T. T. Loi, T.N. Chi","doi":"10.18805/lrf-783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lrf-783","url":null,"abstract":"Background: White Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a very valuable plant due to its medical potential. Different parts of the plant have been studied by various researchers. However, the seeds, which contain a lot of bioactive compounds, have been considered of substantial medicinal importance. Methods: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and trypsin inhibition properties in the methanol extract of white Velvet bean (WVB) seeds and its fractions (methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous) were studied. Result: The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the methanol extract (206.3 mg GAE g-1). The highest total flavonoid content was in the n-hexane fraction (7.75 mg rutin g-1). The methanol extract showed the highest total antioxidant potential (261.5 mg AAE g-1). The methanol extract also had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and the highest level of trypsin inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions with an IC50 value (35.3 ìg mL-1).","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kshetrimayum Manishwari Devi, K. N. Devi, Tabuiliu Abonmai, Thoudam Anupama Devi, N. A. Singh
Background: After rice harvest, the majority of farmers in Manipur leave their land fallow without planting anything, despite the fact that it has a great deal of potential for growing a second crop in the rabi season with the remaining moisture and nutrients. One of the most crucial options for Manipur’s farmers is green pea, which not only boosts their revenue but also makes use of the nutrients and residual moisture in the soil. The current fertilizer application system ignores the carryover effect of the manure or fertilizer applied to the previous crop and instead bases its decisions on the nutritional requirements of the specific crop. Applying organic sources of nutrients to the previous crop greatly benefits the following crop. In light of the aforementioned considerations, an experiment was set up to determine whether the foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen in the previous kharif rice crop had any lasting effects on the productivity of the following green pea crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Hiyanglam Mayai Leikai in the Kakching district of Manipur, in order to research the residual effect of foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen on the productivity and economics of zero tilled green pea in rice- green pea cropping sequence. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiment. Result: The pooled data showed that vermicompost @100% RDN had the highest growth and yield characterictics over the vermicompost @ 75% RDN and 50% RDN. The combinations of nano NPK @ 1.5% + 100% RDN through vermicompost resulted in the highest increase growth and yield attributing characters of green pea and lowest was observed in the control + @ 50% RDN treated plot.
{"title":"Residual Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Fertlizers and Organic Source of Nitrogen on the Productivity and Economics of Zero Tilled Green Pea in Rice-green Pea Cropping Sequence","authors":"Kshetrimayum Manishwari Devi, K. N. Devi, Tabuiliu Abonmai, Thoudam Anupama Devi, N. A. Singh","doi":"10.18805/lr-5228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: After rice harvest, the majority of farmers in Manipur leave their land fallow without planting anything, despite the fact that it has a great deal of potential for growing a second crop in the rabi season with the remaining moisture and nutrients. One of the most crucial options for Manipur’s farmers is green pea, which not only boosts their revenue but also makes use of the nutrients and residual moisture in the soil. The current fertilizer application system ignores the carryover effect of the manure or fertilizer applied to the previous crop and instead bases its decisions on the nutritional requirements of the specific crop. Applying organic sources of nutrients to the previous crop greatly benefits the following crop. In light of the aforementioned considerations, an experiment was set up to determine whether the foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen in the previous kharif rice crop had any lasting effects on the productivity of the following green pea crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Hiyanglam Mayai Leikai in the Kakching district of Manipur, in order to research the residual effect of foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen on the productivity and economics of zero tilled green pea in rice- green pea cropping sequence. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiment. Result: The pooled data showed that vermicompost @100% RDN had the highest growth and yield characterictics over the vermicompost @ 75% RDN and 50% RDN. The combinations of nano NPK @ 1.5% + 100% RDN through vermicompost resulted in the highest increase growth and yield attributing characters of green pea and lowest was observed in the control + @ 50% RDN treated plot.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"40 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kshetrimayum Manishwari Devi, K. N. Devi, Tabuiliu Abonmai, Thoudam Anupama Devi, N. A. Singh
Background: After rice harvest, the majority of farmers in Manipur leave their land fallow without planting anything, despite the fact that it has a great deal of potential for growing a second crop in the rabi season with the remaining moisture and nutrients. One of the most crucial options for Manipur’s farmers is green pea, which not only boosts their revenue but also makes use of the nutrients and residual moisture in the soil. The current fertilizer application system ignores the carryover effect of the manure or fertilizer applied to the previous crop and instead bases its decisions on the nutritional requirements of the specific crop. Applying organic sources of nutrients to the previous crop greatly benefits the following crop. In light of the aforementioned considerations, an experiment was set up to determine whether the foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen in the previous kharif rice crop had any lasting effects on the productivity of the following green pea crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Hiyanglam Mayai Leikai in the Kakching district of Manipur, in order to research the residual effect of foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen on the productivity and economics of zero tilled green pea in rice- green pea cropping sequence. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiment. Result: The pooled data showed that vermicompost @100% RDN had the highest growth and yield characterictics over the vermicompost @ 75% RDN and 50% RDN. The combinations of nano NPK @ 1.5% + 100% RDN through vermicompost resulted in the highest increase growth and yield attributing characters of green pea and lowest was observed in the control + @ 50% RDN treated plot.
{"title":"Residual Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Fertlizers and Organic Source of Nitrogen on the Productivity and Economics of Zero Tilled Green Pea in Rice-green Pea Cropping Sequence","authors":"Kshetrimayum Manishwari Devi, K. N. Devi, Tabuiliu Abonmai, Thoudam Anupama Devi, N. A. Singh","doi":"10.18805/lr-5228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/lr-5228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: After rice harvest, the majority of farmers in Manipur leave their land fallow without planting anything, despite the fact that it has a great deal of potential for growing a second crop in the rabi season with the remaining moisture and nutrients. One of the most crucial options for Manipur’s farmers is green pea, which not only boosts their revenue but also makes use of the nutrients and residual moisture in the soil. The current fertilizer application system ignores the carryover effect of the manure or fertilizer applied to the previous crop and instead bases its decisions on the nutritional requirements of the specific crop. Applying organic sources of nutrients to the previous crop greatly benefits the following crop. In light of the aforementioned considerations, an experiment was set up to determine whether the foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen in the previous kharif rice crop had any lasting effects on the productivity of the following green pea crop. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Hiyanglam Mayai Leikai in the Kakching district of Manipur, in order to research the residual effect of foliar application of nano fertlizers and organic source of nitrogen on the productivity and economics of zero tilled green pea in rice- green pea cropping sequence. A factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications was used to set up the experiment. Result: The pooled data showed that vermicompost @100% RDN had the highest growth and yield characterictics over the vermicompost @ 75% RDN and 50% RDN. The combinations of nano NPK @ 1.5% + 100% RDN through vermicompost resulted in the highest increase growth and yield attributing characters of green pea and lowest was observed in the control + @ 50% RDN treated plot.\u0000","PeriodicalId":17998,"journal":{"name":"LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL","volume":"339 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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